UniProt functional annotation for P02299



	UniProt functional annotation for P02299

UniProt code: P02299.

Organism: Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.

Function: Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.

Subunit: The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.

Subcellular location: Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Chromosome {ECO:0000250}.

Ptm: Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by Haspin during mitosis and interphase (PubMed:32750047). Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by aurB/ial during mitosis and meiosis is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression (PubMed:11114889, PubMed:11266459, PubMed:11371341, PubMed:12514098, PubMed:15175259). Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by JIL-1 during interphase is linked to gene activation and restricts the formation of heterochromatin at inappropriate sites. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome (PubMed:11114889, PubMed:11266459, PubMed:11371341, PubMed:12514098, PubMed:15175259). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11114889, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11266459, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11371341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12514098, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15175259, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32750047}.

Ptm: Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylated on Lys-15 during prophase I of meiosis. Phosphorylation of H2A 'Thr-119' is a prerequisite for H3 Lys-15 acetylation. Acetylation on Lys-15 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11114889, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11371341, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11859155, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14732680, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16230526}.

Ptm: Methylation at Lys-5 or Lys-80 is generally associated with active chromatin. Methylation at Lys-80 by gpp occurs at low levels in specific developmental stages and tissues undergoing active cell division, and at highest levels in epidermal cells undergoing differentiation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14732680, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15175259, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15371351}.

Similarity: Belongs to the histone H3 family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Ecdysozoa; Arthropoda; Hexapoda; Insecta; Pterygota; Neoptera; Endopterygota; Diptera; Brachycera; Muscomorpha; Ephydroidea; Drosophilidae; Drosophila; Sophophora.



Function:		Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.


Subunit:		The nucleosome is a histone octamer containing two molecules each of H2A, H2B, H3 and H4 assembled in one H3-H4 heterotetramer and two H2A-H2B heterodimers. The octamer wraps approximately 147 bp of DNA.
Subcellular location:		Nucleus {ECO:0000250}. Chromosome {ECO:0000250}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylated at Thr-4 (H3T3ph) by Haspin during mitosis and interphase (PubMed:32750047). Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by aurB/ial during mitosis and meiosis is crucial for chromosome condensation and cell-cycle progression (PubMed:11114889, PubMed:11266459, PubMed:11371341, PubMed:12514098, PubMed:15175259). Phosphorylation at Ser-11 by JIL-1 during interphase is linked to gene activation and restricts the formation of heterochromatin at inappropriate sites. Phosphorylation at Ser-11 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome (PubMed:11114889, PubMed:11266459, PubMed:11371341, PubMed:12514098, PubMed:15175259). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11114889, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11266459, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11371341, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12514098, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15175259, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:32750047}.
Ptm:		Acetylation is generally linked to gene activation. Acetylated on Lys-15 during prophase I of meiosis. Phosphorylation of H2A 'Thr-119' is a prerequisite for H3 Lys-15 acetylation. Acetylation on Lys-15 is enriched on male X chromosome compared to the autosome. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11114889, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11371341, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11859155, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14732680, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16230526}.
Ptm:		Methylation at Lys-5 or Lys-80 is generally associated with active chromatin. Methylation at Lys-80 by gpp occurs at low levels in specific developmental stages and tissues undergoing active cell division, and at highest levels in epidermal cells undergoing differentiation. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14732680, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15175259, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15371351}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the histone H3 family. {ECO:0000305}.