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PDBsum entry 1tro

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protein dna_rna ligands Protein-protein interface(s) links
Transcription/DNA PDB id
1tro

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chains
104 a.a. *
99 a.a. *
DNA/RNA
Ligands
TRP ×4
Waters ×572
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1tro
Name: Transcription/DNA
Title: Crystal structure of trp repressor operator complex at atomic resolution
Structure: DNA (5'- d( Tp Gp Tp Ap Cp Tp Ap Gp Tp Tp Ap Ap Cp Tp Ap Gp T p Ap C)-3'). Chain: i, j, k, l. Engineered: yes. Protein (trp repressor). Chain: a, c, e, g
Source: Synthetic: yes. Escherichia coli str. K12 substr.. Organism_taxid: 316407. Strain: w3110
Biol. unit: Tetramer (from PQS)
Resolution:
1.90Å     R-factor:   0.167    
Authors: Z.Otwinowski,R.W.Schevitz,R.-G.Zhang,C.L.Lawson,A.Joachimiak, R.Marmorstein,B.F.Luisi,P.B.Sigler
Key ref: Z.Otwinowski et al. (1988). Crystal structure of trp repressor/operator complex at atomic resolution. Nature, 335, 321-329. PubMed id: 3419502
Date:
30-Aug-92     Release date:   31-Jan-94    
PROCHECK
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 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P0A881  (TRPR_ECOLI) -  Trp operon repressor from Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Seq:
Struc:
108 a.a.
104 a.a.*
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P0A881  (TRPR_ECOLI) -  Trp operon repressor from Escherichia coli (strain K12)
Seq:
Struc:
108 a.a.
99 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 2 residue positions (black crosses)

DNA/RNA chains
  T-G-T-A-C-T-A-G-T-T-A-A-C-T-A-G-T-A-C 19 bases
  T-G-T-A-C-T-A-G-T-T-A-A-C-T-A-G-T-A-C 19 bases
  T-G-T-A-C-T-A-G-T-T-A-A-C-T-A-G-T-A-C 19 bases
  T-G-T-A-C-T-A-G-T-T-A-A-C-T-A-G-T-A-C 19 bases

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: Chains A, C, E, G: E.C.?
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]

 

 
Nature 335:321-329 (1988)
PubMed id: 3419502  
 
 
Crystal structure of trp repressor/operator complex at atomic resolution.
Z.Otwinowski, R.W.Schevitz, R.G.Zhang, C.L.Lawson, A.Joachimiak, R.Q.Marmorstein, B.F.Luisi, P.B.Sigler.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The crystal structure of the trp repressor/operator complex shows an extensive contact surface, including 24 direct and 6 solvent-mediated hydrogen bonds to the phosphate groups of the DNA. There are no direct hydrogen bonds or non-polar contacts to the bases that can explain the repressor's specificity for the operator sequence. Rather, the sequence seems to be recognized indirectly through its effects on the geometry of the phosphate backbone, which in turn permits the formation of a stable interface. Water-mediated polar contacts to the bases also appear to contribute part of the specificity.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

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PDB code: 3odh
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PDB code: 3fsh
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Nonlinear effects in the torsional adjustment of interacting DNA.
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The role of water in protein-DNA recognition.
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E. coli trp repressor forms a domain-swapped array in aqueous alcohol.
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PDB code: 1mi7
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Analyzing protein-DNA recognition mechanisms.
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Crystal structure of the Mor protein of bacteriophage Mu, a member of the Mor/C family of transcription activators.
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PDB code: 1rr7
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AANT: the Amino Acid-Nucleotide Interaction Database.
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Dynamics of water molecules buried in cavities of apolipoprotein E studied by molecular dynamics simulations and continuum electrostatic calculations.
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Shape-selective RNA recognition by cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase.
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PDB code: 1u0b
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Solvation of nucleosides in aqueous mixtures of organic solvents: relevance to DNA open basepairs.
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Comparing the fine specificity of DNA binding by NF-kappaB p50 and p52 using principal coordinates analysis.
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Conservation of structure and function among tyrosine recombinases: homology-based modeling of the lambda integrase core-binding domain.
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PDB code: 1m97
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Regulation of biosynthesis and transport of aromatic amino acids in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria.
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A specificity switch in selected cre recombinase variants is mediated by macromolecular plasticity and water.
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PDB codes: 1pvp 1pvq 1pvr
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Crystal structure of tRNA(m1G37)methyltransferase: insights into tRNA recognition.
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PDB codes: 1uaj 1uak 1ual 1uam
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Features of a Smad3 MH1-DNA complex. Roles of water and zinc in DNA binding.
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PDB code: 1ozj
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Solution measurement of DNA curvature in papillomavirus E2 binding sites.
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PDB codes: 1ijw 1ik2 1ikz 1il7 1ili 1jj6 1jj8 1jko 1jkp 1jkq 1jkr
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Direct and indirect readout in mutant Met repressor-operator complexes.
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PDB codes: 1mj2 1mjm 1mjo 1mjp 1mjq
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One nanosecond molecular dynamics simulation of the N-terminal domain of the lambda repressor protein.
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PDB code: 1dc0
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Mutational analysis of conserved residues in the putative DNA-binding domain of the response regulator Spo0A of Bacillus subtilis.
  J Bacteriol, 182, 6975-6982.  
10727231 S.Deb, S.Bandyopadhyay, and S.Roy (2000).
DNA sequence dependent and independent conformational changes in multipartite operator recognition by lambda-repressor.
  Biochemistry, 39, 3377-3383.  
10757986 T.Searls, D.L.Chen, T.Lan, and L.W.McLaughlin (2000).
Nucleoside analogue substitutions in the trinucleotide DNA template recognition sequence 3'-(CTG)-5' and their effects on the activity of bacteriophage T7 primase.
  Biochemistry, 39, 4375-4382.  
10660288 Y.Muto, C.Oubridge, and K.Nagai (2000).
RNA-binding proteins: TRAPping RNA bases.
  Curr Biol, 10, R19-R21.  
10388766 A.Pichler, S.Rüdisser, M.Mitterböck, C.G.Huber, R.H.Winger, K.R.Liedl, A.Hallbrucker, and E.Mayer (1999).
Unexpected BII conformer substate population in unoriented hydrated films of the d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 dodecamer and of native B-DNA from salmon testes.
  Biophys J, 77, 398-409.  
10410794 C.Wolberger (1999).
Multiprotein-DNA complexes in transcriptional regulation.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 28, 29-56.  
  10074170 F.M.van den Ent, A.Vos, and R.H.Plasterk (1999).
Dissecting the role of the N-terminal domain of human immunodeficiency virus integrase by trans-complementation analysis.
  J Virol, 73, 3176-3183.  
10329775 G.Savitha, and M.A.Viswamitra (1999).
An A-DNA structure with two independent duplexes in the asymmetric unit.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 55, 1136-1143.
PDB code: 414d
10647173 J.Janin (1999).
Wet and dry interfaces: the role of solvent in protein-protein and protein-DNA recognition.
  Structure, 7, R277-R279.  
10026283 K.Nadassy, S.J.Wodak, and J.Janin (1999).
Structural features of protein-nucleic acid recognition sites.
  Biochemistry, 38, 1999-2017.  
10518785 M.Jeeves, P.D.Evans, R.A.Parslow, M.Jaseja, and E.I.Hyde (1999).
Studies of the Escherichia coli Trp repressor binding to its five operators and to variant operator sequences.
  Eur J Biochem, 265, 919-928.  
  10322039 M.N.Alekshun, and S.B.Levy (1999).
Characterization of MarR superrepressor mutants.
  J Bacteriol, 181, 3303-3306.  
  10386877 M.P.Brown, A.O.Grillo, M.Boyer, and C.A.Royer (1999).
Probing the role of water in the tryptophan repressor-operator complex.
  Protein Sci, 8, 1276-1285.  
9988771 M.Reuter, J.Schneider-Mergener, D.Kupper, A.Meisel, P.Mackeldanz, D.H.Krüger, and C.Schroeder (1999).
Regions of endonuclease EcoRII involved in DNA target recognition identified by membrane-bound peptide repertoires.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 5213-5221.  
10446123 M.Soler-López, L.Malinina, J.Liu, T.Huynh-Dinh, and J.A.Subirana (1999).
Water and ions in a high resolution structure of B-DNA.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 23683-23686.
PDB code: 475d
10570130 O.Littlefield, Y.Korkhin, and P.B.Sigler (1999).
The structural basis for the oriented assembly of a TBP/TFB/promoter complex.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 13668-13673.
PDB code: 1d3u
10079770 R.Gurlie, T.H.Duong, and K.Zakrzewska (1999).
The role of DNA-protein salt bridges in molecular recognition: a model study.
  Biopolymers, 49, 313-327.  
10562565 S.Eiler, A.Dock-Bregeon, L.Moulinier, J.C.Thierry, and D.Moras (1999).
Synthesis of aspartyl-tRNA(Asp) in Escherichia coli--a snapshot of the second step.
  EMBO J, 18, 6532-6541.
PDB code: 1c0a
10512803 S.Sen, and L.Nilsson (1999).
Structure, interaction, dynamics and solvent effects on the DNA-EcoRI complex in aqueous solution from molecular dynamics simulation.
  Biophys J, 77, 1782-1800.  
10479730 T.V.Chalikian, J.Völker, A.R.Srinivasan, W.K.Olson, and K.J.Breslauer (1999).
The hydration of nucleic acid duplexes as assessed by a combination of volumetric and structural techniques.
  Biopolymers, 50, 459-471.  
10090749 T.Wang, M.Balakrishnan, and C.B.Jonsson (1999).
Major and minor groove contacts in retroviral integrase-LTR interactions.
  Biochemistry, 38, 3624-3632.  
9564052 C.Mayer-Jung, D.Moras, and Y.Timsit (1998).
Hydration and recognition of methylated CpG steps in DNA.
  EMBO J, 17, 2709-2718.
PDB codes: 382d 383d 384d
9482860 C.R.Robinson, and S.G.Sligar (1998).
Changes in solvation during DNA binding and cleavage are critical to altered specificity of the EcoRI endonuclease.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 2186-2191.  
9843415 D.J.King, D.A.Ventura, A.R.Brasier, and D.G.Gorenstein (1998).
Novel combinatorial selection of phosphorothioate oligonucleotide aptamers.
  Biochemistry, 37, 16489-16493.  
10384273 D.Reinberg, G.Orphanides, R.Ebright, S.Akoulitchev, J.Carcamo, H.Cho, P.Cortes, R.Drapkin, O.Flores, I.Ha, J.A.Inostroza, S.Kim, T.K.Kim, P.Kumar, T.Lagrange, G.LeRoy, H.Lu, D.M.Ma, E.Maldonado, A.Merino, F.Mermelstein, I.Olave, M.Sheldon, R.Shiekhattar, and L.Zawel (1998).
The RNA polymerase II general transcription factors: past, present, and future.
  Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 63, 83.  
9788911 J.Woda, B.Schneider, K.Patel, K.Mistry, and H.M.Berman (1998).
An analysis of the relationship between hydration and protein-DNA interactions.
  Biophys J, 75, 2170-2177.  
9591674 L.Malinina, V.Tereshko, E.Ivanova, J.A.Subirana, V.Zarytova, and Y.Nekrasov (1998).
Structural variability and new intermolecular interactions of Z-DNA in crystals of d(pCpGpCpGpCpG).
  Biophys J, 74, 2482-2490.
PDB codes: 390d 391d 392d
9628859 M.A.Schumacher, D.Carter, D.M.Scott, D.S.Roos, B.Ullman, and R.G.Brennan (1998).
Crystal structures of Toxoplasma gondii uracil phosphoribosyltransferase reveal the atomic basis of pyrimidine discrimination and prodrug binding.
  EMBO J, 17, 3219-3232.
PDB codes: 1bd3 1bd4 1upf 1upu
9817850 M.Feig, and B.M.Pettitt (1998).
Crystallographic water sites from a theoretical perspective.
  Structure, 6, 1351-1354.  
  9655343 N.Potier, L.J.Donald, I.Chernushevich, A.Ayed, W.Ens, C.H.Arrowsmith, K.G.Standing, and H.W.Duckworth (1998).
Study of a noncovalent trp repressor: DNA operator complex by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
  Protein Sci, 7, 1388-1395.  
  9792092 P.C.Sanschagrin, and L.A.Kuhn (1998).
Cluster analysis of consensus water sites in thrombin and trypsin shows conservation between serine proteases and contributions to ligand specificity.
  Protein Sci, 7, 2054-2064.  
9518483 R.E.Dickerson (1998).
DNA bending: the prevalence of kinkiness and the virtues of normality.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 1906-1926.  
9570398 S.G.Mackintosh, P.F.McDermott, and B.K.Hurlburt (1998).
Mutational analysis of the NH2-terminal arms of the trp repressor indicates a multifunctional domain.
  Mol Microbiol, 27, 1119-1127.  
9928479 S.Karlin, A.M.Campbell, and J.Mrázek (1998).
Comparative DNA analysis across diverse genomes.
  Annu Rev Genet, 32, 185-225.  
9493396 S.Neidle, and C.M.Nunn (1998).
Crystal structures of nucleic acids and their drug complexes.
  Nat Prod Rep, 15, 1.  
  9420329 T.Lagrange, A.N.Kapanidis, H.Tang, D.Reinberg, and R.H.Ebright (1998).
New core promoter element in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription: sequence-specific DNA binding by transcription factor IIB.
  Genes Dev, 12, 34-44.  
9562563 V.L.Rath, L.F.Silvian, B.Beijer, B.S.Sproat, and T.A.Steitz (1998).
How glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase selects glutamine.
  Structure, 6, 439-449.
PDB code: 1qtq
9736707 W.K.Olson, A.A.Gorin, X.J.Lu, L.M.Hock, and V.B.Zhurkin (1998).
DNA sequence-dependent deformability deduced from protein-DNA crystal complexes.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 11163-11168.  
9731772 Y.G.Gao, S.Y.Su, H.Robinson, S.Padmanabhan, L.Lim, B.S.McCrary, S.P.Edmondson, J.W.Shriver, and A.H.Wang (1998).
The crystal structure of the hyperthermophile chromosomal protein Sso7d bound to DNA.
  Nat Struct Biol, 5, 782-786.
PDB codes: 1bf4 1bnz
9210460 A.Pingoud, and A.Jeltsch (1997).
Recognition and cleavage of DNA by type-II restriction endonucleases.
  Eur J Biochem, 246, 1.  
9016600 A.V.Kralicek, P.K.Wilson, G.B.Ralston, R.G.Wake, and G.F.King (1997).
Reorganization of terminator DNA upon binding replication terminator protein: implications for the functional replication fork arrest complex.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 590-596.  
9241431 C.Chothia, T.Hubbard, S.Brenner, H.Barns, and A.Murzin (1997).
Protein folds in the all-beta and all-alpha classes.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 26, 597-627.  
9345851 G.Capranico, M.Binaschi, M.E.Borgnetto, F.Zunino, and M.Palumbo (1997).
A protein-mediated mechanism for the DNA sequence-specific action of topoisomerase II poisons.
  Trends Pharmacol Sci, 18, 323-329.  
9284320 G.F.Bonifacio, T.Brown, G.L.Conn, and A.N.Lane (1997).
Comparison of the electrophoretic and hydrodynamic properties of DNA and RNA oligonucleotide duplexes.
  Biophys J, 73, 1532-1538.  
9241421 G.Patikoglou, and S.K.Burley (1997).
Eukaryotic transcription factor-DNA complexes.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 26, 289-325.  
9154913 H.Backes, C.Berens, V.Helbl, S.Walter, F.X.Schmid, and W.Hillen (1997).
Combinations of the alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix motif of TetR with respective residues from LacI or 434Cro: DNA recognition, inducer binding, and urea-dependent denaturation.
  Biochemistry, 36, 5311-5322.  
9097732 H.M.Berman (1997).
Crystal studies of B-DNA: the answers and the questions.
  Biopolymers, 44, 23-44.  
9154911 H.N.Moseley, W.Lee, C.H.Arrowsmith, and N.R.Krishna (1997).
Quantitative determination of conformational, dynamic, and kinetic parameters of a ligand-protein/DNA complex from a complete relaxation and conformational exchange matrix analysis of intermolecular transferred NOESY.
  Biochemistry, 36, 5293-5299.  
9199797 J.A.Subirana, and T.Faria (1997).
Influence of sequence on the conformation of the B-DNA helix.
  Biophys J, 73, 333-338.  
9360602 J.Liu, P.A.Lynch, C.Y.Chien, G.T.Montelione, R.M.Krug, and H.M.Berman (1997).
Crystal structure of the unique RNA-binding domain of the influenza virus NS1 protein.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 896-899.
PDB code: 1ail
9343361 J.Pérez-Martín, and V.de Lorenzo (1997).
Clues and consequences of DNA bending in transcription.
  Annu Rev Microbiol, 51, 593-628.  
9032063 J.W.Schwabe (1997).
The role of water in protein-DNA interactions.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 7, 126-134.  
9354759 L.Jen-Jacobson (1997).
Protein-DNA recognition complexes: conservation of structure and binding energy in the transition state.
  Biopolymers, 44, 153-180.  
9188697 L.Li, and K.S.Matthews (1997).
Differences in water release with DNA binding by ultrabithorax and deformed homeodomains.
  Biochemistry, 36, 7003-7011.  
9032054 M.A.Kercher, P.Lu, and M.Lewis (1997).
Lac repressor-operator complex.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 7, 76-85.  
9228950 M.Cai, R.Zheng, M.Caffrey, R.Craigie, G.M.Clore, and A.M.Gronenborn (1997).
Solution structure of the N-terminal zinc binding domain of HIV-1 integrase.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 567-577.
PDB codes: 1wja 1wjb 1wjc 1wjd
9203330 M.Kavanoor, and M.R.Eftink (1997).
Characterization of the role of side-chain interactions in the binding of ligands to apo trp repressor: pH dependence studies.
  Biophys Chem, 66, 43-55.  
9218422 M.Oda, K.Furukawa, K.Ogata, A.Sarai, S.Ishii, Y.Nishimura, and H.Nakamura (1997).
Investigation of the pyrimidine preference by the c-Myb DNA-binding domain at the initial base of the consensus sequence.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 17966-17971.  
9251783 N.Pastor, L.Pardo, and H.Weinstein (1997).
Does TATA matter? A structural exploration of the selectivity determinants in its complexes with TATA box-binding protein.
  Biophys J, 73, 640-652.  
9782776 R.E.Dickerson, and T.K.Chiu (1997).
Helix bending as a factor in protein/DNA recognition.
  Biopolymers, 44, 361-403.  
9166775 S.A.Smith, and L.W.McLaughlin (1997).
Probing contacts to the DNA backbone in the trp repressor-operator sequence-specific protein-nucleic acid complex using diastereomeric methylphosphonate analogues.
  Biochemistry, 36, 6046-6058.  
  9190805 S.Karlin, J.Mrázek, and A.M.Campbell (1997).
Compositional biases of bacterial genomes and evolutionary implications.
  J Bacteriol, 179, 3899-3913.  
8676876 C.Günes, and B.Müller-Hill (1996).
Mutants in position 69 of the Trp repressor of Escherichia coli K12 with altered DNA-binding specificity.
  Mol Gen Genet, 251, 338-346.  
8733235 C.Günes, D.Staacke, B.von Wilcken-Bergmann, and B.Müller-Hill (1996).
Co-operative binding of two Trp repressor dimers to alpha- or beta-centred trp operators.
  Mol Microbiol, 20, 375-384.  
  8897612 C.J.Morton, and J.E.Ladbury (1996).
Water-mediated protein-DNA interactions: the relationship of thermodynamics to structural detail.
  Protein Sci, 5, 2115-2118.  
  8897613 C.R.Robinson, and S.G.Sligar (1996).
Participation of water in Hin recombinase--DNA recognition.
  Protein Sci, 5, 2119-2124.  
8621416 C.Wenz, A.Jeltsch, and A.Pingoud (1996).
Probing the indirect readout of the restriction enzyme EcoRV. Mutational analysis of contacts to the DNA backbone.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 5565-5573.  
8621526 H.Thorogood, J.A.Grasby, and B.A.Connolly (1996).
Influence of the phosphate backbone on the recognition and hydrolysis of DNA by the EcoRV restriction endonuclease. A study using oligodeoxynucleotide phosphorothioates.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 8855-8862.  
8679635 H.Thorogood, T.R.Waters, A.W.Parker, C.W.Wharton, and B.A.Connolly (1996).
Resonance Raman spectroscopy of 4-thiothymidine and oligodeoxynucleotides containing this base both free in solution and bound to the restriction endonuclease EcoRV.
  Biochemistry, 35, 8723-8733.  
8599757 L.Urpí, V.Tereshko, L.Malinina, T.Huynh-Dinh, and J.A.Subirana (1996).
Structural comparison between the d(CTAG) sequence in oligonucleotides and trp and met repressor-operator complexes.
  Nat Struct Biol, 3, 325-328.
PDB codes: 249d 250d
  8762153 M.R.Gryk, O.Jardetzky, L.S.Klig, and C.Yanofsky (1996).
Flexibility of DNA binding domain of trp repressor required for recognition of different operator sequences.
  Protein Sci, 5, 1195-1197.  
8605632 N.C.Strynadka, S.E.Jensen, P.M.Alzari, and M.N.James (1996).
A potent new mode of beta-lactamase inhibition revealed by the 1.7 A X-ray crystallographic structure of the TEM-1-BLIP complex.
  Nat Struct Biol, 3, 290-297.  
8901570 N.Y.Sidorova, and D.C.Rau (1996).
Differences in water release for the binding of EcoRI to specific and nonspecific DNA sequences.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 12272-12277.  
9022683 P.D.Evans, M.Jaseja, M.Jeeves, and E.I.Hyde (1996).
NMR studies of the Escherichia coli Trp repressor.trpRs operator complex.
  Eur J Biochem, 242, 567-575.  
8672714 P.H.von Hippel, W.A.Rees, K.Rippe, and K.S.Wilson (1996).
Specificity mechanisms in the control of transcription.
  Biophys Chem, 59, 231-246.  
  8668149 P.Shore, A.J.Whitmarsh, R.Bhaskaran, R.J.Davis, J.P.Waltho, and A.D.Sharrocks (1996).
Determinants of DNA-binding specificity of ETS-domain transcription factors.
  Mol Cell Biol, 16, 3338-3349.  
  8626318 R.Hilse, S.Hammerschmidt, W.Bautsch, and M.Frosch (1996).
Site-specific insertion of IS1301 and distribution in Neisseria meningitidis strains.
  J Bacteriol, 178, 2527-2532.  
8557624 S.Cal, and B.A.Connolly (1996).
The EcoRV modification methylase causes considerable bending of DNA upon binding to its recognition sequence GATATC.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 1008-1015.  
17029807 T.Härd, and T.Lundbäck (1996).
Thermodynamics of sequence-specific protein-DNA interactions.
  Biophys Chem, 62, 121-139.  
8654432 V.Ramesh, S.E.Syed, R.O.Frederick, M.J.Sutcliffe, M.Barnes, and G.C.Roberts (1996).
NMR studies of the mode of binding of corepressors and inducers to Escherichia coli trp repressor.
  Eur J Biochem, 235, 804-813.  
8794738 V.Tereshko, L.Urpí, L.Malinina, T.Huynh-Dinh, and J.A.Subirana (1996).
Structure of the B-DNA oligomers d(CGCTAGCG) and d(CGCTCTAGAGCG) in new crystal forms.
  Biochemistry, 35, 11589-11595.  
7862089 C.GüneÅŸ, D.Staacke, B.von Wilcken-Bergmann, and B.Müller-Hill (1995).
The possible roles of residues 79 and 80 of the Trp repressor from Escherichia coli K-12 in trp operator recognition.
  Mol Gen Genet, 246, 180-195.  
7724581 C.R.Robinson, and S.G.Sligar (1995).
Heterogeneity in molecular recognition by restriction endonucleases: osmotic and hydrostatic pressure effects on BamHI, Pvu II, and EcoRV specificity.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 3444-3448.  
8789192 C.S.Poornima, and P.M.Dean (1995).
Hydration in drug design. 1. Multiple hydrogen-bonding features of water molecules in mediating protein-ligand interactions.
  J Comput Aided Mol Des, 9, 500-512.  
7671301 D.S.Wilson, B.Guenther, C.Desplan, and J.Kuriyan (1995).
High resolution crystal structure of a paired (Pax) class cooperative homeodomain dimer on DNA.
  Cell, 82, 709-719.
PDB code: 1fjl
  7613470 E.H.Morita, M.Shirakawa, F.Hayashi, M.Imagawa, and Y.Kyogoku (1995).
Structure of the Oct-3 POU-homeodomain in solution, as determined by triple resonance heteronuclear multidimensional NMR spectroscopy.
  Protein Sci, 4, 729-739.
PDB code: 1ocp
7613864 G.A.Leonard, S.Zhang, M.R.Peterson, S.J.Harrop, J.R.Helliwell, W.B.Cruse, B.L.d'Estaintot, O.Kennard, T.Brown, and W.N.Hunter (1995).
Self-association of a DNA loop creates a quadruplex: crystal structure of d(GCATGCT) at 1.8 A resolution.
  Structure, 3, 335-340.
PDB code: 184d
7501474 I.Berger, L.Su, J.R.Spitzner, C.Kang, T.G.Burke, and A.Rich (1995).
Molecular structure of the halogenated anti-cancer drug iododoxorubicin complexed with d(TGTACA) and d(CGATCG).
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 4488-4494.
PDB codes: 1imr 1ims
7862523 I.D.Parsons, B.Persson, A.Mekhalfia, G.M.Blackburn, and P.G.Stockley (1995).
Probing the molecular mechanism of action of co-repressor in the E. coli methionine repressor-operator complex using surface plasmon resonance (SPR).
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 211-216.  
  7795518 J.J.Perona, and C.S.Craik (1995).
Structural basis of substrate specificity in the serine proteases.
  Protein Sci, 4, 337-360.
PDB code: 1amh
7716167 J.Janin (1995).
Elusive affinities.
  Proteins, 21, 30-39.  
  7773178 L.Shimoni, and J.P.Glusker (1995).
Hydrogen bonding motifs of protein side chains: descriptions of binding of arginine and amide groups.
  Protein Sci, 4, 65-74.  
7696496 M.A.Eriksson, T.Härd, and L.Nilsson (1995).
Molecular dynamics simulations of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain in complex with DNA and free in solution.
  Biophys J, 68, 402-426.  
7553867 M.A.Schumacher, K.Y.Choi, F.Lu, H.Zalkin, and R.G.Brennan (1995).
Mechanism of corepressor-mediated specific DNA binding by the purine repressor.
  Cell, 83, 147-155.
PDB code: 1dbq
7647248 M.A.Young, G.Ravishanker, D.L.Beveridge, and H.M.Berman (1995).
Analysis of local helix bending in crystal structures of DNA oligonucleotides and DNA-protein complexes.
  Biophys J, 68, 2454-2468.  
8530394 M.Dlakic, and R.E.Harrington (1995).
Bending and torsional flexibility of G/C-rich sequences as determined by cyclization assays.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 29945-29952.  
  7720716 M.M.Garner, and D.C.Rau (1995).
Water release associated with specific binding of gal repressor.
  EMBO J, 14, 1257-1263.  
8749848 M.Suzuki, and M.Gerstein (1995).
Binding geometry of alpha-helices that recognize DNA.
  Proteins, 23, 525-535.  
7610037 M.Suzuki, and N.Yagi (1995).
Stereochemical basis of DNA bending by transcription factors.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 2083-2091.  
7568230 N.Schiering, X.Tao, H.Zeng, J.R.Murphy, G.A.Petsko, and D.Ringe (1995).
Structures of the apo- and the metal ion-activated forms of the diphtheria tox repressor from Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 9843-9850.
PDB code: 1dpr
7743135 X.Qiu, C.L.Verlinde, S.Zhang, M.P.Schmitt, R.K.Holmes, and W.G.Hol (1995).
Three-dimensional structure of the diphtheria toxin repressor in complex with divalent cation co-repressors.
  Structure, 3, 87.
PDB code: 1dtr
7624323 X.Tao, H.Y.Zeng, and J.R.Murphy (1995).
Transition metal ion activation of DNA binding by the diphtheria tox repressor requires the formation of stable homodimers.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 6803-6807.  
  8313881 A.Joachimiak, T.E.Haran, and P.B.Sigler (1994).
Mutagenesis supports water mediated recognition in the trp repressor-operator system.
  EMBO J, 13, 367-372.  
8197169 A.K.Benson, G.Ramakrishnan, N.Ohta, J.Feng, A.J.Ninfa, and A.Newton (1994).
The Caulobacter crescentus FlbD protein acts at ftr sequence elements both to activate and to repress transcription of cell cycle-regulated flagellar genes.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 4989-4993.  
  8003972 C.L.Borders, J.A.Broadwater, P.A.Bekeny, J.E.Salmon, A.S.Lee, A.M.Eldridge, and V.B.Pett (1994).
A structural role for arginine in proteins: multiple hydrogen bonds to backbone carbonyl oxygens.
  Protein Sci, 3, 541-548.  
8065254 C.Q.Pan, R.Landgraf, and D.S.Sigman (1994).
DNA-binding proteins as site-specific nucleases.
  Mol Microbiol, 12, 335-342.  
9383382 D.J.Austin, G.R.Crabtree, and S.L.Schreiber (1994).
Proximity versus allostery: the role of regulated protein dimerization in biology.
  Chem Biol, 1, 131-136.  
8208606 D.N.Arvidson, C.G.Arvidson, C.L.Lawson, J.Miner, C.Adams, and P.Youderian (1994).
The tryptophan repressor sequence is highly conserved among the Enterobacteriaceae.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 1821-1829.  
8036152 E.Liepinsh, W.Leupin, and G.Otting (1994).
Hydration of DNA in aqueous solution: NMR evidence for a kinetic destabilization of the minor groove hydration of d-(TTAA)2 versus d-(AATT)2 segments.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 2249-2254.  
8081746 G.M.Clore, A.Bax, J.G.Omichinski, and A.M.Gronenborn (1994).
Localization of bound water in the solution structure of a complex of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 with DNA.
  Structure, 2, 89-94.  
  7987223 J.Guenot, R.J.Fletterick, and P.A.Kollman (1994).
A negative electrostatic determinant mediates the association between the Escherichia coli trp repressor and its operator DNA.
  Protein Sci, 3, 1276-1285.  
7854115 J.Pfau, D.N.Arvidson, and P.Youderian (1994).
Mutants of Escherichia coli Trp repressor with changes of conserved, helix-turn-helix residue threonine 81 have altered DNA-binding specificities.
  Mol Microbiol, 13, 1001-1012.  
8038388 K.S.Martin, C.A.Royer, K.P.Howard, J.Carey, Y.C.Liu, K.Matthews, E.Heyduk, and J.C.Lee (1994).
Electrostatic forces contribute to interactions between trp repressor dimers.
  Biophys J, 66, 1167-1173.  
8041727 L.Nekludova, and C.O.Pabo (1994).
Distinctive DNA conformation with enlarged major groove is found in Zn-finger-DNA and other protein-DNA complexes.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 6948-6952.  
  8114729 M.Lundin, J.O.Nehlin, and H.Ronne (1994).
Importance of a flanking AT-rich region in target site recognition by the GC box-binding zinc finger protein MIG1.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 1979-1985.  
8087558 M.Suzuki (1994).
A framework for the DNA-protein recognition code of the probe helix in transcription factors: the chemical and stereochemical rules.
  Structure, 2, 317-326.  
8029016 N.O.Reich, and K.R.Sweetnam (1994).
Sequence-dependent effects on DNA stability resulting from guanosine replacements by inosine.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 2089-2093.  
7656003 P.B.Sigler (1994).
Chemogenetics.
  Nat Struct Biol, 1, 3-4.  
8127862 P.Douzou (1994).
Osmotic regulation of gene action.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 1657-1661.  
  8076591 R.H.Fogh, G.Ottleben, H.Rüterjans, M.Schnarr, R.Boelens, and R.Kaptein (1994).
Solution structure of the LexA repressor DNA binding domain determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
  EMBO J, 13, 3936-3944.
PDB codes: 1lea 1leb
7656001 S.A.Smith, S.B.Rajur, and L.W.McLaughlin (1994).
Specific purine N7-nitrogens are critical for high affinity binding by the trp repressor.
  Nat Struct Biol, 1, 18-22.  
7656043 S.K.Burley (1994).
Plus ça change, plus c'est la même chose.
  Nat Struct Biol, 1, 207-208.  
8293469 S.Klimasauskas, S.Kumar, R.J.Roberts, and X.Cheng (1994).
HhaI methyltransferase flips its target base out of the DNA helix.
  Cell, 76, 357-369.
PDB code: 1mht
  7987224 T.Liu, E.F.DeRose, and G.P.Mullen (1994).
Determination of the structure of the DNA binding domain of gamma delta resolvase in solution.
  Protein Sci, 3, 1286-1295.
PDB codes: 1res 1ret
7957174 V.Ramesh, R.O.Frederick, S.E.Syed, C.F.Gibson, J.C.Yang, and G.C.Roberts (1994).
The interactions of Escherichia coli trp repressor with tryptophan and with an operator oligonucleotide. NMR studies using selectively 15N-labelled protein.
  Eur J Biochem, 225, 601-608.  
8044836 W.J.Gehring, Y.Q.Qian, M.Billeter, K.Furukubo-Tokunaga, A.F.Schier, D.Resendez-Perez, M.Affolter, G.Otting, and K.Wüthrich (1994).
Homeodomain-DNA recognition.
  Cell, 78, 211-223.  
  7854250 W.K.Maas (1994).
The arginine repressor of Escherichia coli.
  Microbiol Rev, 58, 631-640.  
8092669 W.S.Somers, J.B.Rafferty, K.Phillips, S.Strathdee, Y.Y.He, T.McNally, I.Manfield, O.Navratil, I.G.Old, and I.Saint-Girons (1994).
The Met repressor-operator complex: DNA recognition by beta-strands.
  Ann N Y Acad Sci, 726, 105-117.  
8223636 A.J.Bendall, R.A.Sturm, P.A.Danoy, and P.L.Molloy (1993).
Broad binding-site specificity and affinity properties of octamer 1 and brain octamer-binding proteins.
  Eur J Biochem, 217, 799-811.  
18609613 B.T.Koh, and M.G.Yap (1993).
A Simple genetically structured model of trp repressor-operator interactions.
  Biotechnol Bioeng, 41, 707-714.  
8265659 C.Y.King, and M.A.Weiss (1993).
The SRY high-mobility-group box recognizes DNA by partial intercalation in the minor groove: a topological mechanism of sequence specificity.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 11990-11994.  
8404814 D.E.Lewis, and J.Carey (1993).
Analysis of trp repressor-DNA interactions using gel electrophoresis.
  Electrophoresis, 14, 713-719.  
8081737 D.W.Rodgers, and S.C.Harrison (1993).
The complex between phage 434 repressor DNA-binding domain and operator site OR3: structural differences between consensus and non-consensus half-sites.
  Structure, 1, 227-240.
PDB code: 1per
  8096060 H.Chen, Z.Smit-McBride, S.Lewis, M.Sharif, and M.L.Privalsky (1993).
Nuclear hormone receptors involved in neoplasia: erb A exhibits a novel DNA sequence specificity determined by amino acids outside of the zinc-finger domain.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 2366-2376.  
8241386 J.A.Kornblatt, M.J.Kornblatt, G.H.Hoa, and A.G.Mauk (1993).
Responses of two protein-protein complexes to solvent stress: does water play a role at the interface?
  Biophys J, 65, 1059-1065.  
  8423807 M.B.Toledano, D.Ghosh, F.Trinh, and W.J.Leonard (1993).
N-terminal DNA-binding domains contribute to differential DNA-binding specificities of NF-kappa B p50 and p65.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 852-860.  
8284212 M.Shapiro, D.N.Arvidson, J.Pfau, and P.Youderian (1993).
The challenge-phage assay reveals differences in the binding equilibria of mutant Escherichia coli Trp super-repressors in vivo.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 5661-5666.  
7678334 P.Babitzke, and C.Yanofsky (1993).
Reconstitution of Bacillus subtilis trp attenuation in vitro with TRAP, the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 133-137.  
8374950 R.G.Brennan (1993).
The winged-helix DNA-binding motif: another helix-turn-helix takeoff.
  Cell, 74, 773-776.  
8441679 S.Karlin, B.E.Blaisdell, R.J.Sapolsky, L.Cardon, and C.Burge (1993).
Assessments of DNA inhomogeneities in yeast chromosome III.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 703-711.  
8516330 W.Yang, L.Ni, and R.L.Somerville (1993).
A stationary-phase protein of Escherichia coli that affects the mode of association between the trp repressor protein and operator-bearing DNA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 5796-5800.  
  1346762 A.Dorn, M.Affolter, M.Müller, W.J.Gehring, and W.Leupin (1992).
Distamycin-induced inhibition of homeodomain-DNA complexes.
  EMBO J, 11, 279-286.  
  1304395 A.E.Howard, and P.A.Kollman (1992).
Molecular dynamics studies of a DNA-binding protein: 1. A comparison of the trp repressor and trp aporepressor aqueous simulations.
  Protein Sci, 1, 1173-1184.  
1741259 B.K.Hurlburt, and C.Yanofsky (1992).
The NH2-terminal arms of trp repressor participate in repressor/operator association.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 20, 337-341.  
  1304370 C.A.Mauzy, and M.A.Hermodson (1992).
Structural homology between rbs repressor and ribose binding protein implies functional similarity.
  Protein Sci, 1, 843-849.  
1480485 C.Bingman, S.Jain, G.Zon, and M.Sundaralingam (1992).
Crystal and molecular structure of the alternating dodecamer d(GCGTACGTACGC) in the A-DNA form: comparison with the isomorphous non-alternating dodecamer d(CCGTACGTACGG).
  Nucleic Acids Res, 20, 6637-6647.
PDB code: 117d
1741388 C.Burge, A.M.Campbell, and S.Karlin (1992).
Over- and under-representation of short oligonucleotides in DNA sequences.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 1358-1362.  
  1304396 J.Guenot, and P.A.Kollman (1992).
Molecular dynamics studies of a DNA-binding protein: 2. An evaluation of implicit and explicit solvent models for the molecular dynamics simulation of the Escherichia coli trp repressor.
  Protein Sci, 1, 1185-1205.  
15336020 J.W.Schwabe (1992).
DNA between the sheets.
  Curr Biol, 2, 661-663.  
1740124 K.L.Borden, C.J.Bauer, T.A.Frenkiel, P.Beckmann, and A.N.Lane (1992).
Sequence-specific NMR assignments of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli using three-dimensional 15N/1H heteronuclear techniques.
  Eur J Biochem, 204, 137-146.  
1409631 K.P.Wilson, L.M.Shewchuk, R.G.Brennan, A.J.Otsuka, and B.W.Matthews (1992).
Escherichia coli biotin holoenzyme synthetase/bio repressor crystal structure delineates the biotin- and DNA-binding domains.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 9257-9261.
PDB codes: 1bia 1bib
1312212 L.G.Czaplewski, A.K.North, M.C.Smith, S.Baumberg, and P.G.Stockley (1992).
Purification and initial characterization of AhrC: the regulator of arginine metabolism genes in Bacillus subtilis.
  Mol Microbiol, 6, 267-275.  
1311077 M.E.Donlan, and P.Lu (1992).
Transcriptional enhancer related DNA sequences: anomalous 1H NMR NOE crosspeaks.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 20, 525-532.  
1544411 M.S.Searle, and A.N.Lane (1992).
31P NMR investigation of the backbone conformation and dynamics of the hexamer duplex d(5'-GCATGC)2 in its complex with the antibiotic nogalamycin.
  FEBS Lett, 297, 292-296.  
  1531047 N.Benson, C.Adams, and P.Youderian (1992).
Mutant lambda repressors with increased operator affinities reveal new, specific protein-DNA contacts.
  Genetics, 130, 17-26.  
1644311 N.Storbakk, D.L.Oxender, and M.R.el-Gewely (1992).
Intragenic complementation between Escherichia coli trp repressors with different defects in the tryptophan-binding pocket.
  Gene, 117, 23-29.  
1408819 P.Kolkhof (1992).
Specificities of three tight-binding Lac repressors.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 20, 5035-5039.  
  1356765 S.C.Ekker, D.P.von Kessler, and P.A.Beachy (1992).
Differential DNA sequence recognition is a determinant of specificity in homeotic gene action.
  EMBO J, 11, 4059-4072.  
1313968 S.Karlin, C.Burge, and A.M.Campbell (1992).
Statistical analyses of counts and distributions of restriction sites in DNA sequences.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 20, 1363-1370.  
  1639072 T.E.Haran, A.Joachimiak, and P.B.Sigler (1992).
The DNA target of the trp repressor.
  EMBO J, 11, 3021-3030.  
1551395 W.F.van Gunsteren, and A.E.Mark (1992).
On the interpretation of biochemical data by molecular dynamics computer simulation.
  Eur J Biochem, 204, 947-961.  
1518844 Y.Takeda, P.D.Ross, and C.P.Mudd (1992).
Thermodynamics of Cro protein-DNA interactions.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 8180-8184.  
1667855 A.N.Lane (1991).
Solution conformation and dynamics of the octadeoxy-nucleotide d(CACTAGTG)2: a multinuclear n.m.r. relaxation study.
  Carbohydr Res, 221, 123-144.  
  1756721 A.Wissmann, R.Baumeister, G.Müller, B.Hecht, V.Helbl, K.Pfleiderer, and W.Hillen (1991).
Amino acids determining operator binding specificity in the helix-turn-helix motif of Tn10 Tet repressor.
  EMBO J, 10, 4145-4152.  
2040302 B.Kisters-Woike, N.Lehming, J.Sartorius, B.von Wilcken-Bergmann, and B.Müller-Hill (1991).
A model of the lac repressor-operator complex based on physical and genetic data.
  Eur J Biochem, 198, 411-419.  
1935980 C.Arrowsmith, R.Pachter, R.Altman, and O.Jardetzky (1991).
The solution structures of Escherichia coli trp repressor and trp aporepressor at an intermediate resolution.
  Eur J Biochem, 202, 53-66.  
1849264 D.D.Dalma-Weiszhausz, M.R.Gartenberg, and D.M.Crothers (1991).
Sequence-dependent contribution of distal binding domains to CAP protein-DNA binding affinity.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 19, 611-616.  
  2060777 D.N.Arvidson, M.Shapiro, and P.Youderian (1991).
Mutant tryptophan aporepressors with altered specificities of corepressor recognition.
  Genetics, 128, 29-35.  
1935952 E.I.Hyde, V.Ramesh, R.Frederick, and G.C.Roberts (1991).
NMR studies of the activation of the Escherichia coli trp repressor.
  Eur J Biochem, 201, 569-579.  
  1987128 G.B.Van Bokkelen, E.C.Dale, C.Halling, and R.Calendar (1991).
Mutational analysis of a bacteriophage P4 late promoter.
  J Bacteriol, 173, 37-45.  
  1717258 G.L.Boulianne, A.de la Concha, J.A.Campos-Ortega, L.Y.Jan, and Y.N.Jan (1991).
The Drosophila neurogenic gene neuralized encodes a novel protein and is expressed in precursors of larval and adult neurons.
  EMBO J, 10, 2975-2983.  
1841704 J.Czaplicki, C.Arrowsmith, and O.Jardetzky (1991).
Segmental differences in the stability of the trp-repressor peptide backbone.
  J Biomol NMR, 1, 349-361.  
1761046 K.L.Borden, P.Beckmann, and A.N.Lane (1991).
Determination of the orientations of tryptophan analogues bound to the trp repressor and the relationship to activation.
  Eur J Biochem, 202, 459-470.  
1754395 N.O.Reich, and M.J.Danzitz (1991).
Non-additivity of sequence-specific enzyme-DNA interactions in the EcoRI DNA methyltransferase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 19, 6587-6594.  
1777583 O.Mauffret, B.Rene, O.Convert, M.Monnot, E.Lescot, and S.Fermandjian (1991).
Drug-DNA interactions: spectroscopic and footprinting studies of site and sequence specificity of elliptinium.
  Biopolymers, 31, 1325-1341.  
1961749 P.W.Huber, T.Morii, H.Y.Mei, and J.K.Barton (1991).
Structural polymorphism in the major groove of a 5S RNA gene complements the zinc finger domains of transcription factor IIIA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88, 10801-10805.  
1782354 R.C.Wade, M.H.Mazor, J.A.McCammon, and F.A.Quiocho (1991).
A molecular dynamics study of thermodynamic and structural aspects of the hydration of cavities in proteins.
  Biopolymers, 31, 919-931.  
  2046668 R.Niedenthal, R.Stoll, and J.H.Hegemann (1991).
In vivo characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae centromere DNA element I, a binding site for the helix-loop-helix protein CPF1.
  Mol Cell Biol, 11, 3545-3553.  
  1989887 U.Heinemann, and C.Alings (1991).
The conformation of a B-DNA decamer is mainly determined by its sequence and not by crystal environment.
  EMBO J, 10, 35-43.  
2109308 B.A.Gaëta, S.J.Sharp, and T.S.Stewart (1990).
Saturation mutagenesis of the Drosophila tRNA(Arg) gene B-Box intragenic promoter element: requirements for transcription activation and stable complex formation.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 18, 1541-1548.  
1967554 B.Schulz, F.Banuett, M.Dahl, R.Schlesinger, W.Schäfer, T.Martin, I.Herskowitz, and R.Kahmann (1990).
The b alleles of U. maydis, whose combinations program pathogenic development, code for polypeptides containing a homeodomain-related motif.
  Cell, 60, 295-306.  
1977522 C.R.Kissinger, B.S.Liu, E.Martin-Blanco, T.B.Kornberg, and C.O.Pabo (1990).
Crystal structure of an engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.8 A resolution: a framework for understanding homeodomain-DNA interactions.
  Cell, 63, 579-590.
PDB code: 1hdd
  2390978 D.Staacke, B.Walter, B.Kisters-Woike, B.v Wilcken-Bergman, and B.Müller-Hill (1990).
How Trp repressor binds to its operator.
  EMBO J, 9, 3023.  
  2189726 D.Staacke, B.Walter, B.Kisters-Woike, B.von Wilcken-Bergmann, and B.Müller-Hill (1990).
How Trp repressor binds to its operator.
  EMBO J, 9, 1963-1967.  
  2168972 D.T.Simmons, K.Wun-Kim, and W.Young (1990).
Identification of simian virus 40 T-antigen residues important for specific and nonspecific binding to DNA and for helicase activity.
  J Virol, 64, 4858-4865.  
2361155 F.Eisenhaber, J.H.Mannik, and V.G.Tumanyan (1990).
Structural principles of B-DNA grooves hydration in fibers as revealed by Monte Carlo simulations and X-ray diffraction.
  Biopolymers, 29, 1453-1464.  
2216724 G.R.Clark, D.G.Brown, M.R.Sanderson, T.Chwalinski, S.Neidle, J.M.Veal, R.L.Jones, W.D.Wilson, G.Zon, and E.Garman (1990).
Crystal and solution structures of the oligonucleotide d(ATGCGCAT)2: a combined X-ray and NMR study.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 18, 5521-5528.
PDB code: 295d
2408042 H.C.Pace, P.Lu, and M.Lewis (1990).
lac repressor: crystallization of intact tetramer and its complexes with inducer and operator DNA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87, 1870-1873.  
2139225 J.Heitman, and P.Model (1990).
Substrate recognition by the EcoRI endonuclease.
  Proteins, 7, 185-197.  
  2209548 J.Heitman, and P.Model (1990).
Mutants of the EcoRI endonuclease with promiscuous substrate specificity implicate residues involved in substrate recognition.
  EMBO J, 9, 3369-3378.  
2216725 L.D.Williams, C.A.Frederick, G.Ughetto, and A.Rich (1990).
Ternary interactions of spermine with DNA: 4'-epiadriamycin and other DNA: anthracycline complexes.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 18, 5533-5541.
PDB code: 1d15
1971945 M.Affolter, A.Percival-Smith, M.Müller, W.Leupin, and W.J.Gehring (1990).
DNA binding properties of the purified Antennapedia homeodomain.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87, 4093-4097.  
  2108124 M.Honjo, A.Nakayama, K.Fukazawa, K.Kawamura, K.Ando, M.Hori, and Y.Furutani (1990).
A novel Bacillus subtilis gene involved in negative control of sporulation and degradative-enzyme production.
  J Bacteriol, 172, 1783-1790.  
2201019 M.R.Gartenberg, C.Ampe, T.A.Steitz, and D.M.Crothers (1990).
Molecular characterization of the GCN4-DNA complex.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87, 6034-6038.  
2374711 P.E.Nielsen, N.E.Møllegaard, and C.Jeppesen (1990).
DNA conformational analysis in solution by uranyl mediated photocleavage.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 18, 3847-3851.  
  2395641 R.Cosstick, X.Li, D.K.Tuli, D.M.Williams, B.A.Connolly, and P.C.Newman (1990).
Molecular recognition in the minor groove of the DNA helix. Studies on the synthesis of oligonucleotides and polynucleotides containing 3-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine. Interaction of the oligonucleotides with the restriction endonuclease EcoRV.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 18, 4771-4778.  
2146682 R.G.Brennan, S.L.Roderick, Y.Takeda, and B.W.Matthews (1990).
Protein-DNA conformational changes in the crystal structure of a lambda Cro-operator complex.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 87, 8165-8169.
PDB code: 4cro
2269288 R.M.Lamerichs, R.Boelens, G.A.Van der Marel, J.H.Van Boom, and R.Kaptein (1990).
Assignment of the 1H-NMR spectrum of a lac repressor headpiece-operator complex in H2O and identification of NOEs. Consequences for protein-DNA interaction.
  Eur J Biochem, 194, 629-637.  
  2196161 R.Nussinov (1990).
Sequence signals in eukaryotic upstream regions.
  Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 25, 185-224.  
2328291 S.B.Dev, and L.Walters (1990).
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the characterization of a model peptide-DNA interaction.
  Biopolymers, 29, 289-299.  
2204954 T.A.Steitz (1990).
Structural studies of protein-nucleic acid interaction: the sources of sequence-specific binding.
  Q Rev Biophys, 23, 205-280.  
2142667 T.Oelgeschläger, R.Geiger, T.Rüter, J.Alves, A.Fliess, and A.Pingoud (1990).
Probing the function of individual amino acid residues in the DNA binding site of the EcoRI restriction endonuclease by analysing the toxicity of genetically engineered mutants.
  Gene, 89, 19-27.  
  2155779 V.Rimphanitchayakit, and N.D.Grindley (1990).
Saturation mutagenesis of the DNA site bound by the small carboxy-terminal domain of gamma delta resolvase.
  EMBO J, 9, 719-725.  
2552443 A.M.Brown, and D.M.Crothers (1989).
Modulation of the stability of a gene-regulatory protein dimer by DNA and cAMP.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, 7387-7391.  
2771938 A.Sarai, and Y.Takeda (1989).
Lambda repressor recognizes the approximately 2-fold symmetric half-operator sequences asymmetrically.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, 6513-6517.  
2693904 B.E.Davidson, and I.Saint Girons (1989).
The Escherichia coli regulatory protein MetJ binds to a tandemly repeated 8 bp palindrome.
  Mol Microbiol, 3, 1639-1648.  
2541927 C.C.Yang, and H.A.Nash (1989).
The interaction of E. coli IHF protein with its specific binding sites.
  Cell, 57, 869-880.  
2673778 E.I.Hyde, V.Ramesh, G.C.Roberts, C.H.Arrowsmith, L.Treat-Clemons, B.Klaic, and O.Jardetzky (1989).
NMR studies of the Escherichia coli trp aporepressor. Sequence-specific assignment of the aromatic proton resonances.
  Eur J Biochem, 183, 545-553.  
2762292 J.G.Pelton, and D.E.Wemmer (1989).
Structural characterization of a 2:1 distamycin A.d(CGCAAATTGGC) complex by two-dimensional NMR.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, 5723-5727.  
2661016 J.M.Berg (1989).
DNA binding specificity of steroid receptors.
  Cell, 57, 1065-1068.  
  2663473 J.Sartorius, N.Lehming, B.Kisters, B.von Wilcken-Bergmann, and B.Müller-Hill (1989).
lac repressor mutants with double or triple exchanges in the recognition helix bind specifically to lac operator variants with multiple exchanges.
  EMBO J, 8, 1265-1270.  
2572327 J.Treisman, P.Gönczy, M.Vashishtha, E.Harris, and C.Desplan (1989).
A single amino acid can determine the DNA binding specificity of homeodomain proteins.
  Cell, 59, 553-562.  
  2767054 L.Fairall, S.Martin, and D.Rhodes (1989).
The DNA binding site of the Xenopus transcription factor IIIA has a non-B-form structure.
  EMBO J, 8, 1809-1817.  
2668875 L.Zhang, and J.D.Gralla (1989).
Micrococcal nuclease as a probe for bound and distorted DNA in lac transcription and repression complexes.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 17, 5017-5028.  
2657723 M.C.Needels, S.R.Fried, R.Love, J.M.Rosenberg, H.W.Boyer, and P.J.Greene (1989).
Determinants of EcoRI endonuclease sequence discrimination.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, 3579-3583.  
2922276 M.Coll, D.Saal, C.A.Frederick, J.Aymami, A.Rich, and A.H.Wang (1989).
Effects of 5-fluorouracil/guanine wobble base pairs in Z-DNA: molecular and crystal structure of d(CGCGFG).
  Nucleic Acids Res, 17, 911-923.
PDB code: 1dnf
2675171 M.F.Perutz (1989).
Mechanisms of cooperativity and allosteric regulation in proteins.
  Q Rev Biophys, 22, 139-237.  
2762124 M.Wolters, and B.Wittig (1989).
Construction of a 42 base pair double stranded DNA microcircle.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 17, 5163-5172.  
2695962 O.Kennard, and W.N.Hunter (1989).
Oligonucleotide structure: a decade of results from single crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
  Q Rev Biophys, 22, 327-379.  
2590940 O.Perisic, H.Xiao, and J.T.Lis (1989).
Stable binding of Drosophila heat shock factor to head-to-head and tail-to-tail repeats of a conserved 5 bp recognition unit.
  Cell, 59, 797-806.  
2919161 R.C.Hawley, L.L.Kiessling, and S.L.Schreiber (1989).
Model of the interactions of calichemicin gamma 1 with a DNA fragment from pBR322.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, 1105-1109.  
2672451 R.G.Brennan, and B.W.Matthews (1989).
Structural basis of DNA-protein recognition.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 14, 286-290.  
2549506 R.Kanaar, J.P.van Hal, and P.van de Putte (1989).
The recombinational enhancer for DNA inversion functions independent of its orientation as a consequence of dyad symmetry in the Fis-DNA complex.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 17, 6043-6053.  
2780544 R.M.Lamerichs, A.Padilla, R.Boelens, R.Kaptein, G.Ottleben, H.Rüterjans, M.Granger-Schnarr, P.Oertel, and M.Schnarr (1989).
The amino-terminal domain of LexA repressor is alpha-helical but differs from canonical helix-turn-helix proteins: a two-dimensional 1H NMR study.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, 6863-6867.  
  2670896 R.R.Dickson, T.Gaal, H.A.deBoer, P.L.deHaseth, and R.L.Gourse (1989).
Identification of promoter mutants defective in growth-rate-dependent regulation of rRNA transcription in Escherichia coli.
  J Bacteriol, 171, 4862-4870.  
  2684641 S.Hahn, S.Buratowski, P.A.Sharp, and L.Guarente (1989).
Identification of a yeast protein homologous in function to the mammalian general transcription factor, TFIIA.
  EMBO J, 8, 3379-3382.  
2798415 T.E.Shrader, and D.M.Crothers (1989).
Artificial nucleosome positioning sequences.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 86, 7418-7422.  
2537948 V.Rimphanitchayakit, G.F.Hatfull, and N.D.Grindley (1989).
The 43 residue DNA binding domain of gamma delta resolvase binds adjacent major and minor grooves of DNA.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 17, 1035-1050.  
2572329 Y.Q.Qian, M.Billeter, G.Otting, M.Müller, W.J.Gehring, and K.Wüthrich (1989).
The structure of the Antennapedia homeodomain determined by NMR spectroscopy in solution: comparison with prokaryotic repressors.
  Cell, 59, 573-580.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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