IntEnz - EC 1.13.11.51

EC 1 - Oxidoreductases

EC 1.13 - Acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases). The oxygen incorporated need not be derived from O₂

EC 1.13.11 - With incorporation of two atoms of oxygen

EC 1.13.11.51 - 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase

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IntEnz Enzyme Nomenclature
EC 1.13.11.51

Names

Accepted name:

9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase

Other names:

nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase
NCED
AtNCED3
PvNCED1
VP14

Systematic name:

9-cis-epoxycarotenoid 11,12-dioxygenase

Reactions

23328 [IUBMB]

a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid

a 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:51973

Formula: C29H39O2R
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

+

O₂

O2

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:15379

Formula: O2
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

=

2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin

2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:32304

Formula: C15H22O3
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

+

a 12'-apo-carotenal

a 12'-apo-carotenal

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:51972

Formula: C14H17OR
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)
16541 [IUBMB]

9-cis-violaxanthin

9-cis-violaxanthin

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:35305

Formula: C40H56O4
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

+

O₂

O2

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:15379

Formula: O2
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

=

(3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-β-caroten-12'-al

(3S,5R,6S)-5,6-epoxy-3-hydroxy-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:34597

Formula: C25H34O3
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

+

2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin

2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:32304

Formula: C15H22O3
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)
19677 [IUBMB]

9'-cis-neoxanthin

9'-cis-neoxanthin

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:35306

Formula: C40H56O4
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

+

O₂

O2

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:15379

Formula: O2
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

=

(3S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-β-caroten-12'-al

(3S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6,7-didehydro-5,6-dihydro-12'-apo-beta-caroten-12'-al

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:34596

Formula: C25H34O3
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

+

2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin

2-cis,4-trans-xanthoxin

Name origin: UniProt - CHECKED (C)

CHEBI:32304

Formula: C15H22O3
Charge: 0

ChEBI compound status: CHECKED (C)

Cofactor

Fe cation

Comments:

Requires iron(II). Acts on 9-cis-violaxanthin and 9'-cis-neoxanthin but not on the all-trans isomers [2,3]. In vitro, it will cleave 9-cis-zeaxanthin. Catalyses the first step of abscisic-acid biosynthesis from carotenoids in chloroplasts, in response to water stress. The other enzymes involved in the abscisic-acid biosynthesis pathway are EC 1.1.1.288 (xanthoxin dehydrogenase), EC 1.2.3.14 (abscisic aldehyde oxidase) and EC 1.14.13.93 [(+)-abscisic acid 8'-hydroxylase].

Links to other databases

Enzymes and pathways: NC-IUBMB , BRENDA , DIAGRAM , ExplorEnz , ENZYME@ExPASy , KEGG , MetaCyc , UniPathway

Structural data: CSA , EC2PDB

Gene Ontology: GO:0045549

UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot: (15) [show] [UniProt]

References

Schwartz, S.H., Tan, B.C., Gage, D.A., Zeevaart, J.A.D. and McCarty, D.R.

Specific oxidative cleavage of carotenoids by VP14 of maize.

Science 276 : 1872-1874 (1997). [PMID: 9188535]
Tan, B.C., Schwartz, S.H., Zeevaart, J.A.D. and McCarty, D.R.

Genetic control of abscisic acid biosynthesis in maize.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94 : 12235-12240 (1997). [PMID: 9342392]
Qin, X. and Zeevaart, J.A.D.

The 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid cleavage reaction is the key regulatory step of abscisic acid biosynthesis in water-stressed bean.

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96 : 15354-15361 (2000). [PMID: 10611388]
Thompson, A.J., Jackson, A.C., Symonds, R.C., Mulholland, B.J., Dadswell, A.R., Blake, P.S., Burbidge, A. and Taylor, I.B.

Ectopic expression of a tomato 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene causes over-production of abscisic acid.

Plant J. 23 : 363-374 (2000). [PMID: 10929129]
Iuchi, S., Kobayashi, M., Taji, T., Naramoto, M., Seki, M., Kato, T., Tabata, S., Kakubari, Y., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. and Shinozaki, K.

Regulation of drought tolerance by gene manipulation of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Plant J. 27 : 325-333 (2001). [PMID: 11532178]
Iuchi, S., Kobayashi, M., Taji, T., Naramoto, M., Seki, M., Kato, T., Tabata, S., Kakubari, Y., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. and Shinozaki, K.

Erratum report. Regulation of drought tolerance by gene manipulation of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.

Plant J. 30 : 611 (2002). [PMID: 11532178]

[EC 1.13.11.51 created 2005]