The ribosome is the target of a large number of antibiotics. Here, we report a
3.4-Å-resolution crystal structure of bactobolin A bound to 70S ribosome-tRNA
complex. The antibiotic binds at a previously unseen site in the 50S subunit and
displaces tRNA bound at the P-site. It thus likely has a similar mechanism of
action as blasticidin S despite binding to a different site. The structure also
rationalizes previously identified resistance mutations.