UniProt functional annotation for B7Z8K6



	UniProt functional annotation for B7Z8K6

UniProt code: B7Z8K6.

Organism: Homo sapiens (Human).

Taxonomy: Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.

Function: Constant region of T cell receptor (TR) delta chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Gamma-delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens frequently expressed at the epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Upon antigen recognition induces rapid, innate-like immune responses involved in pathogen clearance and tissue repair (PubMed:28920588, PubMed:23348415). Binding of gamma-delta TR complex to antigen triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains by the LCK and FYN kinases, allowing the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately leading to T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089). Gamma-delta TRs are produced through somatic rearrangement of a limited repertoire of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes. The potential diversity of gamma-delta TRs is conferred by the unique ability to rearrange (D) genes in tandem and to utilize all three reading frames. The combinatorial diversity is considerably increased by the sequence exonuclease trimming and random nucleotide (N) region additions which occur during the V-(D)-J rearrangements (PubMed:24387714). {ECO:0000303|PubMed:23348415, ECO:0000303|PubMed:24387714, ECO:0000303|PubMed:24600447, ECO:0000303|PubMed:25674089, ECO:0000303|PubMed:28920588}.

Subunit: Gamma-delta TR is a heterodimer composed of a gamma and delta chain; disulfide-linked. The gamma-delta TR is associated with the transmembrane signaling CD3 coreceptor proteins following the stoichiometry: a single gamma-delta TR heterodimer associates with one CD3D-CD3E heterodimer, one CD3G-CD3E heterodimer and one CD247 homodimer forming a stable octomeric structure. Upon activation, gamma- delta TR complex associates with FCER1G to initiate intracellular signaling. {ECO:0000303|PubMed:25674089}.

Subcellular location: Cell membrane {ECO:0000305}.

Polymorphism: There are several alleles. The sequence shown is that of IMGT allele TRDC*01. {ECO:0000305}.

Sequence caution: Sequence=AAA61033.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=BAH13992.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};

Annotations taken from UniProtKB at the EBI.


Organism:		Homo sapiens (Human).
Taxonomy:		Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia; Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae; Homo.



Function:		Constant region of T cell receptor (TR) delta chain that participates in the antigen recognition (PubMed:24600447). Gamma-delta TRs recognize a variety of self and foreign non-peptide antigens frequently expressed at the epithelial boundaries between the host and external environment, including endogenous lipids presented by MH-like protein CD1D and phosphoantigens presented by butyrophilin-like molecule BTN3A1. Upon antigen recognition induces rapid, innate-like immune responses involved in pathogen clearance and tissue repair (PubMed:28920588, PubMed:23348415). Binding of gamma-delta TR complex to antigen triggers phosphorylation of immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs (ITAMs) in the CD3 chains by the LCK and FYN kinases, allowing the recruitment, phosphorylation, and activation of ZAP70 that facilitates phosphorylation of the scaffolding proteins LCP2 and LAT. This lead to the formation of a supramolecular signalosome that recruits the phospholipase PLCG1, resulting in calcium mobilization and ERK activation, ultimately leading to T cell expansion and differentiation into effector cells (PubMed:25674089). Gamma-delta TRs are produced through somatic rearrangement of a limited repertoire of variable (V), diversity (D), and joining (J) genes. The potential diversity of gamma-delta TRs is conferred by the unique ability to rearrange (D) genes in tandem and to utilize all three reading frames. The combinatorial diversity is considerably increased by the sequence exonuclease trimming and random nucleotide (N) region additions which occur during the V-(D)-J rearrangements (PubMed:24387714). {ECO:0000303\|PubMed:23348415, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:24387714, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:24600447, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:25674089, ECO:0000303\|PubMed:28920588}.


Subunit:		Gamma-delta TR is a heterodimer composed of a gamma and delta chain; disulfide-linked. The gamma-delta TR is associated with the transmembrane signaling CD3 coreceptor proteins following the stoichiometry: a single gamma-delta TR heterodimer associates with one CD3D-CD3E heterodimer, one CD3G-CD3E heterodimer and one CD247 homodimer forming a stable octomeric structure. Upon activation, gamma- delta TR complex associates with FCER1G to initiate intracellular signaling. {ECO:0000303\|PubMed:25674089}.
Subcellular location:		Cell membrane {ECO:0000305}.
Polymorphism:		There are several alleles. The sequence shown is that of IMGT allele TRDC*01. {ECO:0000305}.
Sequence caution:		Sequence=AAA61033.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Extended N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305}; Sequence=BAH13992.1; Type=Erroneous initiation; Note=Truncated N-terminus.; Evidence={ECO:0000305};