UniProt functional annotation for P19493



	UniProt functional annotation for P19493

UniProt code: P19493.

Organism: Rattus norvegicus (Rat).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.

Function: Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate (By similarity). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12603841, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19102704, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20107073}.

Subunit: Homotetramer or heterotetramer of pore-forming glutamate receptor subunits. Tetramers may be formed by the dimerization of dimers. Interacts with EPB41L1 via its C-terminus. Isoform 3 interacts with PRKCABP. Found in a complex with GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3, CNIH2, CNIH3, CACNG2, CACNG3, CACNG4, CACNG5, CACNG7 and CACNG8. Interacts with CACNG5 and PRKCG. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12471040, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12574408, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18817736, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19022251, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19102704, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19234459, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19265014, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20107073}.

Subcellular location: Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell projection, dendrite. Note=Interaction with CNIH2, CNIH3 and PRKCG promotes cell surface expression.

Tissue specificity: Detected in cerebellum (at protein level).

Domain: The M4 transmembrane segment mediates tetramerization and is required for cell surface expression. {ECO:0000250}.

Ptm: Palmitoylated. Depalmitoylated upon glutamate stimulation. Cys-611 palmitoylation leads to Golgi retention and decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, Cys-837 palmitoylation does not affect cell surface expression but regulates stimulation-dependent endocytosis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.

Ptm: Phosphorylated at Ser-862 by PRKCG; phosphorylation increases plasma membrane-associated GRI4 expression. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12471040}.

Miscellaneous: The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds AMPA (quisqualate) > glutamate > kainate.

Similarity: Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRIA4 subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Rattus norvegicus (Rat).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Glires; Rodentia; Myomorpha; Muroidea; Muridae; Murinae; Rattus.



Function:		Receptor for glutamate that functions as ligand-gated ion channel in the central nervous system and plays an important role in excitatory synaptic transmission. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L-glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. In the presence of CACNG4 or CACNG7 or CACNG8, shows resensitization which is characterized by a delayed accumulation of current flux upon continued application of glutamate (By similarity). {ECO:0000250, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12603841, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19102704, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20107073}.


Subunit:		Homotetramer or heterotetramer of pore-forming glutamate receptor subunits. Tetramers may be formed by the dimerization of dimers. Interacts with EPB41L1 via its C-terminus. Isoform 3 interacts with PRKCABP. Found in a complex with GRIA1, GRIA2, GRIA3, CNIH2, CNIH3, CACNG2, CACNG3, CACNG4, CACNG5, CACNG7 and CACNG8. Interacts with CACNG5 and PRKCG. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12471040, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12574408, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:18817736, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19022251, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19102704, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19234459, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19265014, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20107073}.
Subcellular location:		Cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell junction, synapse, postsynaptic cell membrane; Multi-pass membrane protein. Cell projection, dendrite. Note=Interaction with CNIH2, CNIH3 and PRKCG promotes cell surface expression.
Tissue specificity:		Detected in cerebellum (at protein level).
Domain:		The M4 transmembrane segment mediates tetramerization and is required for cell surface expression. {ECO:0000250}.
Ptm:		Palmitoylated. Depalmitoylated upon glutamate stimulation. Cys-611 palmitoylation leads to Golgi retention and decreased cell surface expression. In contrast, Cys-837 palmitoylation does not affect cell surface expression but regulates stimulation-dependent endocytosis (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylated at Ser-862 by PRKCG; phosphorylation increases plasma membrane-associated GRI4 expression. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12471040}.
Miscellaneous:		The postsynaptic actions of Glu are mediated by a variety of receptors that are named according to their selective agonists. This receptor binds AMPA (quisqualate) > glutamate > kainate.
Similarity:		Belongs to the glutamate-gated ion channel (TC 1.A.10.1) family. GRIA4 subfamily. {ECO:0000305}.