UniProt functional annotation for O14802



	UniProt functional annotation for O14802

UniProt code: O14802.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. A single- stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol III. A bridging helix emanates from RPC1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol III by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition (By similarity). Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19609254, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19631370}.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:21248, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11128, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:11129, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:61557, ChEBI:CHEBI:83400; EC=2.7.7.6;

Subunit: Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits. {ECO:0000250}.

Subcellular location: Nucleus.

Tissue specificity: Expressed in the brain, in the cortex and the white matter (at protein level). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21855841}.

Disease: Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 7, with or without oligodontia and/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HLD7) [MIM:607694]: An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by childhood onset of progressive motor decline manifest as spasticity, ataxia, tremor, and cerebellar signs, as well as mild cognitive regression. Other features may include hypodontia or oligodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. There is considerable inter- and intrafamilial variability. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:21855841, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22036171, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23355746, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23694757}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease: Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (WDRTS) [MIM:264090]: An autosomal recessive, neonatal progeroid disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive, short stature, hypotonia, variable mental impairment, and a progeroid appearance. Clinical features include apparent macrocephaly, sparse hair, prominent scalp veins, entropion, greatly widened anterior fontanelles, malar hypoplasia, and generalized lipoatrophy. Death usually occurs in early childhood but survival to third decade has been reported. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:27612211, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30323018, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30414627, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30450527}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity: Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyzes the transcription of DNA into RNA using the four ribonucleoside triphosphates as substrates. Largest and catalytic core component of RNA polymerase III which synthesizes small RNAs, such as 5S rRNA and tRNAs. Forms the polymerase active center together with the second largest subunit. A single- stranded DNA template strand of the promoter is positioned within the central active site cleft of Pol III. A bridging helix emanates from RPC1 and crosses the cleft near the catalytic site and is thought to promote translocation of Pol III by acting as a ratchet that moves the RNA-DNA hybrid through the active site by switching from straight to bent conformations at each step of nucleotide addition (By similarity). Plays a key role in sensing and limiting infection by intracellular bacteria and DNA viruses. Acts as nuclear and cytosolic DNA sensor involved in innate immune response. Can sense non-self dsDNA that serves as template for transcription into dsRNA. The non-self RNA polymerase III transcripts, such as Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNAs (EBERs) induce type I interferon and NF- Kappa-B through the RIG-I pathway. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19609254, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19631370}.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=a ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate + RNA(n) = diphosphate + RNA(n+1); Xref=Rhea:RHEA:21248, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:11128, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:11129, ChEBI:CHEBI:33019, ChEBI:CHEBI:61557, ChEBI:CHEBI:83400; EC=2.7.7.6;
Subunit:		Component of the RNA polymerase III (Pol III) complex consisting of 17 subunits. {ECO:0000250}.
Subcellular location:		Nucleus.
Tissue specificity:		Expressed in the brain, in the cortex and the white matter (at protein level). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21855841}.
Disease:		Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 7, with or without oligodontia and/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HLD7) [MIM:607694]: An autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by childhood onset of progressive motor decline manifest as spasticity, ataxia, tremor, and cerebellar signs, as well as mild cognitive regression. Other features may include hypodontia or oligodontia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. There is considerable inter- and intrafamilial variability. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:21855841, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22036171, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23355746, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23694757}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease:		Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome (WDRTS) [MIM:264090]: An autosomal recessive, neonatal progeroid disorder characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, failure to thrive, short stature, hypotonia, variable mental impairment, and a progeroid appearance. Clinical features include apparent macrocephaly, sparse hair, prominent scalp veins, entropion, greatly widened anterior fontanelles, malar hypoplasia, and generalized lipoatrophy. Death usually occurs in early childhood but survival to third decade has been reported. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:27612211, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:30323018, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:30414627, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:30450527}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Similarity:		Belongs to the RNA polymerase beta' chain family. {ECO:0000305}.