UniProt functional annotation for P52333



	UniProt functional annotation for P52333

UniProt code: P52333.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylated STATs then form homodimer or heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. For example, upon IL2R activation by IL2, JAK1 and JAK3 molecules bind to IL2R beta (IL2RB) and gamma chain (IL2RG) subunits inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptor subunits on their cytoplasmic domain. Then, STAT5A AND STAT5B are recruited, phosphorylated and activated by JAK1 and JAK3. Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of specific target genes in a cytokine-specific fashion. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11909529, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20440074, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7662955, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8022485}.

Catalytic activity: Reaction=ATP + L-tyrosyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-tyrosyl- [protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10596, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10136, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:10137, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:46858, ChEBI:CHEBI:82620, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.10.2; Evidence={ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10028};

Subunit: Interacts with STAM2 and MYO18A (By similarity). Interacts with SHB. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10899310, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12200137, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15831699}.

Subcellular location: Endomembrane system {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}.

Tissue specificity: In NK cells and an NK-like cell line but not in resting T-cells or in other tissues. The S-form is more commonly seen in hematopoietic lines, whereas the B-form is detected in cells both of hematopoietic and epithelial origins. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:7535338}.

Domain: Possesses two phosphotransferase domains. The second one probably contains the catalytic domain (By similarity), while the presence of slight differences suggest a different role for domain 1. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12351625}.

Ptm: Tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL-2 and IL-4. Dephosphorylation of Tyr-980 and Tyr-981 by PTPN2 negatively regulates cytokine-mediated signaling (Probable). {ECO:0000305|PubMed:11909529, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15121872, ECO:0000305|PubMed:15831699, ECO:0000305|PubMed:18250158}.

Disease: Severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell- negative/B-cell-positive/NK-cell-negative (T(-)B(+)NK(-) SCID) [MIM:600802]: A form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. Patients present in infancy recurrent, persistent infections by opportunistic organisms. The common characteristic of all types of SCID is absence of T-cell-mediated cellular immunity due to a defect in T-cell development. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10982185, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14615376, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7659163, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9354668, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9753072}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous: [Isoform 1]: May be inactive as it lacks some part of the kinase domain. {ECO:0000305}.

Similarity: Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. JAK subfamily. {ECO:0000255|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159}.

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAC50227.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Wrong choice of CDS. Was erroneously described as an isoform JAK3M while it is a fragmentary mRNA of INSL3.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in various processes such as cell growth, development, or differentiation. Mediates essential signaling events in both innate and adaptive immunity and plays a crucial role in hematopoiesis during T-cells development. In the cytoplasm, plays a pivotal role in signal transduction via its association with type I receptors sharing the common subunit gamma such as IL2R, IL4R, IL7R, IL9R, IL15R and IL21R. Following ligand binding to cell surface receptors, phosphorylates specific tyrosine residues on the cytoplasmic tails of the receptor, creating docking sites for STATs proteins. Subsequently, phosphorylates the STATs proteins once they are recruited to the receptor. Phosphorylated STATs then form homodimer or heterodimers and translocate to the nucleus to activate gene transcription. For example, upon IL2R activation by IL2, JAK1 and JAK3 molecules bind to IL2R beta (IL2RB) and gamma chain (IL2RG) subunits inducing the tyrosine phosphorylation of both receptor subunits on their cytoplasmic domain. Then, STAT5A AND STAT5B are recruited, phosphorylated and activated by JAK1 and JAK3. Once activated, dimerized STAT5 translocates to the nucleus and promotes the transcription of specific target genes in a cytokine-specific fashion. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11909529, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20440074, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7662955, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8022485}.


Catalytic activity:		Reaction=ATP + L-tyrosyl-[protein] = ADP + H(+) + O-phospho-L-tyrosyl- [protein]; Xref=Rhea:RHEA:10596, Rhea:RHEA-COMP:10136, Rhea:RHEA- COMP:10137, ChEBI:CHEBI:15378, ChEBI:CHEBI:30616, ChEBI:CHEBI:46858, ChEBI:CHEBI:82620, ChEBI:CHEBI:456216; EC=2.7.10.2; Evidence={ECO:0000255\|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU10028};
Subunit:		Interacts with STAM2 and MYO18A (By similarity). Interacts with SHB. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10899310, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12200137, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15831699}.
Subcellular location:		Endomembrane system {ECO:0000250}; Peripheral membrane protein {ECO:0000250}. Cytoplasm {ECO:0000250}.
Tissue specificity:		In NK cells and an NK-like cell line but not in resting T-cells or in other tissues. The S-form is more commonly seen in hematopoietic lines, whereas the B-form is detected in cells both of hematopoietic and epithelial origins. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7535338}.
Domain:		Possesses two phosphotransferase domains. The second one probably contains the catalytic domain (By similarity), while the presence of slight differences suggest a different role for domain 1. {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12351625}.
Ptm:		Tyrosine phosphorylated in response to IL-2 and IL-4. Dephosphorylation of Tyr-980 and Tyr-981 by PTPN2 negatively regulates cytokine-mediated signaling (Probable). {ECO:0000305\|PubMed:11909529, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:15121872, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:15831699, ECO:0000305\|PubMed:18250158}.
Disease:		Severe combined immunodeficiency autosomal recessive T-cell- negative/B-cell-positive/NK-cell-negative (T(-)B(+)NK(-) SCID) [MIM:600802]: A form of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of rare congenital disorders characterized by impairment of both humoral and cell-mediated immunity, leukopenia, and low or absent antibody levels. Patients present in infancy recurrent, persistent infections by opportunistic organisms. The common characteristic of all types of SCID is absence of T-cell-mediated cellular immunity due to a defect in T-cell development. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:10982185, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14615376, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7659163, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9354668, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:9753072}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Miscellaneous:		[Isoform 1]: May be inactive as it lacks some part of the kinase domain. {ECO:0000305}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. JAK subfamily. {ECO:0000255\|PROSITE-ProRule:PRU00159}.
Sequence caution:		Sequence=AAC50227.1; Type=Miscellaneous discrepancy; Note=Wrong choice of CDS. Was erroneously described as an isoform JAK3M while it is a fragmentary mRNA of INSL3.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};