UniProt functional annotation for P11277



	UniProt functional annotation for P11277

UniProt code: P11277.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Spectrin is the major constituent of the cytoskeletal network underlying the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It associates with band 4.1 and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane.

Subunit: Composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm, cell cortex.

Ptm: The first phosphorylation event occurs on Ser-2114, followed by Ser-2125, Ser-2123, Ser-2128, Ser-2117, and Thr-2110. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15065869}.

Ptm: (Microbial infection) Probably cleaved by P.falciparum SERA6; the cleavage results in SPTB solubilisation causing the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and the rupture of the erythrocyte cell membrane releasing the merozoites. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:29459732}.

Disease: Elliptocytosis 3 (EL3) [MIM:617948]: A Rhesus-unlinked form of hereditary elliptocytosis, a genetically heterogeneous hematologic disorder characterized by variable hemolytic anemia and elliptical or oval red cell shape. Inheritance can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:1975598, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7883966, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8018926, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8226774}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease: Spherocytosis 2 (SPH2) [MIM:616649]: An autosomal dominant form of hereditary spherocytosis, a group of hematologic disorders characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. Clinical manifestations include chronic hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly, with variable severity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19538529, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8102379}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Miscellaneous: This complex is anchored to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane via another protein, ankyrin, which binds to beta- spectrin and mediates the binding of the whole complex to a transmembrane protein band 3. The interaction of erythrocyte spectrin with other proteins through specific binding domains lead to the formation of an extensive subplasmalemmal meshwork which is thought to be responsible for the maintenance of the biconcave shape of human erythrocytes, for the regulation of plasma membrane components and for the maintenance of the lipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane.

Miscellaneous: [Isoform 3]: Due to exon skipping. {ECO:0000305}.

Similarity: Belongs to the spectrin family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Spectrin is the major constituent of the cytoskeletal network underlying the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It associates with band 4.1 and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane.


Subunit:		Composed of nonhomologous chains, alpha and beta, which aggregate to form dimers, tetramers, and higher polymers.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton. Cytoplasm, cell cortex.
Ptm:		The first phosphorylation event occurs on Ser-2114, followed by Ser-2125, Ser-2123, Ser-2128, Ser-2117, and Thr-2110. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15065869}.
Ptm:		(Microbial infection) Probably cleaved by P.falciparum SERA6; the cleavage results in SPTB solubilisation causing the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and the rupture of the erythrocyte cell membrane releasing the merozoites. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:29459732}.
Disease:		Elliptocytosis 3 (EL3) [MIM:617948]: A Rhesus-unlinked form of hereditary elliptocytosis, a genetically heterogeneous hematologic disorder characterized by variable hemolytic anemia and elliptical or oval red cell shape. Inheritance can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:1975598, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:7883966, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8018926, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8226774}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease:		Spherocytosis 2 (SPH2) [MIM:616649]: An autosomal dominant form of hereditary spherocytosis, a group of hematologic disorders characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal. Clinical manifestations include chronic hemolytic anemia, jaundice, and splenomegaly, with variable severity. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19538529, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:8102379}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Miscellaneous:		This complex is anchored to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane via another protein, ankyrin, which binds to beta- spectrin and mediates the binding of the whole complex to a transmembrane protein band 3. The interaction of erythrocyte spectrin with other proteins through specific binding domains lead to the formation of an extensive subplasmalemmal meshwork which is thought to be responsible for the maintenance of the biconcave shape of human erythrocytes, for the regulation of plasma membrane components and for the maintenance of the lipid asymmetry of the plasma membrane.
Miscellaneous:		[Isoform 3]: Due to exon skipping. {ECO:0000305}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the spectrin family. {ECO:0000305}.