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PDBsum entry 2c2l

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protein ligands metals Protein-protein interface(s) links
Chaperone PDB id
2c2l

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chains
281 a.a. *
Ligands
ASP-THR-SER-ARG-
MET-GLU-GLU-VAL-
ASP
×4
SO4 ×7
Metals
_NI ×4
Waters ×10
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
2c2l
Name: Chaperone
Title: Crystal structure of the chip u-box e3 ubiquitin ligase
Structure: Carboxy terminus of hsp70-interacting protein. Chain: a, b, c, d. Synonym: chip. Engineered: yes. Hsp90. Chain: e, f, g, h. Fragment: c-terminal peptide, unp residues 414-422. Engineered: yes
Source: Mus musculus. Mouse. Organism_taxid: 10090. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562. Synthetic: yes. Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606
Biol. unit: Dimer (from PDB file)
Resolution:
3.30Å     R-factor:   0.248     R-free:   0.286
Authors: M.Zhang,S.M.Roe,L.H.Pearl
Key ref:
M.Zhang et al. (2005). Chaperoned ubiquitylation--crystal structures of the CHIP U box E3 ubiquitin ligase and a CHIP-Ubc13-Uev1a complex. Mol Cell, 20, 525-538. PubMed id: 16307917 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.09.023
Date:
29-Sep-05     Release date:   23-Nov-05    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q9WUD1  (CHIP_MOUSE) -  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase CHIP from Mus musculus
Seq:
Struc:
304 a.a.
281 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 1 residue position (black cross)

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: E.C.2.3.2.27  - RING-type E3 ubiquitin transferase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: S-ubiquitinyl-[E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + [acceptor protein]-L-lysine = [E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme]-L-cysteine + N6- ubiquitinyl-[acceptor protein]-L-lysine

 

 
DOI no: 10.1016/j.molcel.2005.09.023 Mol Cell 20:525-538 (2005)
PubMed id: 16307917  
 
 
Chaperoned ubiquitylation--crystal structures of the CHIP U box E3 ubiquitin ligase and a CHIP-Ubc13-Uev1a complex.
M.Zhang, M.Windheim, S.M.Roe, M.Peggie, P.Cohen, C.Prodromou, L.H.Pearl.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
CHIP is a dimeric U box E3 ubiquitin ligase that binds Hsp90 and/or Hsp70 via its TPR-domain, facilitating ubiquitylation of chaperone bound client proteins. We have determined the crystal structure of CHIP bound to an Hsp90 C-terminal decapeptide. The structure explains how CHIP associates with either chaperone type and reveals an unusual asymmetric homodimer in which the protomers adopt radically different conformations. Additionally, we identified CHIP as a functional partner of Ubc13-Uev1a in formation of Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains, extending CHIP's roles into ubiquitin regulation as well as targeted destruction. The structure of Ubc13-Uev1a bound to the CHIP U box domain defines the basis for selective cooperation of CHIP with specific ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Remarkably, the asymmetric arrangement of the TPR domains in the CHIP dimer occludes one Ubc binding site, so that CHIP operates with half-of-sites activity, providing an elegant means for coupling a dimeric chaperone to a single ubiquitylation system.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Architecture of the CHIP Homodimer
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Asymmetric Disposition of TPR Domains
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Cell Press: Mol Cell (2005, 20, 525-538) copyright 2005.  
  Figures were selected by an automated process.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
22842904 A.Plechanovová, E.G.Jaffray, M.H.Tatham, J.H.Naismith, and R.T.Hay (2012).
Structure of a RING E3 ligase and ubiquitin-loaded E2 primed for catalysis.
  Nature, 489, 115-120.
PDB code: 4ap4
22266821 H.Dou, L.Buetow, A.Hock, G.J.Sibbet, K.H.Vousden, and D.T.Huang (2012).
Structural basis for autoinhibition and phosphorylation-dependent activation of c-Cbl.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 19, 184-192.
PDB codes: 2y1m 2y1n 4a49 4a4b 4a4c
21857666 A.Plechanovová, E.G.Jaffray, S.A.McMahon, K.A.Johnson, I.Navrátilová, J.H.Naismith, and R.T.Hay (2011).
Mechanism of ubiquitylation by dimeric RING ligase RNF4.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 18, 1052-1059.
PDB code: 2xeu
21056617 A.Salminen, J.Ojala, K.Kaarniranta, M.Hiltunen, and H.Soininen (2011).
Hsp90 regulates tau pathology through co-chaperone complexes in Alzheimer's disease.
  Prog Neurobiol, 93, 99.  
21183720 G.E.Karagöz, A.M.Duarte, H.Ippel, C.Uetrecht, T.Sinnige, M.van Rosmalen, J.Hausmann, A.J.Heck, R.Boelens, and S.G.Rüdiger (2011).
N-terminal domain of human Hsp90 triggers binding to the cochaperone p23.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 108, 580-585.  
21204785 H.Smith, X.Y.Liu, L.Dai, E.T.Goh, A.T.Chan, J.Xi, C.C.Seh, I.A.Qureshi, J.Lescar, C.Ruedl, R.Gourlay, S.Morton, J.Hough, E.G.McIver, P.Cohen, and P.C.Cheung (2011).
The role of TBK1 and IKKϵ in the expression and activation of Pellino 1.
  Biochem J, 434, 537-548.  
21229326 Y.Zhang, X.Zhou, L.Zhao, C.Li, H.Zhu, L.Xu, L.Shan, X.Liao, Z.Guo, and P.Huang (2011).
UBE2W interacts with FANCL and regulates the monoubiquitination of fanconi anemia protein FANCD2.
  Mol Cells, 31, 113-122.  
20154706 A.R.Cole, L.P.Lewis, and H.Walden (2010).
The structure of the catalytic subunit FANCL of the Fanconi anemia core complex.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 17, 294-298.
PDB code: 3k1l
21158740 D.M.Wenzel, K.E.Stoll, and R.E.Klevit (2010).
E2s: structurally economical and functionally replete.
  Biochem J, 433, 31-42.  
20651708 H.H.Kampinga, and E.A.Craig (2010).
The HSP70 chaperone machinery: J proteins as drivers of functional specificity.
  Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 11, 579-592.  
20184891 J.Tao, K.Petrova, D.Ron, and B.Sha (2010).
Crystal structure of P58(IPK) TPR fragment reveals the mechanism for its molecular chaperone activity in UPR.
  J Mol Biol, 397, 1307-1315.
PDB code: 3ieg
20017557 K.A.Nordquist, Y.N.Dimitrova, P.S.Brzovic, W.B.Ridenour, K.A.Munro, S.E.Soss, R.M.Caprioli, R.E.Klevit, and W.J.Chazin (2010).
Structural and functional characterization of the monomeric U-box domain from E4B.
  Biochemistry, 49, 347-355.
PDB code: 2kr4
19913553 L.Kundrat, and L.Regan (2010).
Identification of residues on Hsp70 and Hsp90 ubiquitinated by the cochaperone CHIP.
  J Mol Biol, 395, 587-594.  
19373243 P.D.Mace, S.Shirley, and C.L.Day (2010).
Assembling the building blocks: structure and function of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins.
  Cell Death Differ, 17, 46-53.  
20131003 Q.Huang, and M.E.Figueiredo-Pereira (2010).
Ubiquitin/proteasome pathway impairment in neurodegeneration: therapeutic implications.
  Apoptosis, 15, 1292-1311.  
20696396 R.C.Benirschke, J.R.Thompson, Y.Nominé, E.Wasielewski, N.Juranić, S.Macura, S.Hatakeyama, K.I.Nakayama, M.V.Botuyan, and G.Mer (2010).
Molecular basis for the association of human E4B U box ubiquitin ligase with E2-conjugating enzymes UbcH5c and Ubc4.
  Structure, 18, 955-965.
PDB codes: 2kre 3l1x 3l1y 3l1z
20525307 S.Matsunaga, K.Matsuoka, K.Shimizu, Y.Endo, and T.Sawasaki (2010).
Biotinylated-sortase self-cleavage purification (BISOP) method for cell-free produced proteins.
  BMC Biotechnol, 10, 42.  
20924358 S.Yan, X.Sun, B.Xiang, H.Cang, X.Kang, Y.Chen, H.Li, G.Shi, E.T.Yeh, B.Wang, X.Wang, and J.Yi (2010).
Redox regulation of the stability of the SUMO protease SENP3 via interactions with CHIP and Hsp90.
  EMBO J, 29, 3773-3786.  
20588253 T.Maruyama, H.Kadowaki, N.Okamoto, A.Nagai, I.Naguro, A.Matsuzawa, H.Shibuya, K.Tanaka, S.Murata, K.Takeda, H.Nishitoh, and H.Ichijo (2010).
CHIP-dependent termination of MEKK2 regulates temporal ERK activation required for proper hyperosmotic response.
  EMBO J, 29, 2501-2514.  
20595578 T.Okiyoneda, H.Barrière, M.Bagdány, W.M.Rabeh, K.Du, J.Höhfeld, J.C.Young, and G.L.Lukacs (2010).
Peripheral protein quality control removes unfolded CFTR from the plasma membrane.
  Science, 329, 805-810.  
  21113398 T.P.Yao (2010).
The role of ubiquitin in autophagy-dependent protein aggregate processing.
  Genes Cancer, 1, 779-786.  
19748360 A.A.Yunus, and C.D.Lima (2009).
Structure of the Siz/PIAS SUMO E3 ligase Siz1 and determinants required for SUMO modification of PCNA.
  Mol Cell, 35, 669-682.
PDB code: 3i2d
19712108 D.E.Christensen, and R.E.Klevit (2009).
Dynamic interactions of proteins in complex networks: identifying the complete set of interacting E2s for functional investigation of E3-dependent protein ubiquitination.
  FEBS J, 276, 5381-5389.  
19101823 G.Liu, F.Forouhar, A.Eletsky, H.S.Atreya, J.M.Aramini, R.Xiao, Y.J.Huang, M.Abashidze, J.Seetharaman, J.Liu, B.Rost, T.Acton, G.T.Montelione, J.F.Hunt, and T.Szyperski (2009).
NMR and X-RAY structures of human E2-like ubiquitin-fold modifier conjugating enzyme 1 (UFC1) reveal structural and functional conservation in the metazoan UFM1-UBA5-UFC1 ubiquination pathway.
  J Struct Funct Genomics, 10, 127-136.
PDB codes: 2k07 3e2g 3evx
19264966 H.Smith, M.Peggie, D.G.Campbell, F.Vandermoere, E.Carrick, and P.Cohen (2009).
Identification of the phosphorylation sites on the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino that are critical for activation by IRAK1 and IRAK4.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 4584-4590.  
19340006 J.A.Marteijn, L.T.van der Meer, J.J.Smit, S.M.Noordermeer, W.Wissink, P.Jansen, H.G.Swarts, R.G.Hibbert, T.de Witte, T.K.Sixma, J.H.Jansen, and B.A.van der Reijden (2009).
The ubiquitin ligase Triad1 inhibits myelopoiesis through UbcH7 and Ubc13 interacting domains.
  Leukemia, 23, 1480-1489.  
19581297 J.Li, X.Qian, J.Hu, and B.Sha (2009).
Molecular chaperone Hsp70/Hsp90 prepares the mitochondrial outer membrane translocon receptor Tom71 for preprotein loading.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 23852-23859.
PDB codes: 3fp2 3fp3 3fp4
19633697 N.Zhang, R.Kaur, S.Akhter, and R.J.Legerski (2009).
Cdc5L interacts with ATR and is required for the S-phase cell-cycle checkpoint.
  EMBO Rep, 10, 1029-1035.  
19465916 Q.Yin, S.C.Lin, B.Lamothe, M.Lu, Y.C.Lo, G.Hura, L.Zheng, R.L.Rich, A.D.Campos, D.G.Myszka, M.J.Lenardo, B.G.Darnay, and H.Wu (2009).
E2 interaction and dimerization in the crystal structure of TRAF6.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 16, 658-666.
PDB codes: 3hcs 3hct 3hcu
19489725 R.J.Deshaies, and C.A.Joazeiro (2009).
RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligases.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 78, 399-434.  
19648119 S.B.Qian, L.Waldron, N.Choudhary, R.E.Klevit, W.J.Chazin, and C.Patterson (2009).
Engineering a ubiquitin ligase reveals conformational flexibility required for ubiquitin transfer.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 26797-26802.  
19536328 X.Ding, and M.S.Goldberg (2009).
Regulation of LRRK2 stability by the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP.
  PLoS One, 4, e5949.  
19748359 X.Duan, P.Sarangi, X.Liu, G.K.Rangi, X.Zhao, and H.Ye (2009).
Structural and functional insights into the roles of the Mms21 subunit of the Smc5/6 complex.
  Mol Cell, 35, 657-668.
PDB code: 3htk
19851334 Y.Ye, and M.Rape (2009).
Building ubiquitin chains: E2 enzymes at work.
  Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 10, 755-764.  
18599482 B.J.Winborn, S.M.Travis, S.V.Todi, K.M.Scaglione, P.Xu, A.J.Williams, R.E.Cohen, J.Peng, and H.L.Paulson (2008).
The deubiquitinating enzyme ataxin-3, a polyglutamine disease protein, edits Lys63 linkages in mixed linkage ubiquitin chains.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 26436-26443.  
18799573 C.R.Langelier, V.Sandrin, D.M.Eckert, D.E.Christensen, V.Chandrasekaran, S.L.Alam, C.Aiken, J.C.Olsen, A.K.Kar, J.G.Sodroski, and W.I.Sundquist (2008).
Biochemical characterization of a recombinant TRIM5alpha protein that restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication.
  J Virol, 82, 11682-11694.  
17803240 D.Han, K.Kim, J.Oh, J.Park, and Y.Kim (2008).
TPR domain of NrfG mediates complex formation between heme lyase and formate-dependent nitrite reductase in Escherichia coli O157:H7.
  Proteins, 70, 900-914.
PDB code: 2e2e
18264111 D.T.Huang, M.Zhuang, O.Ayrault, and B.A.Schulman (2008).
Identification of conjugation specificity determinants unmasks vestigial preference for ubiquitin within the NEDD8 E2.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 15, 280-287.  
18313385 J.L.Parsons, P.S.Tait, D.Finch, I.I.Dianova, S.L.Allinson, and G.L.Dianov (2008).
CHIP-mediated degradation and DNA damage-dependent stabilization regulate base excision repair proteins.
  Mol Cell, 29, 477-487.  
18219319 K.Linke, P.D.Mace, C.A.Smith, D.L.Vaux, J.Silke, and C.L.Day (2008).
Structure of the MDM2/MDMX RING domain heterodimer reveals dimerization is required for their ubiquitylation in trans.
  Cell Death Differ, 15, 841-848.
PDB codes: 2vje 2vjf
19043203 M.Minakawa, T.Sone, T.Takeuchi, and H.Yokosawa (2008).
Regulation of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB pathway by ISGylation.
  Biol Pharm Bull, 31, 2223-2227.  
17634984 M.Palaiomylitou, A.Tartas, D.Vlachakis, D.Tzamarias, and M.Vlassi (2008).
Investigating the structural stability of the Tup1-interaction domain of Ssn6: evidence for a conformational change on the complex.
  Proteins, 70, 72-82.  
18678647 M.S.Huen, J.Huang, J.Yuan, M.Yamamoto, S.Akira, C.Ashley, W.Xiao, and J.Chen (2008).
Noncanonical E2 variant-independent function of UBC13 in promoting checkpoint protein assembly.
  Mol Cell Biol, 28, 6104-6112.  
18818696 M.Zhang, M.Botër, K.Li, Y.Kadota, B.Panaretou, C.Prodromou, K.Shirasu, and L.H.Pearl (2008).
Structural and functional coupling of Hsp90- and Sgt1-centred multi-protein complexes.
  EMBO J, 27, 2789-2798.
PDB code: 2jki
18545708 N.Ponts, J.Yang, D.W.Chung, J.Prudhomme, T.Girke, P.Horrocks, and K.G.Le Roch (2008).
Deciphering the ubiquitin-mediated pathway in apicomplexan parasites: a potential strategy to interfere with parasite virulence.
  PLoS ONE, 3, e2386.  
18784070 P.D.Mace, K.Linke, R.Feltham, F.R.Schumacher, C.A.Smith, D.L.Vaux, J.Silke, and C.L.Day (2008).
Structures of the cIAP2 RING Domain Reveal Conformational Changes Associated with Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzyme (E2) Recruitment.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 31633-31640.
PDB codes: 3eb5 3eb6
18412542 S.H.Millson, C.K.Vaughan, C.Zhai, M.M.Ali, B.Panaretou, P.W.Piper, L.H.Pearl, and C.Prodromou (2008).
Chaperone ligand-discrimination by the TPR-domain protein Tah1.
  Biochem J, 413, 261-268.  
18284575 T.Kubori, A.Hyakutake, and H.Nagai (2008).
Legionella translocates an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has multiple U-boxes with distinct functions.
  Mol Microbiol, 67, 1307-1319.  
18997779 Y.Zhu, H.Li, L.Hu, J.Wang, Y.Zhou, Z.Pang, L.Liu, and F.Shao (2008).
Structure of a Shigella effector reveals a new class of ubiquitin ligases.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 15, 1302-1308.
PDB code: 3cvr
18485199 Z.Xu, E.Kohli, K.I.Devlin, M.Bold, J.C.Nix, and S.Misra (2008).
Interactions between the quality control ubiquitin ligase CHIP and ubiquitin conjugating enzymes.
  BMC Struct Biol, 8, 26.
PDB code: 2oxq
17257058 A.Angot, A.Vergunst, S.Genin, and N.Peeters (2007).
Exploitation of eukaryotic ubiquitin signaling pathways by effectors translocated by bacterial type III and type IV secretion systems.
  PLoS Pathog, 3, e3.  
17919899 A.D.Capili, and C.D.Lima (2007).
Taking it step by step: mechanistic insights from structural studies of ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like protein modification pathways.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 17, 726-735.  
17477837 B.T.Dye, and B.A.Schulman (2007).
Structural mechanisms underlying posttranslational modification by ubiquitin-like proteins.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 36, 131-150.  
17873885 D.E.Christensen, P.S.Brzovic, and R.E.Klevit (2007).
E2-BRCA1 RING interactions dictate synthesis of mono- or specific polyubiquitin chain linkages.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 14, 941-948.  
17475278 D.M.Duda, R.C.van Waardenburg, L.A.Borg, S.McGarity, A.Nourse, M.B.Waddell, M.A.Bjornsti, and B.A.Schulman (2007).
Structure of a SUMO-binding-motif mimic bound to Smt3p-Ubc9p: conservation of a non-covalent ubiquitin-like protein-E2 complex as a platform for selective interactions within a SUMO pathway.
  J Mol Biol, 369, 619-630.
PDB code: 2eke
17890322 D.Tu, W.Li, Y.Ye, and A.T.Brunger (2007).
Inaugural Article: Structure and function of the yeast U-box-containing ubiquitin ligase Ufd2p.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 15599-15606.
PDB codes: 2qiz 2qj0
17178836 E.Kamynina, K.Kauppinen, F.Duan, N.Muakkassa, and D.Manor (2007).
Regulation of proto-oncogenic dbl by chaperone-controlled, ubiquitin-mediated degradation.
  Mol Cell Biol, 27, 1809-1822.  
17426036 H.T.Kim, K.P.Kim, F.Lledias, A.F.Kisselev, K.M.Scaglione, D.Skowyra, S.P.Gygi, and A.L.Goldberg (2007).
Certain pairs of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) and ubiquitin-protein ligases (E3s) synthesize nondegradable forked ubiquitin chains containing all possible isopeptide linkages.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 17375-17386.  
17545168 M.F.Rosser, E.Washburn, P.J.Muchowski, C.Patterson, and D.M.Cyr (2007).
Chaperone functions of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 22267-22277.  
17933515 P.Knipscheer, and T.K.Sixma (2007).
Protein-protein interactions regulate Ubl conjugation.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 17, 665-673.  
17327397 P.Mercier, M.J.Lewis, D.D.Hau, L.F.Saltibus, W.Xiao, and L.Spyracopoulos (2007).
Structure, interactions, and dynamics of the RING domain from human TRAF6.
  Protein Sci, 16, 602-614.
PDB code: 2jmd
17301054 R.K.Singh, S.Iyappan, and M.Scheffner (2007).
Hetero-oligomerization with MdmX rescues the ubiquitin/Nedd8 ligase activity of RING finger mutants of Mdm2.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 10901-10907.  
17720710 V.Notenboom, R.G.Hibbert, S.E.van Rossum-Fikkert, J.V.Olsen, M.Mann, and T.K.Sixma (2007).
Functional characterization of Rad18 domains for Rad6, ubiquitin, DNA binding and PCNA modification.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 5819-5830.  
17276391 X.Lu, and R.J.Legerski (2007).
The Prp19/Pso4 core complex undergoes ubiquitylation and structural alterations in response to DNA damage.
  Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 354, 968-974.  
17009921 E.M.Hol, D.F.Fischer, H.Ovaa, and W.Scheper (2006).
Ubiquitin proteasome system as a pharmacological target in neurodegeneration.
  Expert Rev Neurother, 6, 1337-1347.  
16710298 G.Buchwald, P.van der Stoop, O.Weichenrieder, A.Perrakis, M.van Lohuizen, and T.K.Sixma (2006).
Structure and E3-ligase activity of the Ring-Ring complex of polycomb proteins Bmi1 and Ring1b.
  EMBO J, 25, 2465-2474.
PDB code: 2ckl
16831871 I.Al-Ramahi, Y.C.Lam, H.K.Chen, B.de Gouyon, M.Zhang, A.M.Pérez, J.Branco, M.de Haro, C.Patterson, H.Y.Zoghbi, and J.Botas (2006).
CHIP protects from the neurotoxicity of expanded and wild-type ataxin-1 and promotes their ubiquitination and degradation.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 26714-26724.  
16756493 L.H.Pearl, and C.Prodromou (2006).
Structure and mechanism of the Hsp90 molecular chaperone machinery.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 75, 271-294.  
16531226 M.J.Cliff, R.Harris, D.Barford, J.E.Ladbury, and M.A.Williams (2006).
Conformational diversity in the TPR domain-mediated interaction of protein phosphatase 5 with Hsp90.
  Structure, 14, 415-426.
PDB code: 2bug
17035235 O.A.Bazirgan, R.M.Garza, and R.Y.Hampton (2006).
Determinants of RING-E2 fidelity for Hrd1p, a membrane-anchored ubiquitin ligase.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 38989-39001.  
17061133 O.Kaplan, V.Vejvoda, O.Plíhal, P.Pompach, D.Kavan, P.Bojarová, K.Bezouska, M.Macková, M.Cantarella, V.Jirků, V.Kren, and L.Martínková (2006).
Purification and characterization of a nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10.
  Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 73, 567-575.  
16757944 P.Knipscheer, and T.K.Sixma (2006).
Divide and conquer: the E2 active site.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 13, 474-476.  
16682404 R.F.Nelson, K.A.Glenn, V.M.Miller, H.Wen, and H.L.Paulson (2006).
A novel route for F-box protein-mediated ubiquitination links CHIP to glycoprotein quality control.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 20242-20251.  
16337587 B.A.Schulman, and Z.J.Chen (2005).
Protein ubiquitination: CHIPping away the symmetry.
  Mol Cell, 20, 653-655.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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