UniProt functional annotation for P46863



	UniProt functional annotation for P46863

UniProt code: P46863.

Organism: Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.

Function: Important role in mitotic dividing cells (PubMed:8227131). Microtubule motor required for spindle body separation (PubMed:8918872). Slow plus-end directed microtubule motor capable of cross-linking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules, thereby pushing apart the associated spindle poles during spindle assembly and function (PubMed:8918872, PubMed:8589456, PubMed:19062285). Forms cross-links between microtubules within interpolar microtubule bundles (PubMed:9885249, PubMed:19158379). Contributes to the length of the metaphase spindle, maintains the prometaphase spindle by antagonizing Ncd, drives anaphase B, and also contributes to normal chromosome congression, kinetochore spacing, and anaphase A rates (PubMed:19158379). Displays microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity (PubMed:8589456). Required for normal fusome organization (PubMed:10469596). Required in non-mitotic cells for transport of secretory proteins from the Golgi complex to the cell surface (PubMed:23857769). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19062285, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19158379, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23857769, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8227131, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8589456, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8918872, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9885249}.

Subunit: Homotetramer (PubMed:8538794, PubMed:9885249, PubMed:24714498). Consists of two pairs of polypeptides associated by coiled-coil interactions to form two homodimers (PubMed:8538794). The homodimers are linked by lateral interactions between their coiled-coil regions to form a bipolar homotetramer consisting of a central rod with two motor domains projecting from either end (PubMed:8538794). Parallel coiled coils extend from each pair of motor heads, switch to two antiparallel coiled coils in the central region and then back to parallel coiled coils (PubMed:24714498). Interacts with Wee1 (PubMed:19800237). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19800237, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24714498, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8538794, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9885249}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19800237, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8589456, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9885249}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8589456}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9885249}. Note=In somatic cells, cytoplasmic during interphase, localized to centrosomal asters at the onset of mitosis in prophase and associated with spindle structures during the remainder of mitosis (PubMed:10469596). In male and female germ cells, associates with fusomes during interphase, then localizes to centrosomal asters during prophase and to spindles in metaphase (PubMed:10469596). Coincident with spindle microtubules from prophase to metaphase and, as mitosis proceeds, found both at the spindle poles and along the spindle fibers (PubMed:8589456). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8589456}.

Developmental stage: Specifically expressed in proliferating tissues during embryonic and larval development. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:8227131}.

Ptm: Phosphorylation is required for localization to mitotic spindles (PubMed:9885249). Phosphorylation of Thr-933 during mitosis controls association with the spindle apparatus (By similarity). Phosphorylated in vitro by Wee1 (PubMed:19800237). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P52732, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19800237, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9885249}.

Similarity: Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. BimC subfamily. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE- ProRule:PRU00283}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.



Function:		Important role in mitotic dividing cells (PubMed:8227131). Microtubule motor required for spindle body separation (PubMed:8918872). Slow plus-end directed microtubule motor capable of cross-linking and sliding apart antiparallel microtubules, thereby pushing apart the associated spindle poles during spindle assembly and function (PubMed:8918872, PubMed:8589456, PubMed:19062285). Forms cross-links between microtubules within interpolar microtubule bundles (PubMed:9885249, PubMed:19158379). Contributes to the length of the metaphase spindle, maintains the prometaphase spindle by antagonizing Ncd, drives anaphase B, and also contributes to normal chromosome congression, kinetochore spacing, and anaphase A rates (PubMed:19158379). Displays microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity (PubMed:8589456). Required for normal fusome organization (PubMed:10469596). Required in non-mitotic cells for transport of secretory proteins from the Golgi complex to the cell surface (PubMed:23857769). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19062285, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19158379, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23857769, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8227131, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8589456, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8918872, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9885249}.


Subunit:		Homotetramer (PubMed:8538794, PubMed:9885249, PubMed:24714498). Consists of two pairs of polypeptides associated by coiled-coil interactions to form two homodimers (PubMed:8538794). The homodimers are linked by lateral interactions between their coiled-coil regions to form a bipolar homotetramer consisting of a central rod with two motor domains projecting from either end (PubMed:8538794). Parallel coiled coils extend from each pair of motor heads, switch to two antiparallel coiled coils in the central region and then back to parallel coiled coils (PubMed:24714498). Interacts with Wee1 (PubMed:19800237). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19800237, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24714498, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8538794, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9885249}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19800237, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8589456, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9885249}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle pole {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8589456}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9885249}. Note=In somatic cells, cytoplasmic during interphase, localized to centrosomal asters at the onset of mitosis in prophase and associated with spindle structures during the remainder of mitosis (PubMed:10469596). In male and female germ cells, associates with fusomes during interphase, then localizes to centrosomal asters during prophase and to spindles in metaphase (PubMed:10469596). Coincident with spindle microtubules from prophase to metaphase and, as mitosis proceeds, found both at the spindle poles and along the spindle fibers (PubMed:8589456). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10469596, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8589456}.
Developmental stage:		Specifically expressed in proliferating tissues during embryonic and larval development. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8227131}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylation is required for localization to mitotic spindles (PubMed:9885249). Phosphorylation of Thr-933 during mitosis controls association with the spindle apparatus (By similarity). Phosphorylated in vitro by Wee1 (PubMed:19800237). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:P52732, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19800237, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9885249}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the TRAFAC class myosin-kinesin ATPase superfamily. Kinesin family. BimC subfamily. {ECO:0000255\|PROSITE- ProRule:PRU00283}.