Cofactors

There are no Cofactors for this Enzyme

Reaction Mechanism

2-dehydro-3-deoxyglucarate aldolase By Reference

5-keto-4-deoxy-D-glucarate aldolase GarL is involved in step 2 of the subpathway that synthesizes D-glycerate from galactarate. It catalyses the reversible retro-aldol cleavage of both 5-keto-4-deoxy-D-glucarate and 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-glucarate to pyruvate and tartronic semialdehyde.




• Summary
• Step 1
• Step 2
• Step 3
• Products

The Asp89-His50 intersubunit dyad deprotonates the metal-bound water molecule. The condensed substrate binds to the metal ion in a bidentate fashion with the C3 carbonyl and C4 hydroxyl interacting with Arg75. The metal-bound hydroxide ion, activated by the intersubunit Asp89-His50 dyad, abstracts the C4 hydroxyl proton, coupled with breakage of the C3−C4 carbon−carbon bond. The resulting aldehyde product and pyruvate enolate are stabilised by the metal ion and Arg74. Protonation of pyruvate enolate at C3 by the Asp89-His50-metal-bound water results in the other product pyruvate, returning the enzyme to the ground state and completing the catalytic cycle.

Catalytic Residues

AA	Uniprot	Uniprot Resid	PDB	PDB Resid
Arg	P23522	75	1dxe	75
Glu	P23522	153	1dxe	153
Asp	P23522	179	1dxe	179
His	P23522	50	1dxe	50
Asp	P23522	89	1dxe	89

Step Components

overall product formed, proton transfer, overall reactant used, bimolecular elimination, native state of enzyme regenerated, assisted keto-enol tautomerisation



Step 1.

His50 abstracts a proton from a metal-bound water.



Step 2.

The activated water abstracts a proton from the substrate, forming the aldehyde product and the pyruvoyl intermediate.



Step 3.

The enolate intermediate collapses with concomitant deprtonation of the water molecule, which in turn abstracts a proton from His50.



Products.

The products of the reaction.

View Reaction Mechanisms in M-CSA

Reaction Parameters

There are no kinetic parameters information for this Enzyme

Associated Proteins

Citations

• Evolutionarily stable gene clusters shed light on the common grounds of pathogenicity in the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex.
• Novel Metabolic Pathways and Regulons for Hexuronate Utilization in Proteobacteria.
• Proteome Analysis Reveals a Significant Host-Specific Response in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae Endosymbiotic Cells.
• Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. savastanoi and Erwinia toletana: Role in Virulence and Interspecies Interactions in the Olive Knot.
• Inhibitor tolerance and bioethanol fermentability of levoglucosan-utilizing Escherichia coli were enhanced by overexpression of stress-responsive gene ycfR: The proteomics-guided metabolic engineering.
• Improved xylose tolerance and 2,3-butanediol production of Klebsiella pneumoniae by directed evolution of rpoD and the mechanisms revealed by transcriptomics.
• Transcriptomes of Ralstonia solanacearum during Root Colonization of Solanum commersonii.
• New insights into the alternative D-glucarate degradation pathway.
• Rhombohedral crystals of 2-dehydro-3-deoxygalactarate aldolase from Escherichia coli.
• Active site modulation in the N-acetylneuraminate lyase sub-family as revealed by the structure of the inhibitor-complexed Haemophilus influenzae enzyme.
• Comparative genomics of unintrogressed Campylobacter coli clades 2 and 3.