EC 1.2.1.8
- Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
IntEnz Enzyme Nomenclature
EC 1.2.1.8
Names
Accepted name:
betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
Other
names:
BADH
betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase
betaine aldehyde oxidase
BetB
Systematic name:
betaine-aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase
Reaction
-
betaine aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = betaine + NADH + 2 H+
Comments:
In many bacteria, plants and animals, the osmoprotectant betaine is synthesized in two steps: (1) choline to betaine aldehyde and (2) betaine aldehyde to betaine. This enzyme is involved in the second step and appears to be the same in plants, animals and bacteria. In contrast, different enzymes are involved in the first reaction. In plants, this reaction is catalysed by EC 1.14.15.7 (choline monooxygenase), whereas in animals and many bacteria, it is catalysed by either membrane-bound EC 1.1.99.1 (choline dehydrogenase) or soluble (EC 1.1.3.17) choline oxidase [5]. In some bacteria, betaine is synthesized from glycine through the actions of EC 2.1.1.156 (glycine/sarcosine N-methyltransferase) and EC 2.1.1.157 (sarcosine/dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase).
Links to other databases
CAS Registry Number:
9028-90-4
AADH1_SOLLC
ADH1A_MAIZE
ADH1B_MAIZE
AL7A1-2_HUMAN
AL7A1-2_MOUSE
AL7A1-4_HUMAN
AL7A1_BOVIN
AL7A1_HUMAN
AL7A1_MOUSE
AL7A1_RAT
BADH1_ARATH
BADH1_ORYSJ
BADH2_ARATH
BADH2_ORYSI
BADH2_ORYSJ
BADH_AMAHP
BADH_ATRHO
BADH_BETVU
BADH_HORVU
BADH_SCHPO
BADH_SPIOL
BETA1_CHRSD
BETA_ACIAD
BETA_ACIB3
BETA_ACIB5
BETA_ACIBC
BETA_ACIBS
BETA_ACIBY
BETA_AGRFC
BETA_AGRRK
BETA_BRUA4
BETA_BRUC2
BETA_BRUME
BETA_BRUO2
BETA_BRUSI
BETA_BRUSU
BETA_BURA4
BETA_BURCA
BETA_BURCC
BETA_BURCH
BETA_BURCJ
BETA_BURCM
BETA_BURL3
BETA_BURM1
BETA_BURMA
BETA_BURP1
BETA_BURPS
BETA_BURTA
BETA_BURVG
BETA_CITK8
BETA_CROS8
BETA_ECO24
BETA_ECO27
BETA_ECO45
BETA_ECO55
BETA_ECO57
BETA_ECO5E
BETA_ECO8A
BETA_ECODH
BETA_ECOHS
BETA_ECOL5
BETA_ECOL6
BETA_ECOLC
BETA_ECOLI
BETA_ECOLU
BETA_ECOSE
BETA_ECOSM
BETA_ECOUT
BETA_KLEP3
BETA_KLEP7
BETA_PARP8
BETA_PARPJ
BETA_PARXL
BETA_PECAS
BETA_PECCP
BETA_PHOPR
BETA_PROMH
BETA_PSE14
BETA_PSEA7
BETA_PSEA8
BETA_PSEAB
BETA_PSEAE
BETA_PSEE4
BETA_PSEF5
BETA_PSEFS
BETA_PSEMY
BETA_PSEP1
BETA_PSEPF
BETA_PSEPG
BETA_PSEPK
BETA_PSESM
BETA_PSEU2
BETA_RHIE6
BETA_RHIEC
BETA_RHIL3
BETA_RHILO
BETA_RHILW
BETA_RHIME
BETA_SERP5
BETA_SHIF8
BETA_SINFN
BETA_SINMW
BETA_STAA1
BETA_STAA2
BETA_STAA3
BETA_STAA8
BETA_STAA9
BETA_STAAB
BETA_STAAC
BETA_STAAE
BETA_STAAM
BETA_STAAN
BETA_STAAR
BETA_STAAS
BETA_STAAT
BETA_STAAW
BETA_STAEQ
BETA_STAES
BETA_STAHJ
BETA_STAS1
BETA_STAXY
BETA_STRM5
BETA_STRMK
BETA_VIBCB
BETA_VIBVU
BETA_VIBVY
BETA_XANAC
BETA_XANC5
BETA_XANC8
BETA_XANCB
BETA_XANCP
BETA_YERP3
BETA_YERPA
BETA_YERPB
BETA_YERPE
BETA_YERPN
BETA_YERPP
BETA_YERPS
BETA_YERPY
BETB1_RHIME
BETB2_RHIME
BETB_ACIAD
BETB_ACIB3
BETB_ACIB5
BETB_ACIBC
BETB_ACIBS
BETB_ACIBT
BETB_ACIBY
BETB_AGRFC
BETB_AGRRK
BETB_BRUA1
BETB_BRUA2
BETB_BRUA4
BETB_BRUAB
BETB_BRUC2
BETB_BRUMB
BETB_BRUME
BETB_BRUO2
BETB_BRUSI
BETB_BRUSU
BETB_BURA4
BETB_BURCA
BETB_BURCC
BETB_BURCH
BETB_BURCJ
BETB_BURCM
BETB_BURL3
BETB_BURM1
BETB_BURM7
BETB_BURM9
BETB_BURMA
BETB_BURMS
BETB_BURP0
BETB_BURP1
BETB_BURP6
BETB_BURPS
BETB_BURVG
BETB_CERS4
BETB_CERS5
BETB_CHRSD
BETB_ECO24
BETB_ECO27
BETB_ECO45
BETB_ECO55
BETB_ECO57
BETB_ECO5E
BETB_ECO7I
BETB_ECO8A
BETB_ECODH
BETB_ECOHS
BETB_ECOL5
BETB_ECOL6
BETB_ECOLC
BETB_ECOLI
BETB_ECOLU
BETB_ECOSE
BETB_ECOSM
BETB_KLEP3
BETB_MARMS
BETB_PARP8
BETB_PARPJ
BETB_PARXL
BETB_PECAS
BETB_PECCP
BETB_PSE14
BETB_PSEA7
BETB_PSEA8
BETB_PSEAB
BETB_PSEAE
BETB_PSEE4
BETB_PSEF5
BETB_PSEFS
BETB_PSEMY
BETB_PSEP1
BETB_PSEPF
BETB_PSEPG
BETB_PSEPK
BETB_PSEPW
BETB_PSESM
BETB_PSEU2
BETB_PSEU5
BETB_RHIE6
BETB_RHIEC
BETB_RHIL3
BETB_RHILO
BETB_RHILW
BETB_RHOS1
BETB_RHOSK
BETB_SERP5
BETB_SHIF8
BETB_SINFN
BETB_SINMW
BETB_STRM5
BETB_STRMK
BETB_VIBA3
BETB_VIBCB
BETB_VIBPA
BETB_VIBVU
BETB_VIBVY
BETB_XANAC
BETB_XANC5
BETB_XANC8
BETB_XANCB
BETB_XANCP
BETB_YERP3
BETB_YERPA
BETB_YERPB
BETB_YERPE
BETB_YERPN
BETB_YERPP
BETB_YERPS
BETB_YERPY
GBSA_BACSU
References
-
Rothschild, H.A. and Barron, E.S.G.
The oxidation of betaine aldehyde by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.
J. Biol. Chem.
209
:
511-523
(1954).
[PMID:
13192104]
-
Livingstone, J.R., Maruo, T., Yoshida, I., Tarui, Y., Hirooka, K., Yamamoto, Y., Tsutui, N. and Hirasawa, E.
Purification and properties of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Avena sativa.
J. Plant Res.
116
:
133-140
(2003).
[PMID:
12736784]
-
Muñoz-Clares, R.A., González-Segura, L., Mújica-Jiménez, C. and Contreras-Díaz, L.
Ligand-induced conformational changes of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. leaves affecting the reactivity of the catalytic thiol.
Chem. Biol. Interact.
143
:
129-137
(2003).
[PMID:
12604197]
-
Johansson, K., El-Ahmad, M., Ramaswamy, S., Hjelmqvist, L., Jörnvall, H. and Eklund, H.
Structure of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase at 2.1 Å resolution.
Protein Sci.
7
:
2106-2117
(1999).
[PMID:
9792097]
-
Waditee, R., Tanaka, Y., Aoki, K., Hibino, T., Jikuya, H., Takano, J., Takabe, T. and Takabe, T.
Isolation and functional characterization of N-methyltransferases that catalyze betaine synthesis from glycine in a halotolerant photosynthetic organism Aphanothece halophytica.
J. Biol. Chem.
278
:
4932-4942
(2003).
[PMID:
12466265]
[EC 1.2.1.8 created 1961, modified 2005, modified 2011]