Reactivation of repaired DNA replication forks is essential for complete
duplication of bacterial genomes. However, not all bacteria encode homologs of
the well-studied Escherichia coli DNA replication restart primosome proteins,
suggesting that there might be distinct mechanistic differences among DNA
replication restart pathways in diverse bacteria. Since reactivation of repaired
DNA replication forks requires coordinated DNA and protein binding by DNA
replication restart primosome proteins, we determined the crystal structure of
Neisseria gonorrhoeae PriB at 2.7 A resolution and investigated its ability to
physically interact with DNA and PriA helicase. Comparison of the crystal
structures of PriB from N. gonorrhoeae and E. coli reveals a well-conserved
homodimeric structure consisting of two oligosaccharide/oligonucleotide-binding
(OB) folds. In spite of their overall structural similarity, there is
significant species variation in the type and distribution of surface amino acid
residues. This correlates with striking differences in the affinity with which
each PriB homolog binds single-stranded DNA and PriA helicase. These results
provide evidence that mechanisms of DNA replication restart are not identical
across diverse species and that these pathways have likely become specialized to
meet the needs of individual organisms.