Nuclear receptor heterodimers recognize response elements composed of two direct
repeats of the consensus sequence 5'-AGGTCA-3' separated by one to five base
pairs. The 1.9 A crystal structure of the complex formed by the DNA-binding
domains of the 9-cis retinoic acid receptor and thyroid hormone receptor bound
to a thyroid-response element shows that the subunits interact through a
DNA-supported interface involving the carboxy-terminal extension of the
DNA-binding domain of the thyroid hormone receptor. The stereochemistry suggests
a mechanism by which heterodimers recognize the inter-half-site spacing between
direct repeats.