The plant homeodomain (PHD) finger of Set3 binds methylated lysine 4 of histone
H3 in vitro and in vivo; however, precise selectivity of this domain has not
been fully characterized. Here, we explore the determinants of methyllysine
recognition by the PHD fingers of Set3 and its orthologs. We use X-ray
crystallographic and spectroscopic approaches to show that the Set3 PHD finger
binds di- and trimethylated states of H3K4 with comparable affinities and
employs similar molecular mechanisms to form complexes with either mark.
Composition of the methyllysine-binding pocket plays an essential role in
determining the selectivity of the PHD fingers. The finding that the
histone-binding activity is not conserved in the PHD finger of Set4 suggests
different functions for the Set3 and Set4 paralogs.