UniProt functional annotation for Q14203



	UniProt functional annotation for Q14203

UniProt code: Q14203.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Plays a key role in dynein-mediated retrograde transport of vesicles and organelles along microtubules by recruiting and tethering dynein to microtubules. Binds to both dynein and microtubules providing a link between specific cargos, microtubules and dynein. Essential for targeting dynein to microtubule plus ends, recruiting dynein to membranous cargos and enhancing dynein processivity (the ability to move along a microtubule for a long distance without falling off the track). Can also act as a brake to slow the dynein motor during motility along the microtubule (PubMed:25185702). Can regulate microtubule stability by promoting microtubule formation, nucleation and polymerization and by inhibiting microtubule catastrophe in neurons. Inhibits microtubule catastrophe by binding both to microtubules and to tubulin, leading to enhanced microtubule stability along the axon (PubMed:23874158). Plays a role in metaphase spindle orientation (PubMed:22327364). Plays a role in centriole cohesion and subdistal appendage organization and function. Its recruitment to the centriole in a KIF3A-dependent manner is essential for the maintenance of centriole cohesion and the formation of subdistal appendage. Also required for microtubule anchoring at the mother centriole (PubMed:23386061). Plays a role in primary cilia formation (PubMed:25774020). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22327364, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23386061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23874158, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25774020}.

Subunit: Monomer and homodimer (PubMed:23874158). Dynactin is a large macromolecular complex of at least 10 components; p150(glued) binds directly to microtubules and to cytoplasmic dynein. Interacts with the C-terminus of MAPRE1, MAPRE2 and MAPRE3. Interacts (via C-terminus) with SNX6. Interacts with CLN3, DYNAP, ECPAS and FBXL5. Interacts with MISP; this interaction regulates its distribution at the cell cortex. Interacts with CEP131. Interacts with CEP126 (PubMed:24867236). Interacts with CLIP1 (PubMed:17828275, PubMed:17828277, PubMed:26972003, PubMed:20679239). Interacts with dynein intermediate chain and dynein heavy chain (PubMed:25185702). Interacts with PLK1 (via POLO-box domain) (PubMed:20679239). Interacts with TBCB (PubMed:22777741). Binds preferentially to tyrosinated microtubules than to detyrosinated microtubules (PubMed:26972003, PubMed:26968983). Interacts with PARD6A (PubMed:20719959). Interacts with HPS6 (PubMed:25189619). Interacts with KIF3A. Interacts with BICD2 (By similarity). Interacts with DST (isoform 9) (By similarity). Interacts with DST (isoform 1) (By similarity). Identified in a complex with MREG and RILP (By similarity). Interacts with BCCIP (isoform 2/alpha) (PubMed:28394342). Interacts with DCDC1 (PubMed:22159412). Interacts with AKNA (By similarity). Interacts with DYNC1I2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O08788, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14514668, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16109370, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16505168, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16949363, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17532294, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17828275, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17828277, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19935774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20679239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20682791, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20719959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20978158, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22159412, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22261744, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22777741, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22797915, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23509069, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23874158, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24867236, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25189619, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26968983, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26972003, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28394342}.

Subcellular location: Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17828277}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17828277, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22777741, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25774020, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26972003}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14654843, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20719959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23985322, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25774020}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole {ECO:0000269|PubMed:23386061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25774020}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25774020}. Nucleus envelope {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20679239}. Cytoplasm, cell cortex {ECO:0000269|PubMed:22327364}. Note=Localizes to microtubule plus ends (PubMed:17828277, PubMed:22777741, PubMed:25774020). Localizes preferentially to the ends of tyrosinated microtubules (PubMed:26972003). Localization at centrosome is regulated by SLK- dependent phosphorylation (PubMed:23985322). Localizes to centrosome in a PARKDA-dependent manner (PubMed:20719959). Localizes to the subdistal appendage region of the centriole in a KIF3A-dependent manner (PubMed:23386061). PLK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-179 is essential for its localization in the nuclear envelope (PubMed:20679239). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17828277, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20679239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20719959, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22777741, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23386061, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23985322, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25774020, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26972003}.

Tissue specificity: Brain.

Domain: The CAP-Gly domain is essential for interactions with microtubules and its binding partners and for its motion along the microtubules. Essential for its preferential binding to tyrosinated microtubules and for promoting the sustained interaction of the dynein motor with microtubules. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26968983, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26972003}.

Ptm: Ubiquitinated by a SCF complex containing FBXL5, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17532294}.

Ptm: Phosphorylation by SLK at Thr-145, Thr-146 and Thr-147 targets DCTN1 to the centrosome. It is uncertain if SLK phosphorylates all three threonines or one or two of them. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-179 is essential for its localization in the nuclear envelope, promotes its dissociation from microtubules during early mitosis and positively regulates nuclear envelope breakdown during prophase. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:20679239, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23985322}.

Disease: Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 7B (HMN7B) [MIM:607641]: A neuromuscular disorder. Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12627231, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16505168, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19136952, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19279216, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22777741}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [MIM:105400]: A neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include pallor of the corticospinal tract due to loss of motor neurons, presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions within surviving motor neurons, and deposition of pathologic aggregates. The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of the cases. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:15326253, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16240349}. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Disease: Perry syndrome (PERRYS) [MIM:168605]: A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by mental depression not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy, sleep disturbances, exhaustion and marked weight loss. Parkinsonism develops later and respiratory failure occurred terminally. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:19136952, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23874158, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24676999, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24881494, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26972003}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Similarity: Belongs to the dynactin 150 kDa subunit family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Plays a key role in dynein-mediated retrograde transport of vesicles and organelles along microtubules by recruiting and tethering dynein to microtubules. Binds to both dynein and microtubules providing a link between specific cargos, microtubules and dynein. Essential for targeting dynein to microtubule plus ends, recruiting dynein to membranous cargos and enhancing dynein processivity (the ability to move along a microtubule for a long distance without falling off the track). Can also act as a brake to slow the dynein motor during motility along the microtubule (PubMed:25185702). Can regulate microtubule stability by promoting microtubule formation, nucleation and polymerization and by inhibiting microtubule catastrophe in neurons. Inhibits microtubule catastrophe by binding both to microtubules and to tubulin, leading to enhanced microtubule stability along the axon (PubMed:23874158). Plays a role in metaphase spindle orientation (PubMed:22327364). Plays a role in centriole cohesion and subdistal appendage organization and function. Its recruitment to the centriole in a KIF3A-dependent manner is essential for the maintenance of centriole cohesion and the formation of subdistal appendage. Also required for microtubule anchoring at the mother centriole (PubMed:23386061). Plays a role in primary cilia formation (PubMed:25774020). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22327364, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23386061, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23874158, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25774020}.


Subunit:		Monomer and homodimer (PubMed:23874158). Dynactin is a large macromolecular complex of at least 10 components; p150(glued) binds directly to microtubules and to cytoplasmic dynein. Interacts with the C-terminus of MAPRE1, MAPRE2 and MAPRE3. Interacts (via C-terminus) with SNX6. Interacts with CLN3, DYNAP, ECPAS and FBXL5. Interacts with MISP; this interaction regulates its distribution at the cell cortex. Interacts with CEP131. Interacts with CEP126 (PubMed:24867236). Interacts with CLIP1 (PubMed:17828275, PubMed:17828277, PubMed:26972003, PubMed:20679239). Interacts with dynein intermediate chain and dynein heavy chain (PubMed:25185702). Interacts with PLK1 (via POLO-box domain) (PubMed:20679239). Interacts with TBCB (PubMed:22777741). Binds preferentially to tyrosinated microtubules than to detyrosinated microtubules (PubMed:26972003, PubMed:26968983). Interacts with PARD6A (PubMed:20719959). Interacts with HPS6 (PubMed:25189619). Interacts with KIF3A. Interacts with BICD2 (By similarity). Interacts with DST (isoform 9) (By similarity). Interacts with DST (isoform 1) (By similarity). Identified in a complex with MREG and RILP (By similarity). Interacts with BCCIP (isoform 2/alpha) (PubMed:28394342). Interacts with DCDC1 (PubMed:22159412). Interacts with AKNA (By similarity). Interacts with DYNC1I2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250\|UniProtKB:O08788, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14514668, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16109370, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16505168, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16949363, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17532294, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17828275, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17828277, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19935774, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20679239, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20682791, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20719959, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20978158, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22159412, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22261744, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22777741, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22797915, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23509069, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23874158, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24867236, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25189619, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26968983, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26972003, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:28394342}.
Subcellular location:		Cytoplasm {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17828277}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17828277, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22777741, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25774020, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26972003}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:14654843, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20719959, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23985322, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25774020}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, microtubule organizing center, centrosome, centriole {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23386061, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25774020}. Cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, spindle {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25774020}. Nucleus envelope {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20679239}. Cytoplasm, cell cortex {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22327364}. Note=Localizes to microtubule plus ends (PubMed:17828277, PubMed:22777741, PubMed:25774020). Localizes preferentially to the ends of tyrosinated microtubules (PubMed:26972003). Localization at centrosome is regulated by SLK- dependent phosphorylation (PubMed:23985322). Localizes to centrosome in a PARKDA-dependent manner (PubMed:20719959). Localizes to the subdistal appendage region of the centriole in a KIF3A-dependent manner (PubMed:23386061). PLK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-179 is essential for its localization in the nuclear envelope (PubMed:20679239). {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17828277, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20679239, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20719959, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22777741, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23386061, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23985322, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25774020, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26972003}.
Tissue specificity:		Brain.
Domain:		The CAP-Gly domain is essential for interactions with microtubules and its binding partners and for its motion along the microtubules. Essential for its preferential binding to tyrosinated microtubules and for promoting the sustained interaction of the dynein motor with microtubules. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26968983, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26972003}.
Ptm:		Ubiquitinated by a SCF complex containing FBXL5, leading to its degradation by the proteasome. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:17532294}.
Ptm:		Phosphorylation by SLK at Thr-145, Thr-146 and Thr-147 targets DCTN1 to the centrosome. It is uncertain if SLK phosphorylates all three threonines or one or two of them. PLK1-mediated phosphorylation at Ser-179 is essential for its localization in the nuclear envelope, promotes its dissociation from microtubules during early mitosis and positively regulates nuclear envelope breakdown during prophase. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:20679239, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23985322}.
Disease:		Neuronopathy, distal hereditary motor, 7B (HMN7B) [MIM:607641]: A neuromuscular disorder. Distal hereditary motor neuronopathies constitute a heterogeneous group of neuromuscular disorders caused by selective degeneration of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord, without sensory deficit in the posterior horn. The overall clinical picture consists of a classical distal muscular atrophy syndrome in the legs without clinical sensory loss. The disease starts with weakness and wasting of distal muscles of the anterior tibial and peroneal compartments of the legs. Later on, weakness and atrophy may expand to the proximal muscles of the lower limbs and/or to the distal upper limbs. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12627231, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16505168, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19136952, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19279216, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:22777741}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease:		Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) [MIM:105400]: A neurodegenerative disorder affecting upper motor neurons in the brain and lower motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord, resulting in fatal paralysis. Sensory abnormalities are absent. The pathologic hallmarks of the disease include pallor of the corticospinal tract due to loss of motor neurons, presence of ubiquitin-positive inclusions within surviving motor neurons, and deposition of pathologic aggregates. The etiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is likely to be multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The disease is inherited in 5-10% of the cases. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15326253, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16240349}. Note=Disease susceptibility is associated with variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Disease:		Perry syndrome (PERRYS) [MIM:168605]: A neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by mental depression not responsive to antidepressant drugs or electroconvulsive therapy, sleep disturbances, exhaustion and marked weight loss. Parkinsonism develops later and respiratory failure occurred terminally. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:19136952, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:23874158, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24676999, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:24881494, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:25185702, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:26972003}. Note=The disease is caused by variants affecting the gene represented in this entry.
Similarity:		Belongs to the dynactin 150 kDa subunit family. {ECO:0000305}.