UniProt functional annotation for P17096



	UniProt functional annotation for P17096

UniProt code: P17096.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: HMG-I/Y bind preferentially to the minor groove of A+T rich regions in double-stranded DNA. It is suggested that these proteins could function in nucleosome phasing and in the 3'-end processing of mRNA transcripts. They are also involved in the transcription regulation of genes containing, or in close proximity to A+T-rich regions.

Subunit: Interacts with HIPK2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.

Subcellular location: Nucleus. Chromosome.

Ptm: Constitutively phosphorylated on two or three sites. Hyperphosphorylated at early stages of apoptosis, followed by dephosphorylation and methylation, which coincides with chromatin condensation. Isoforms HMG-I and HMG-Y can be phosphorylated by HIPK2. Phosphorylation of HMG-I at Ser-36, Thr-53 and Thr-78 and of HMG-Y at Thr-42 and Thr-67 by HIPK2 modulates DNA-binding affinity. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12653562, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15835918}.

Ptm: HMG-Y is not methylated.

Ptm: Methylation at Arg-58 is mutually exclusive with methylation at Arg-60. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:16159886}.

Mass spectrometry: [Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11750; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl and 2 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15835918};

Mass spectrometry: [Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11828; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl and 3 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15835918};

Mass spectrometry: [Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11765; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 1 methyl and 2 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15835918};

Mass spectrometry: [Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11844; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 1 methyl and 3 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15835918};

Mass spectrometry: [Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11780; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 2 methyl and 2 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15835918};

Mass spectrometry: [Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11858; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 2 methyl and 3 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269|PubMed:15835918};

Disease: Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA1 is found in pulmonary chondroid hamartoma. Translocation t(6;14)(p21;q23-24) with RAD51B. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11978964}.

Similarity: Belongs to the HMGA family. {ECO:0000305}.

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		HMG-I/Y bind preferentially to the minor groove of A+T rich regions in double-stranded DNA. It is suggested that these proteins could function in nucleosome phasing and in the 3'-end processing of mRNA transcripts. They are also involved in the transcription regulation of genes containing, or in close proximity to A+T-rich regions.


Subunit:		Interacts with HIPK2 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250}.
Subcellular location:		Nucleus. Chromosome.
Ptm:		Constitutively phosphorylated on two or three sites. Hyperphosphorylated at early stages of apoptosis, followed by dephosphorylation and methylation, which coincides with chromatin condensation. Isoforms HMG-I and HMG-Y can be phosphorylated by HIPK2. Phosphorylation of HMG-I at Ser-36, Thr-53 and Thr-78 and of HMG-Y at Thr-42 and Thr-67 by HIPK2 modulates DNA-binding affinity. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:12653562, ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15835918}.
Ptm:		HMG-Y is not methylated.
Ptm:		Methylation at Arg-58 is mutually exclusive with methylation at Arg-60. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:16159886}.
Mass spectrometry:		[Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11750; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl and 2 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15835918};
Mass spectrometry:		[Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11828; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl and 3 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15835918};
Mass spectrometry:		[Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11765; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 1 methyl and 2 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15835918};
Mass spectrometry:		[Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11844; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 1 methyl and 3 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15835918};
Mass spectrometry:		[Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11780; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 2 methyl and 2 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15835918};
Mass spectrometry:		[Isoform HMG-I]: Mass=11858; Mass_error=12; Method=MALDI; Note=With 1 acetyl, 2 methyl and 3 phosphate groups. The measured range is 2-107.; Evidence={ECO:0000269\|PubMed:15835918};
Disease:		Note=A chromosomal aberration involving HMGA1 is found in pulmonary chondroid hamartoma. Translocation t(6;14)(p21;q23-24) with RAD51B. {ECO:0000269\|PubMed:11978964}.
Similarity:		Belongs to the HMGA family. {ECO:0000305}.