spacer
spacer

PDBsum entry 1hdd

Go to PDB code: 
protein dna_rna links
Transcription/DNA PDB id
1hdd

 

 

 

 

Loading ...

 
JSmol PyMol  
Contents
Protein chains
57 a.a. *
DNA/RNA
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1hdd
Name: Transcription/DNA
Title: Crystal structure of an engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.8 angstroms resolution: a framework for understanding homeodomain-DNA interactions
Structure: DNA (5'- d( Tp Tp Tp Tp Gp Cp Cp Ap Tp Gp Tp Ap Ap Tp Tp Ap C p Cp Tp Ap A)- 3'). Chain: a. Engineered: yes. DNA (5'- d( Ap Tp Tp Ap Gp Gp Tp Ap Ap Tp Tp Ap Cp Ap Tp Gp G p Cp Ap Ap A)- 3'). Chain: b.
Source: Synthetic: yes. Synthetic construct. Organism_taxid: 32630. Drosophila melanogaster. Fruit fly. Organism_taxid: 7227. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562
Biol. unit: Dimer (from PQS)
Resolution:
2.80Å     R-factor:   0.225    
Authors: C.R.Kissinger,B.Liu,E.Martin-Blanco,T.B.Kornberg,C.O.Pabo
Key ref: C.R.Kissinger et al. (1990). Crystal structure of an engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.8 A resolution: a framework for understanding homeodomain-DNA interactions. Cell, 63, 579-590. PubMed id: 1977522 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90453-L
Date:
16-Sep-91     Release date:   15-Jan-92    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P02836  (HMEN_DROME) -  Segmentation polarity homeobox protein engrailed from Drosophila melanogaster
Seq:
Struc:
 
Seq:
Struc:
552 a.a.
57 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

DNA/RNA chains
  T-T-T-T-G-C-C-A-T-G-T-A-A-T-T-A-C-C-T-A-A 21 bases
  A-T-T-A-G-G-T-A-A-T-T-A-C-A-T-G-G-C-A-A-A 21 bases

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: E.C.?
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]

 

 
DOI no: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90453-L Cell 63:579-590 (1990)
PubMed id: 1977522  
 
 
Crystal structure of an engrailed homeodomain-DNA complex at 2.8 A resolution: a framework for understanding homeodomain-DNA interactions.
C.R.Kissinger, B.S.Liu, E.Martin-Blanco, T.B.Kornberg, C.O.Pabo.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The crystal structure of a complex containing the engrailed homeodomain and a duplex DNA site has been determined at 2.8 A resolution and refined to a crystallographic R factor of 24.4%. In this complex, two separate regions of the 61 amino acid polypeptide contact a TAAT subsite. An N-terminal arm fits into the minor groove, and the side chains of Arg-3 and Arg-5 make contacts near the 5' end of this "core consensus" binding site. An alpha helix fits into the major groove, and the side chains of IIe-47 and Asn-51 contact base pairs near the 3' end of the TAAT site. This "recognition helix" is part of a structurally conserved helix-turn-helix unit, but these helices are longer than the corresponding helices in the lambda repressor, and the relationship between the helix-turn-helix unit and the DNA is significantly different.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
  21517872 J.C.Harris, M.Hrmova, S.Lopato, and P.Langridge (2011).
Modulation of plant growth by HD-Zip class I and II transcription factors in response to environmental stimuli.
  New Phytol, 190, 823-837.  
21207099 Z.Xie, S.Hu, J.Qian, S.Blackshaw, and H.Zhu (2011).
Systematic characterization of protein-DNA interactions.
  Cell Mol Life Sci, 68, 1657-1668.  
20193042 C.S.Suh, S.Ellingsen, L.Austbø, X.F.Zhao, H.C.Seo, and A.Fjose (2010).
Autoregulatory binding sites in the zebrafish six3a promoter region define a new recognition sequence for Six3 proteins.
  FEBS J, 277, 1761-1775.  
20404135 H.M.Lee, H.Zhang, V.Schulz, D.P.Tuck, and B.G.Forget (2010).
Downstream targets of HOXB4 in a cell line model of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells.
  Blood, 116, 720-730.  
21135210 H.Neuweiler, W.Banachewicz, and A.R.Fersht (2010).
Kinetics of chain motions within a protein-folding intermediate.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 22106-22110.  
20693533 L.Marchetti, L.Comelli, B.D'Innocenzo, L.Puzzi, S.Luin, D.Arosio, M.Calvello, R.Mendoza-Maldonado, F.Peverali, F.Trovato, S.Riva, G.Biamonti, G.Abdurashidova, F.Beltram, and A.Falaschi (2010).
Homeotic proteins participate in the function of human-DNA replication origins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 38, 8105-8119.  
  20838582 P.Agius, A.Arvey, W.Chang, W.S.Noble, and C.Leslie (2010).
High resolution models of transcription factor-DNA affinities improve in vitro and in vivo binding predictions.
  PLoS Comput Biol, 6, 0.  
20334529 R.Rohs, X.Jin, S.M.West, R.Joshi, B.Honig, and R.S.Mann (2010).
Origins of specificity in protein-DNA recognition.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 79, 233-269.  
19446532 A.Shen, D.E.Higgins, and D.Panne (2009).
Recognition of AT-rich DNA binding sites by the MogR repressor.
  Structure, 17, 769-777.
PDB code: 3fdq
19003992 C.Y.Yang, K.H.Chin, M.T.Yang, A.H.Wang, and S.H.Chou (2009).
Crystal structure of RecX: a potent regulatory protein of RecA from Xanthomonas campestris.
  Proteins, 74, 530-537.
PDB code: 3dfg
19865164 R.Rohs, S.M.West, A.Sosinsky, P.Liu, R.S.Mann, and B.Honig (2009).
The role of DNA shape in protein-DNA recognition.
  Nature, 461, 1248-1253.  
  20157477 R.T.Moreland, J.F.Ryan, C.Pan, and A.D.Baxevanis (2009).
The Homeodomain Resource: a comprehensive collection of sequence, structure, interaction, genomic and functional information on the homeodomain protein family.
  Database (Oxford), 2009, bap004.  
19088121 T.M.Alleyne, L.Peña-Castillo, G.Badis, S.Talukder, M.F.Berger, A.R.Gehrke, A.A.Philippakis, M.L.Bulyk, Q.D.Morris, and T.R.Hughes (2009).
Predicting the binding preference of transcription factors to individual DNA k-mers.
  Bioinformatics, 25, 1012-1018.  
19246540 Y.C.Lou, S.Y.Wei, M.Rajasekaran, C.C.Chou, H.M.Hsu, J.H.Tai, and C.Chen (2009).
NMR structural analysis of DNA recognition by a novel Myb1 DNA-binding domain in the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 2381-2394.
PDB codes: 2k9n 2kdz
18394579 F.Alasti, A.Sadeghi, M.H.Sanati, M.Farhadi, E.Stollar, T.Somers, and G.Van Camp (2008).
A mutation in HOXA2 is responsible for autosomal-recessive microtia in an Iranian family.
  Am J Hum Genet, 82, 982-991.  
18585360 M.B.Noyes, R.G.Christensen, A.Wakabayashi, G.D.Stormo, M.H.Brodsky, and S.A.Wolfe (2008).
Analysis of homeodomain specificities allows the family-wide prediction of preferred recognition sites.
  Cell, 133, 1277-1289.  
18553935 M.E.McCully, D.A.Beck, and V.Daggett (2008).
Microscopic reversibility of protein folding in molecular dynamics simulations of the engrailed homeodomain.
  Biochemistry, 47, 7079-7089.  
18585359 M.F.Berger, G.Badis, A.R.Gehrke, S.Talukder, A.A.Philippakis, L.Peña-Castillo, T.M.Alleyne, S.Mnaimneh, O.B.Botvinnik, E.T.Chan, F.Khalid, W.Zhang, D.Newburger, S.A.Jaeger, Q.D.Morris, M.L.Bulyk, and T.R.Hughes (2008).
Variation in homeodomain DNA binding revealed by high-resolution analysis of sequence preferences.
  Cell, 133, 1266-1276.  
18187506 P.K.Purbey, S.Singh, P.P.Kumar, S.Mehta, K.N.Ganesh, D.Mitra, and S.Galande (2008).
PDZ domain-mediated dimerization and homeodomain-directed specificity are required for high-affinity DNA binding by SATB1.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 2107-2122.  
18274703 T.L.Religa (2008).
Comparison of multiple crystal structures with NMR data for engrailed homeodomain.
  J Biomol NMR, 40, 189-202.
PDB code: 2jwt
17953763 C.G.Danko, V.A.McIlvain, M.Qin, B.E.Knox, and A.M.Pertsov (2007).
Bioinformatic identification of novel putative photoreceptor specific cis-elements.
  BMC Bioinformatics, 8, 407.  
17978165 D.A.Beck, and V.Daggett (2007).
A one-dimensional reaction coordinate for identification of transition states from explicit solvent P(fold)-like calculations.
  Biophys J, 93, 3382-3391.  
18154373 E.F.Koslover, and D.J.Wales (2007).
Geometry optimization for peptides and proteins: Comparison of Cartesian and internal coordinates.
  J Chem Phys, 127, 234105.  
17296314 E.Shacham, B.Sheehan, and N.Volkmann (2007).
Density-based score for selecting near-native atomic models of unknown structures.
  J Struct Biol, 158, 188-195.  
17485478 H.C.Park, M.L.Kim, S.M.Lee, J.D.Bahk, D.J.Yun, C.O.Lim, J.C.Hong, S.Y.Lee, M.J.Cho, and W.S.Chung (2007).
Pathogen-induced binding of the soybean zinc finger homeodomain proteins GmZF-HD1 and GmZF-HD2 to two repeats of ATTA homeodomain binding site in the calmodulin isoform 4 (GmCaM4) promoter.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 3612-3623.  
18059448 S.C.Harrison (2007).
Three-dimensional intricacies in protein-DNA recognition and transcriptional control.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 14, 1118-1119.  
17646310 S.Mahony, P.E.Auron, and P.V.Benos (2007).
Inferring protein-DNA dependencies using motif alignments and mutual information.
  Bioinformatics, 23, i297-i304.  
17236141 X.Zhao, M.Sun, J.Zhao, J.A.Leyva, H.Zhu, W.Yang, X.Zeng, Y.Ao, Q.Liu, G.Liu, W.H.Lo, E.W.Jabs, L.M.Amzel, X.Shan, and X.Zhang (2007).
Mutations in HOXD13 underlie syndactyly type V and a novel brachydactyly-syndactyly syndrome.
  Am J Hum Genet, 80, 361-371.  
16920361 C.Crane-Robinson, A.I.Dragan, and P.L.Privalov (2006).
The extended arms of DNA-binding domains: a tale of tails.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 31, 547-552.  
16839862 F.Liu, F.A.Ismat, and V.V.Patel (2006).
Role of homeodomain-only protein in the cardiac conduction system.
  Trends Cardiovasc Med, 16, 193-198.  
17008406 J.Iwahara, M.Zweckstetter, and G.M.Clore (2006).
NMR structural and kinetic characterization of a homeodomain diffusing and hopping on nonspecific DNA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 15062-15067.  
16943445 S.Lim, and S.J.Franklin (2006).
Engineered lanthanide-binding metallohomeodomains: designing folded chimeras by modular turn substitution.
  Protein Sci, 15, 2159-2165.  
16721389 T.Svingen, and K.F.Tonissen (2006).
Hox transcription factors and their elusive mammalian gene targets.
  Heredity, 97, 88-96.  
16382145 W.Zhang, B.Li, R.Singh, U.Narendra, L.Zhu, and M.A.Weiss (2006).
Regulation of sexual dimorphism: mutational and chemogenetic analysis of the doublesex DM domain.
  Mol Cell Biol, 26, 535-547.  
16997917 Y.Choi, and A.Rajkovic (2006).
Characterization of NOBOX DNA binding specificity and its regulation of Gdf9 and Pou5f1 promoters.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 35747-35756.  
16150708 D.Lebrecht, M.Foehr, E.Smith, F.J.Lopes, C.E.Vanario-Alonso, J.Reinitz, D.S.Burz, and S.D.Hanes (2005).
Bicoid cooperative DNA binding is critical for embryonic patterning in Drosophila.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 13176-13181.  
15701451 D.Sikder, and T.Kodadek (2005).
Genomic studies of transcription factor-DNA interactions.
  Curr Opin Chem Biol, 9, 38-45.  
16212549 F.Zhu, Z.C.Liu, W.X.Li, and X.L.Xu (2005).
Rapid identification of Quox-1 homeodomain DNA-binding sequence using SAAB.
  Biochemistry (Mosc), 70, 920-925.  
15931687 K.U.Schneider, A.Marchini, N.Sabherwal, R.Röth, B.Niesler, T.Marttila, R.J.Blaschke, M.Lawson, M.Dumic, and G.Rappold (2005).
Alteration of DNA binding, dimerization, and nuclear translocation of SHOX homeodomain mutations identified in idiopathic short stature and Leri-Weill dyschondrosteosis.
  Hum Mutat, 26, 44-52.  
15634343 M.F.Tioni, I.L.Viola, R.L.Chan, and D.H.Gonzalez (2005).
Site-directed mutagenesis and footprinting analysis of the interaction of the sunflower KNOX protein HAKN1 with DNA.
  FEBS J, 272, 190-202.  
15837198 M.S.Yousef, and B.W.Matthews (2005).
Structural basis of Prospero-DNA interaction: implications for transcription regulation in developing cells.
  Structure, 13, 601-607.
PDB code: 1xpx
15705164 M.Saviano, C.Isernia, C.Bassarello, P.Di Lello, S.Galdiero, D.F.Mierke, E.Benedetti, and C.Pedone (2005).
Conformational analysis by NMR and distance geometry techniques of a peptide mimetic of the third helix of the Antennapedia homeodomain.
  J Pept Res, 65, 200-208.  
14704343 A.Liberzon, G.Ridner, and M.D.Walker (2004).
Role of intrinsic DNA binding specificity in defining target genes of the mammalian transcription factor PDX1.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 54-64.  
15585134 B.Mollé, S.Père, V.Failli, I.Bach, and S.Rétaux (2004).
Lhx9 and lhx9alpha: differential biochemical properties and effects on neuronal differentiation.
  DNA Cell Biol, 23, 761-768.  
15231714 H.B.Abdelkhalek, A.Beckers, K.Schuster-Gossler, M.N.Pavlova, H.Burkhardt, H.Lickert, J.Rossant, R.Reinhardt, L.C.Schalkwyk, I.Müller, B.G.Herrmann, M.Ceolin, R.Rivera-Pomar, and A.Gossler (2004).
The mouse homeobox gene Not is required for caudal notochord development and affected by the truncate mutation.
  Genes Dev, 18, 1725-1736.  
15731308 H.DU, and H.S.Taylor (2004).
Molecular regulation of mullerian development by Hox genes.
  Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1034, 152-165.  
15340832 H.H.Simon, S.Thuret, and L.Alberi (2004).
Midbrain dopaminergic neurons: control of their cell fate by the engrailed transcription factors.
  Cell Tissue Res, 318, 53-61.  
15247345 M.D.Simon, K.Sato, G.A.Weiss, and K.M.Shokat (2004).
A phage display selection of engrailed homeodomain mutants and the importance of residue Q50.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 3623-3631.  
15082777 U.Vijapurkar, N.Fischbach, W.Shen, C.Brandts, D.Stokoe, H.J.Lawrence, and C.Largman (2004).
Protein kinase C-mediated phosphorylation of the leukemia-associated HOXA9 protein impairs its DNA binding ability and induces myeloid differentiation.
  Mol Cell Biol, 24, 3827-3837.  
15269212 W.Shen, D.Chrobak, K.Krishnan, H.J.Lawrence, and C.Largman (2004).
HOXB6 protein is bound to CREB-binding protein and represses globin expression in a DNA binding-dependent, PBX interaction-independent process.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 39895-39904.  
14754886 Y.Hashimoto, O.Tsuji, K.Kanekura, S.Aiso, T.Niikura, M.Matsuoka, and I.Nishimoto (2004).
The Gtx homeodomain transcription factor exerts neuroprotection using its homeodomain.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 16767-16777.  
12538894 A.Ke, and C.Wolberger (2003).
Insights into binding cooperativity of MATa1/MATalpha2 from the crystal structure of a MATa1 homeodomain-maltose binding protein chimera.
  Protein Sci, 12, 306-312.
PDB codes: 1mh3 1mh4
12746429 D.W.Kim, H.Kempf, R.E.Chen, and A.B.Lassar (2003).
Characterization of Nkx3.2 DNA binding specificity and its requirement for somitic chondrogenesis.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 27532-27539.  
12923178 E.J.Stollar, U.Mayor, S.C.Lovell, L.Federici, S.M.Freund, A.R.Fersht, and B.F.Luisi (2003).
Crystal structures of engrailed homeodomain mutants: implications for stability and dynamics.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 43699-43708.
PDB codes: 1p7i 1p7j
  12819012 E.S.Baekkevold, M.Roussigné, T.Yamanaka, F.E.Johansen, F.L.Jahnsen, F.Amalric, P.Brandtzaeg, M.Erard, G.Haraldsen, and J.P.Girard (2003).
Molecular characterization of NF-HEV, a nuclear factor preferentially expressed in human high endothelial venules.
  Am J Pathol, 163, 69-79.  
14580198 K.J.Hwang, B.Xiang, J.M.Gruschus, K.Y.Nam, K.T.No, M.Nirenberg, and J.A.Ferretti (2003).
Distortion of the three-dimensional structure of the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain bound to DNA induced by an embryonically lethal A35T point mutation.
  Biochemistry, 42, 12522-12531.
PDB code: 1qry
12520008 S.Banerjee-Basu, T.Moreland, B.J.Hsu, K.L.Trout, and A.D.Baxevanis (2003).
The Homeodomain Resource: 2003 update.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 31, 304-306.  
12529405 X.Bi, A.V.Kajava, T.Jones, Z.N.Demidenko, and M.A.Mortin (2003).
The carboxy terminus of Prospero regulates its subcellular localization.
  Mol Cell Biol, 23, 1014-1024.  
12093803 A.E.Tron, C.W.Bertoncini, R.L.Chan, and D.H.Gonzalez (2002).
Redox regulation of plant homeodomain transcription factors.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 34800-34807.  
12121651 A.Ke, J.R.Mathias, A.K.Vershon, and C.Wolberger (2002).
Structural and thermodynamic characterization of the DNA binding properties of a triple alanine mutant of MATalpha2.
  Structure, 10, 961-971.
PDB code: 1le8
12297045 F.Chen, H.Kook, R.Milewski, A.D.Gitler, M.M.Lu, J.Li, R.Nazarian, R.Schnepp, K.Jen, C.Biben, G.Runke, J.P.Mackay, J.Novotny, R.J.Schwartz, R.P.Harvey, M.C.Mullins, and J.A.Epstein (2002).
Hop is an unusual homeobox gene that modulates cardiac development.
  Cell, 110, 713-723.  
12228710 H.Yang, P.D.Jeffrey, J.Miller, E.Kinnucan, Y.Sun, N.H.Thoma, N.Zheng, P.L.Chen, W.H.Lee, and N.P.Pavletich (2002).
BRCA2 function in DNA binding and recombination from a BRCA2-DSS1-ssDNA structure.
  Science, 297, 1837-1848.
PDB codes: 1iyj 1miu 1mje
11867548 J.Iwahara, M.Iwahara, G.W.Daughdrill, J.Ford, and R.T.Clubb (2002).
The structure of the Dead ringer-DNA complex reveals how AT-rich interaction domains (ARIDs) recognize DNA.
  EMBO J, 21, 1197-1209.
PDB code: 1kqq
12429095 J.M.Ryter, C.Q.Doe, and B.W.Matthews (2002).
Structure of the DNA binding region of prospero reveals a novel homeo-prospero domain.
  Structure, 10, 1541-1549.
PDB code: 1mij
12390248 K.Furukawa, T.Iioka, M.Morishita, A.Yamaguchi, H.Shindo, H.Namba, S.Yamashita, and T.Tsukazaki (2002).
Functional domains of paired-like homeoprotein Cart1 and the relationship between dimerization and transcription activity.
  Genes Cells, 7, 1135-1147.  
12354778 L.Mohrmann, A.J.Kal, and C.P.Verrijzer (2002).
Characterization of the extended Myb-like DNA-binding domain of trithorax group protein Zeste.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 47385-47392.  
12029082 R.Sabatini, N.Meeuwenoord, J.H.van Boom, and P.Borst (2002).
Site-specific interactions of JBP with base and sugar moieties in duplex J-DNA. Evidence for both major and minor groove contacts.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 28150-28156.  
  12186638 S.Banerjee-Basu, and A.D.Baxevanis (2002).
The DNA-binding region of RAG 1 is not a homeodomain.
  Genome Biol, 3, INTERACTIONS1004.  
11891864 T.Lefebvre, N.Planque, D.Leleu, M.Bailly, M.L.Caillet-Boudin, S.Saule, and J.C.Michalski (2002).
O-glycosylation of the nuclear forms of Pax-6 products in quail neuroretina cells.
  J Cell Biochem, 85, 208-218.  
12209444 V.Oleinikov, A.Sukhanova, K.Mochalov, O.Ustinova, I.Kudelina, I.Bronstein, and I.Nabiev (2002).
DNA binding induces conformational transition within human DNA topoisomerase I in solution.
  Biopolymers, 67, 369-375.  
12215455 X.Wang, S.Xu, C.Rivolta, L.Y.Li, G.H.Peng, P.K.Swain, C.H.Sung, A.Swaroop, E.L.Berson, T.P.Dryja, and S.Chen (2002).
Barrier to autointegration factor interacts with the cone-rod homeobox and represses its transactivation function.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 43288-43300.  
12453420 Y.I.Chi, J.D.Frantz, B.C.Oh, L.Hansen, S.Dhe-Paganon, and S.E.Shoelson (2002).
Diabetes mutations delineate an atypical POU domain in HNF-1alpha.
  Mol Cell, 10, 1129-1137.
PDB code: 1ic8
11726696 A.E.Tron, C.W.Bertoncini, C.M.Palena, R.L.Chan, and D.H.Gonzalez (2001).
Combinatorial interactions of two amino acids with a single base pair define target site specificity in plant dimeric homeodomain proteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 4866-4872.  
11668629 A.V.D'Elia, G.Tell, I.Paron, L.Pellizzari, R.Lonigro, and G.Damante (2001).
Missense mutations of human homeoboxes: A review.
  Hum Mutat, 18, 361-374.  
11456454 E.C.Seaver, D.A.Paulson, S.Q.Irvine, M.Q.Martindale, and M.Q.Martindale (2001).
The spatial and temporal expression of Ch-en, the engrailed gene in the polychaete Chaetopterus, does not support a role in body axis segmentation.
  Dev Biol, 236, 195-209.  
11391564 G.Iurcu-Mustata, D.Van Belle, R.Wintjens, M.Prévost, and M.Rooman (2001).
Role of salt bridges in homeodomains investigated by structural analyses and molecular dynamics simulations.
  Biopolymers, 59, 145-159.  
11698662 H.E.Xu, M.H.Lambert, V.G.Montana, K.D.Plunket, L.B.Moore, J.L.Collins, J.A.Oplinger, S.A.Kliewer, R.T.Gampe, D.D.McKee, J.T.Moore, and T.M.Willson (2001).
Structural determinants of ligand binding selectivity between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 13919-13924.
PDB codes: 1k74 1k7l
  11779807 J.Favor, H.Peters, T.Hermann, W.Schmahl, B.Chatterjee, A.Neuhäuser-Klaus, and R.Sandulache (2001).
Molecular characterization of Pax6(2Neu) through Pax6(10Neu): an extension of the Pax6 allelic series and the identification of two possible hypomorph alleles in the mouse Mus musculus.
  Genetics, 159, 1689-1700.  
11455562 J.L.Beck, M.L.Colgrave, S.F.Ralph, and M.M.Sheil (2001).
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of oligonucleotide complexes with drugs, metals, and proteins.
  Mass Spectrom Rev, 20, 61-87.  
11551904 L.K.Schaefer, S.Wang, and T.S.Schaefer (2001).
Functional interaction of Jun and homeodomain proteins.
  J Biol Chem, 276, 43074-43082.  
11239430 L.Moran-Rivard, T.Kagawa, H.Saueressig, M.K.Gross, J.Burrill, and M.Goulding (2001).
Evx1 is a postmitotic determinant of v0 interneuron identity in the spinal cord.
  Neuron, 29, 385-399.  
11470884 S.Banerjee-Basu, and A.D.Baxevanis (2001).
Molecular evolution of the homeodomain family of transcription factors.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 3258-3269.  
11125116 S.Banerjee-Basu, D.W.Sink, and A.D.Baxevanis (2001).
The Homeodomain Resource: sequences, structures, DNA binding sites and genomic information.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 291-293.  
11738049 T.Nishikawa, H.Okamura, A.Nagadoi, P.König, D.Rhodes, and Y.Nishimura (2001).
Solution structure of a telomeric DNA complex of human TRF1.
  Structure, 9, 1237-1251.
PDB codes: 1ity 1iv6
11238372 W.Ross, A.Ernst, and R.L.Gourse (2001).
Fine structure of E. coli RNA polymerase-promoter interactions: alpha subunit binding to the UP element minor groove.
  Genes Dev, 15, 491-506.  
10835358 D.E.Rincón-Limas, C.H.Lu, I.Canal, and J.Botas (2000).
The level of DLDB/CHIP controls the activity of the LIM homeodomain protein apterous: evidence for a functional tetramer complex in vivo.
  EMBO J, 19, 2602-2614.  
10749657 D.M.Hagan, A.J.Ross, T.Strachan, S.A.Lynch, V.Ruiz-Perez, Y.M.Wang, P.Scambler, E.Custard, W.Reardon, S.Hassan, P.Nixon, C.Papapetrou, R.M.Winter, Y.Edwards, K.Morrison, M.Barrow, M.P.Cordier-Alex, P.Correia, P.A.Galvin-Parton, S.Gaskill, K.J.Gaskin, S.Garcia-Minaur, R.Gereige, R.Hayward, and T.Homfray (2000).
Mutation analysis and embryonic expression of the HLXB9 Currarino syndrome gene.
  Am J Hum Genet, 66, 1504-1515.  
11252562 J.M.Gibert, E.Mouchel-Vielh, E.Quéinnec, and J.S.Deutsch (2000).
Barnacle duplicate engrailed genes: divergent expression patterns and evidence for a vestigial abdomen.
  Evol Dev, 2, 194-202.  
  11058088 J.T.Bryan, and M.I.Morasso (2000).
The Dlx3 protein harbors basic residues required for nuclear localization, transcriptional activity and binding to Msx1.
  J Cell Sci, 113, 4013-4023.  
  10892804 K.Raha, A.M.Wollacott, M.J.Italia, and J.R.Desjarlais (2000).
Prediction of amino acid sequence from structure.
  Protein Sci, 9, 1106-1119.  
11003645 M.Kipp, F.Göhring, T.Ostendorp, C.M.van Drunen, R.van Driel, M.Przybylski, and F.O.Fackelmayer (2000).
SAF-Box, a conserved protein domain that specifically recognizes scaffold attachment region DNA.
  Mol Cell Biol, 20, 7480-7489.  
10889025 R.A.Grant, M.A.Rould, J.D.Klemm, and C.O.Pabo (2000).
Exploring the role of glutamine 50 in the homeodomain-DNA interface: crystal structure of engrailed (Gln50 --> ala) complex at 2.0 A.
  Biochemistry, 39, 8187-8192.
PDB code: 1du0
10799563 R.G.Mirmira, H.Watada, and M.S.German (2000).
Beta-cell differentiation factor Nkx6.1 contains distinct DNA binding interference and transcriptional repression domains.
  J Biol Chem, 275, 14743-14751.  
10592263 S.Banerjee-Basu, J.F.Ryan, and A.D.Baxevanis (2000).
The homeodomain resource: a prototype database for a large protein family.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 329-330.  
10727231 S.Deb, S.Bandyopadhyay, and S.Roy (2000).
DNA sequence dependent and independent conformational changes in multipartite operator recognition by lambda-repressor.
  Biochemistry, 39, 3377-3383.  
11003663 V.Dave, C.Zhao, F.Yang, C.S.Tung, and J.Ma (2000).
Reprogrammable recognition codes in bicoid homeodomain-DNA interaction.
  Mol Cell Biol, 20, 7673-7684.  
  10817762 Y.Kikuchi, L.A.Trinh, J.F.Reiter, J.Alexander, D.Yelon, and D.Y.Stainier (2000).
The zebrafish bonnie and clyde gene encodes a Mix family homeodomain protein that regulates the generation of endodermal precursors.
  Genes Dev, 14, 1279-1289.  
10410794 C.Wolberger (1999).
Multiprotein-DNA complexes in transcriptional regulation.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 28, 29-56.  
10052460 D.E.Piper, A.H.Batchelor, C.P.Chang, M.L.Cleary, and C.Wolberger (1999).
Structure of a HoxB1-Pbx1 heterodimer bound to DNA: role of the hexapeptide and a fourth homeodomain helix in complex formation.
  Cell, 96, 587-597.
PDB code: 1b72
10543441 D.Mennerich, S.Hoffmann, T.Hadrys, H.H.Arnold, and E.Bober (1999).
Two highly related homeodomain proteins, Nkx5-1 and Nkx5-2, display different DNA binding specificities.
  Biol Chem, 380, 1041-1048.  
10673033 H.C.Seo, F.Nilsen, and A.Fjose (1999).
Three structurally and functionally conserved Hlx genes in zebrafish.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1489, 323-335.  
  10398683 H.D.Ryoo, and R.S.Mann (1999).
The control of trunk Hox specificity and activity by Extradenticle.
  Genes Dev, 13, 1704-1716.  
  10346815 H.E.Xu, M.A.Rould, W.Xu, J.A.Epstein, R.L.Maas, and C.O.Pabo (1999).
Crystal structure of the human Pax6 paired domain-DNA complex reveals specific roles for the linker region and carboxy-terminal subdomain in DNA binding.
  Genes Dev, 13, 1263-1275.
PDB code: 6pax
10026283 K.Nadassy, S.J.Wodak, and J.Janin (1999).
Structural features of protein-nucleic acid recognition sites.
  Biochemistry, 38, 1999-2017.  
  10523646 K.Shanmugam, N.C.Green, I.Rambaldi, H.U.Saragovi, and M.S.Featherstone (1999).
PBX and MEIS as non-DNA-binding partners in trimeric complexes with HOX proteins.
  Mol Cell Biol, 19, 7577-7588.  
10502778 S.Banerjee-Basu, and A.D.Baxevanis (1999).
Threading analysis of the Pitx2 homeodomain: predicted structural effects of mutations causing Rieger syndrome and iridogoniodysgenesis.
  Hum Mutat, 14, 312-319.  
10542273 S.C.Tucker, and R.Wisdom (1999).
Site-specific heterodimerization by paired class homeodomain proteins mediates selective transcriptional responses.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 32325-32332.  
10666584 S.DeWees, and J.H.Geiger (1999).
Structural studies of the Msx-1 homeodomain-DNA complex I.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 55, 2039-2040.  
  10082571 T.Kophengnavong, A.S.Carroll, and T.K.Blackwell (1999).
The SKN-1 amino-terminal arm is a DNA specificity segment.
  Mol Cell Biol, 19, 3039-3050.  
  9858582 Y.Jin, H.Zhong, and A.K.Vershon (1999).
The yeast a1 and alpha2 homeodomain proteins do not contribute equally to heterodimeric DNA binding.
  Mol Cell Biol, 19, 585-593.  
10536059 Z.Hao, J.Yeung, L.Wolf, R.Doucette, and A.Nazarali (1999).
Differential expression of Hoxa-2 protein along the dorsal-ventral axis of the developing and adult mouse spinal cord.
  Dev Dyn, 216, 201-217.  
9844025 A.Sundås-Larsson, M.Svenson, H.Liao, and P.Engström (1998).
A homeobox gene with potential developmental control function in the meristem of the conifer Picea abies.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 15118-15122.  
9636163 B.Xiang, S.Weiler, M.Nirenberg, and J.A.Ferretti (1998).
Structural basis of an embryonically lethal single Ala --> Thr mutation in the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 7412-7416.  
9723177 H.G.Belting, C.S.Shashikant, and F.H.Ruddle (1998).
Multiple phases of expression and regulation of mouse Hoxc8 during early embryogenesis.
  J Exp Zool, 282, 196-222.  
9451007 J.Iwahara, T.Kigawa, K.Kitagawa, H.Masumoto, T.Okazaki, and S.Yokoyama (1998).
A helix-turn-helix structure unit in human centromere protein B (CENP-B).
  EMBO J, 17, 827-837.
PDB code: 1bw6
9565750 J.P.Schneider, A.Lombardi, and W.F.DeGrado (1998).
Analysis and design of three-stranded coiled coils and three-helix bundles.
  Fold Des, 3, R29-R40.  
9788911 J.Woda, B.Schneider, K.Patel, K.Mistry, and H.M.Berman (1998).
An analysis of the relationship between hydration and protein-DNA interactions.
  Biophys J, 75, 2170-2177.  
9452487 L.Huang, N.Grammatikakis, and B.P.Toole (1998).
Organization of the chick CDC37 gene.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 3598-3603.  
9774480 M.Lehmann, T.Siegmund, K.G.Lintermann, and G.Korge (1998).
The pipsqueak protein of Drosophila melanogaster binds to GAGA sequences through a novel DNA-binding domain.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 28504-28509.  
9649440 N.Serrano, and F.Maschat (1998).
Molecular mechanism of polyhomeotic activation by Engrailed.
  EMBO J, 17, 3704-3713.  
9628487 P.B.Rupert, G.W.Daughdrill, B.Bowerman, and B.W.Matthews (1998).
A new DNA-binding motif in the Skn-1 binding domain-DNA complex.
  Nat Struct Biol, 5, 484-491.
PDB code: 1skn
9512546 P.König, L.Fairall, and D.Rhodes (1998).
Sequence-specific DNA recognition by the myb-like domain of the human telomere binding protein TRF1: a model for the protein-DNA complex.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 1731-1740.  
  9819426 P.Sauter, and P.Matthias (1998).
Coactivator OBF-1 makes selective contacts with both the POU-specific domain and the POU homeodomain and acts as a molecular clamp on DNA.
  Mol Cell Biol, 18, 7397-7409.  
  9774673 S.A.Valentine, G.Chen, T.Shandala, J.Fernandez, S.Mische, R.Saint, and A.J.Courey (1998).
Dorsal-mediated repression requires the formation of a multiprotein repression complex at the ventral silencer.
  Mol Cell Biol, 18, 6584-6594.  
9556579 S.Weiler, J.M.Gruschus, D.H.Tsao, L.Yu, L.H.Wang, M.Nirenberg, and J.A.Ferretti (1998).
Site-directed mutations in the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain. Basis of variations in structure and sequence-specific DNA binding.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 10994-11000.  
9739097 T.Nishikawa, A.Nagadoi, S.Yoshimura, S.Aimoto, and Y.Nishimura (1998).
Solution structure of the DNA-binding domain of human telomeric protein, hTRF1.
  Structure, 6, 1057-1065.
PDB code: 1ba5
9706693 Y.Lan, M.Fujioka, R.Polsgrove, P.Miskiewicz, D.Morrissey, T.Goto, and M.Weir (1998).
Plasticity of Drosophila paired function.
  Dev Genet, 23, 45-55.  
9207034 A.G.Stepchenko, N.N.Luchina, and E.V.Pankratova (1997).
Cysteine 50 of the POU H domain determines the range of targets recognized by POU proteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 2847-2853.  
9235002 A.L.Lomize, and H.I.Mosberg (1997).
Thermodynamic model of secondary structure for alpha-helical peptides and proteins.
  Biopolymers, 42, 239-269.  
  9279758 A.P.Read, and V.E.Newton (1997).
Waardenburg syndrome.
  J Med Genet, 34, 656-665.  
  9303538 A.S.Carroll, D.E.Gilbert, X.Liu, J.W.Cheung, J.E.Michnowicz, G.Wagner, T.E.Ellenberger, and T.K.Blackwell (1997).
SKN-1 domain folding and basic region monomer stabilization upon DNA binding.
  Genes Dev, 11, 2227-2238.  
9302254 A.S.Fortin, D.A.Underhill, and P.Gros (1997).
Reciprocal effect of Waardenburg syndrome mutations on DNA binding by the Pax-3 paired domain and homeodomain.
  Hum Mol Genet, 6, 1781-1790.  
  9215898 C.Benassayag, M.Boube, L.Seroude, and D.L.Cribbs (1997).
Point mutations within and outside the homeodomain identify sequences required for proboscipedia homeotic function in Drosophila.
  Genetics, 146, 939-949.  
9390563 C.L.Freund, C.Y.Gregory-Evans, T.Furukawa, M.Papaioannou, J.Looser, L.Ploder, J.Bellingham, D.Ng, J.A.Herbrick, A.Duncan, S.W.Scherer, L.C.Tsui, A.Loutradis-Anagnostou, S.G.Jacobson, C.L.Cepko, S.S.Bhattacharya, and R.R.McInnes (1997).
Cone-rod dystrophy due to mutations in a novel photoreceptor-specific homeobox gene (CRX) essential for maintenance of the photoreceptor.
  Cell, 91, 543-553.  
9360601 C.Y.Chien, R.Tejero, Y.Huang, D.E.Zimmerman, C.B.Ríos, R.M.Krug, and G.T.Montelione (1997).
A novel RNA-binding motif in influenza A virus non-structural protein 1.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 891-895.
PDB code: 1ns1
9122247 F.S.Jones, C.Kioussi, D.W.Copertino, P.Kallunki, B.D.Holst, and G.M.Edelman (1997).
Barx2, a new homeobox gene of the Bar class, is expressed in neural and craniofacial structures during development.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 2632-2637.  
9241421 G.Patikoglou, and S.K.Burley (1997).
Eukaryotic transcription factor-DNA complexes.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 26, 289-325.  
9312061 G.van Pouderoyen, R.F.Ketting, A.Perrakis, R.H.Plasterk, and T.K.Sixma (1997).
Crystal structure of the specific DNA-binding domain of Tc3 transposase of C.elegans in complex with transposon DNA.
  EMBO J, 16, 6044-6054.
PDB code: 1tc3
  9144767 H.Li, R.Tejero, D.Monleon, D.Bassolino-Klimas, C.Abate-Shen, R.E.Bruccoleri, and G.T.Montelione (1997).
Homology modeling using simulated annealing of restrained molecular dynamics and conformational search calculations with CONGEN: application in predicting the three-dimensional structure of murine homeodomain Msx-1.
  Protein Sci, 6, 956-970.  
9079665 H.Zhong, and A.K.Vershon (1997).
The yeast homeodomain protein MATalpha2 shows extended DNA binding specificity in complex with Mcm1.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 8402-8409.  
9012668 J.H.Carra, and P.L.Privalov (1997).
Energetics of folding and DNA binding of the MAT alpha 2 homeodomain.
  Biochemistry, 36, 526-535.  
9360602 J.Liu, P.A.Lynch, C.Y.Chien, G.T.Montelione, R.M.Krug, and H.M.Berman (1997).
Crystal structure of the unique RNA-binding domain of the influenza virus NS1 protein.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 896-899.
PDB code: 1ail
9154919 J.M.Gruschus, D.H.Tsao, L.H.Wang, M.Nirenberg, and J.A.Ferretti (1997).
Interactions of the vnd/NK-2 homeodomain with DNA by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: basis of binding specificity.
  Biochemistry, 36, 5372-5380.
PDB codes: 1nk2 1nk3
  9343429 K.J.Simon, D.A.Grueneberg, and M.Gilman (1997).
Protein and DNA contact surfaces that mediate the selective action of the Phox1 homeodomain at the c-fos serum response element.
  Mol Cell Biol, 17, 6653-6662.  
9228093 K.Shanmugam, M.S.Featherstone, and H.U.Saragovi (1997).
Residues flanking the HOX YPWM motif contribute to cooperative interactions with PBX.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 19081-19087.  
9111059 L.A.Dickinson, C.D.Dickinson, and T.Kohwi-Shigematsu (1997).
An atypical homeodomain in SATB1 promotes specific recognition of the key structural element in a matrix attachment region.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 11463-11470.  
9354759 L.Jen-Jacobson (1997).
Protein-DNA recognition complexes: conservation of structure and binding energy in the transition state.
  Biopolymers, 44, 153-180.  
9188697 L.Li, and K.S.Matthews (1997).
Differences in water release with DNA binding by ultrabithorax and deformed homeodomains.
  Biochemistry, 36, 7003-7011.  
9309220 L.Tucker-Kellogg, M.A.Rould, K.A.Chambers, S.E.Ades, R.T.Sauer, and C.O.Pabo (1997).
Engrailed (Gln50-->Lys) homeodomain-DNA complex at 1.9 A resolution: structural basis for enhanced affinity and altered specificity.
  Structure, 5, 1047-1054.
PDB code: 2hdd
8989327 M.A.Markus, A.P.Hinck, S.Huang, D.E.Draper, and D.A.Torchia (1997).
High resolution solution structure of ribosomal protein L11-C76, a helical protein with a flexible loop that becomes structured upon binding to RNA.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 70-77.
PDB codes: 1fow 1fox
9365251 M.C.Justice, B.P.Hogan, and A.K.Vershon (1997).
Homeodomain-DNA interactions of the Pho2 protein are promoter-dependent.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 25, 4730-4739.  
9228950 M.Cai, R.Zheng, M.Caffrey, R.Craigie, G.M.Clore, and A.M.Gronenborn (1997).
Solution structure of the N-terminal zinc binding domain of HIV-1 integrase.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 567-577.
PDB codes: 1wja 1wjb 1wjc 1wjd
9218422 M.Oda, K.Furukawa, K.Ogata, A.Sarai, S.Ishii, Y.Nishimura, and H.Nakamura (1997).
Investigation of the pyrimidine preference by the c-Myb DNA-binding domain at the initial base of the consensus sequence.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 17966-17971.  
  9300483 M.Schmiedeskamp, P.Rajagopal, and R.E.Klevit (1997).
NMR chemical shift perturbation mapping of DNA binding by a zinc-finger domain from the yeast transcription factor ADR1.
  Protein Sci, 6, 1835-1848.  
9369471 M.Schmiedeskamp, and R.E.Klevit (1997).
Paramagnetic cobalt as a probe of the orientation of an accessory DNA-binding region of the yeast ADR1 zinc-finger protein.
  Biochemistry, 36, 14003-14011.  
  9371644 N.Turque, S.Plaza, K.H.Klempnauer, and S.Saule (1997).
Overexpression of A-myb induces basic fibroblast growth factor-dependent proliferation of chicken neuroretina cells.
  J Virol, 71, 9778-9781.  
9384588 P.C.Shah, E.Bertolino, and H.Singh (1997).
Using altered specificity Oct-1 and Oct-2 mutants to analyze the regulation of immunoglobulin gene transcription.
  EMBO J, 16, 7105-7117.  
9056723 P.Callaerts, G.Halder, and W.J.Gehring (1997).
PAX-6 in development and evolution.
  Annu Rev Neurosci, 20, 483-532.  
9048479 P.König, and D.Rhodes (1997).
Recognition of telomeric DNA.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 22, 43-47.  
9427255 P.K.Swain, S.Chen, Q.L.Wang, L.M.Affatigato, C.L.Coats, K.D.Brady, G.A.Fishman, S.G.Jacobson, A.Swaroop, E.Stone, P.A.Sieving, and D.J.Zack (1997).
Mutations in the cone-rod homeobox gene are associated with the cone-rod dystrophy photoreceptor degeneration.
  Neuron, 19, 1329-1336.  
9782776 R.E.Dickerson, and T.K.Chiu (1997).
Helix bending as a factor in protein/DNA recognition.
  Biopolymers, 44, 361-403.  
9083114 R.M.Xu, C.Koch, Y.Liu, J.R.Horton, D.Knapp, K.Nasmyth, and X.Cheng (1997).
Crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of Mbp1, a transcription factor important in cell-cycle control of DNA synthesis.
  Structure, 5, 349-358.
PDB code: 1bm8
8989317 Y.Xing, D.Guha Thakurta, and D.E.Draper (1997).
The RNA binding domain of ribosomal protein L11 is structurally similar to homeodomains.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 24-27.  
9261149 Z.Ge, N.W.Chan, M.M.Palcic, and D.E.Taylor (1997).
Cloning and heterologous expression of an alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase gene from the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 21357-21363.  
8667990 A.K.Lalwani, A.N.Mhatre, T.B.San Agustin, and E.R.Wilcox (1996).
Genotype-phenotype correlations in type 1 Waardenburg syndrome.
  Laryngoscope, 106, 895-902.  
8768896 A.K.Vershon (1996).
Protein interactions of homeodomain proteins.
  Curr Opin Biotechnol, 7, 392-396.  
  8889542 A.R.Mushegian, and E.V.Koonin (1996).
Sequence analysis of eukaryotic developmental proteins: ancient and novel domains.
  Genetics, 144, 817-828.  
8702862 A.Zhu, and M.A.Kuziora (1996).
Homeodomain interaction with the beta subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIE.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 20993-20996.  
8605297 B.Klinge, B.Uberlacker, C.Korfhage, and W.Werr (1996).
ZmHox: a novel class of maize homeobox genes.
  Plant Mol Biol, 30, 439-453.  
8943214 C.J.Bieberich, K.Fujita, W.W.He, and G.Jay (1996).
Prostate-specific and androgen-dependent expression of a novel homeobox gene.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 31779-31782.  
  8657149 C.P.Chang, L.Brocchieri, W.F.Shen, C.Largman, and M.L.Cleary (1996).
Pbx modulation of Hox homeodomain amino-terminal arms establishes different DNA-binding specificities across the Hox locus.
  Mol Cell Biol, 16, 1734-1745.  
8696974 C.Wolberger (1996).
Homeodomain interactions.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 6, 62-68.  
  8887666 C.Y.Chen, and R.J.Schwartz (1996).
Recruitment of the tinman homolog Nkx-2.5 by serum response factor activates cardiac alpha-actin gene transcription.
  Mol Cell Biol, 16, 6372-6384.  
9000009 D.A.Erlanson, M.Chytil, and G.L.Verdine (1996).
The leucine zipper domain controls the orientation of AP-1 in the NFAT.AP-1.DNA complex.
  Chem Biol, 3, 981-991.  
8811078 D.Fabbro, G.Tell, A.Leonardi, L.Pellizzari, C.Pucillo, R.Lonigro, S.Formisano, and G.Damante (1996).
In the TTF-1 homeodomain the contribution of several amino acids to DNA recognition depends on the bound sequence.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 24, 3283-3288.  
8692913 D.S.Wilson, G.Sheng, S.Jun, and C.Desplan (1996).
Conservation and diversification in homeodomain-DNA interactions: a comparative genetic analysis.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 6886-6891.  
8702955 D.Yuan, X.Ma, and J.Ma (1996).
Sequences outside the homeodomain of bicoid are required for protein-protein interaction.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 21660-21665.  
8986770 E.E.Turner (1996).
Similar DNA recognition properties of alternatively spliced Drosophila POU factors.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 15097-15101.  
8663425 E.Sock, J.Enderich, M.G.Rosenfeld, and M.Wegner (1996).
Identification of the nuclear localization signal of the POU domain protein Tst-1/Oct6.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 17512-17518.  
  8890172 G.Damante, L.Pellizzari, G.Esposito, F.Fogolari, P.Viglino, D.Fabbro, G.Tell, S.Formisano, and R.Di Lauro (1996).
A molecular code dictates sequence-specific DNA recognition by homeodomains.
  EMBO J, 15, 4992-5000.  
8898894 G.Esposito, F.Fogolari, G.Damante, S.Formisano, G.Tell, A.Leonardi, R.Di Lauro, and P.Viglino (1996).
Analysis of the solution structure of the homeodomain of rat thyroid transcription factor 1 by 1H-NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular mechanics.
  Eur J Biochem, 241, 101-113.
PDB code: 1ftt
8703957 L.Li, D.von Kessler, P.A.Beachy, and K.S.Matthews (1996).
pH-dependent enhancement of DNA binding by the ultrabithorax homeodomain.
  Biochemistry, 35, 9832-9839.  
8616227 L.Meisel, and E.Lam (1996).
The conserved ELK-homeodomain of KNOTTED-1 contains two regions that signal nuclear localization.
  Plant Mol Biol, 30, 1.  
8882492 M.Friedman-Einat, P.Einat, M.Snyder, and F.Ruddle (1996).
Target gene identification: target specific transcriptional activation by three murine homeodomain/VP16 hybrid proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  J Exp Zool, 274, 145-156.  
8620531 P.Konig, R.Giraldo, L.Chapman, and D.Rhodes (1996).
The crystal structure of the DNA-binding domain of yeast RAP1 in complex with telomeric DNA.
  Cell, 85, 125-136.
PDB code: 1ign
8710498 P.S.Knoepfler, Q.Lu, and M.P.Kamps (1996).
Pbx-1 Hox heterodimers bind DNA on inseparable half-sites that permit intrinsic DNA binding specificity of the Hox partner at nucleotides 3' to a TAAT motif.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 24, 2288-2294.  
  8657138 Q.Lu, and M.P.Kamps (1996).
Structural determinants within Pbx1 that mediate cooperative DNA binding with pentapeptide-containing Hox proteins: proposal for a model of a Pbx1-Hox-DNA complex.
  Mol Cell Biol, 16, 1632-1640.  
8761990 R.F.Bulleit, X.Lin, and J.V.Jeppi (1996).
A novel gene selectively expressed in the cerebellum.
  Neurosci Lett, 209, 93-96.  
8948638 S.Barbarić, M.Münsterkötter, J.Svaren, and W.Hörz (1996).
The homeodomain protein Pho2 and the basic-helix-loop-helix protein Pho4 bind DNA cooperatively at the yeast PHO5 promoter.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 24, 4479-4486.  
8798433 S.E.Quaggin, G.B.Heuvel, K.Golden, R.Bodmer, and P.Igarashi (1996).
Primary structure, neural-specific expression, and chromosomal localization of Cux-2, a second murine homeobox gene related to Drosophila cut.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 22624-22634.  
  8665855 S.K.Chan, H.Pöpperl, R.Krumlauf, and R.S.Mann (1996).
An extradenticle-induced conformational change in a HOX protein overcomes an inhibitory function of the conserved hexapeptide motif.
  EMBO J, 15, 2476-2487.  
8643557 S.K.Chan, and R.S.Mann (1996).
A structural model for a homeotic protein-extradenticle-DNA complex accounts for the choice of HOX protein in the heterodimer.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 5223-5228.  
8807871 S.Mayfield (1996).
Double agent: translational regulation by a transcription factor.
  Chem Biol, 3, 415-418.  
8943030 T.E.Haerry, and W.J.Gehring (1996).
Intron of the mouse Hoxa-7 gene contains conserved homeodomain binding sites that can function as an enhancer element in Drosophila.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 93, 13884-13889.  
  8890171 V.Zappavigna, L.Falciola, M.Helmer-Citterich, F.Mavilio, and M.E.Bianchi (1996).
HMG1 interacts with HOX proteins and enhances their DNA binding and transcriptional activation.
  EMBO J, 15, 4981-4991.  
8600458 W.F.Shen, C.P.Chang, S.Rozenfeld, G.Sauvageau, R.K.Humphries, M.Lu, H.J.Lawrence, M.L.Cleary, and C.Largman (1996).
Hox homeodomain proteins exhibit selective complex stabilities with Pbx and DNA.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 24, 898-906.  
  7600995 A.John, S.T.Smith, and J.B.Jaynes (1995).
Inserting the Ftz homeodomain into engrailed creates a dominant transcriptional repressor that specifically turns off Ftz target genes in vivo.
  Development, 121, 1801-1813.  
  7825605 A.K.Lalwani, J.R.Brister, J.Fex, K.M.Grundfast, B.Ploplis, T.B.San Agustin, and E.R.Wilcox (1995).
Further elucidation of the genomic structure of PAX3, and identification of two different point mutations within the PAX3 homeobox that cause Waardenburg syndrome type 1 in two families.
  Am J Hum Genet, 56, 75-83.  
  7588606 A.Kispert, B.Koschorz, and B.G.Herrmann (1995).
The T protein encoded by Brachyury is a tissue-specific transcription factor.
  EMBO J, 14, 4763-4772.  
7625690 A.Klug (1995).
Gene regulatory proteins and their interaction with DNA.
  Ann N Y Acad Sci, 758, 143-160.  
7582962 A.Rodger, S.Taylor, G.Adlam, I.S.Blagbrough, and I.S.Haworth (1995).
Multiple DNA binding modes of anthracene-9-carbonyl-N1-spermine.
  Bioorg Med Chem, 3, 861-872.  
8532535 B.J.Reardon, D.Gordon, M.J.Ballard, and E.Winter (1995).
DNA binding properties of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAT1 gene product.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 4900-4906.  
  8563624 C.Q.Pan, R.Landgraf, and D.S.Sigman (1995).
Drosophila engrailed-1,10-phenanthroline chimeras as probes of homeodomain-DNA complexes.
  Protein Sci, 4, 2279-2288.  
7797561 C.Y.Chen, and R.J.Schwartz (1995).
Identification of novel DNA binding targets and regulatory domains of a murine tinman homeodomain factor, nkx-2.5.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 15628-15633.  
  7760827 D.A.Grueneberg, K.J.Simon, K.Brennan, and M.Gilman (1995).
Sequence-specific targeting of nuclear signal transduction pathways by homeodomain proteins.
  Mol Cell Biol, 15, 3318-3326.  
7739902 D.L.Smith, A.B.Desai, and A.D.Johnson (1995).
DNA bending by the a1 and alpha 2 homeodomain proteins from yeast.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 1239-1243.  
7671301 D.S.Wilson, B.Guenther, C.Desplan, and J.Kuriyan (1995).
High resolution crystal structure of a paired (Pax) class cooperative homeodomain dimer on DNA.
  Cell, 82, 709-719.
PDB code: 1fjl
7664107 D.Stanojevic, and G.L.Verdine (1995).
Deconstruction of GCN4/GCRE into a monomeric peptide-DNA complex.
  Nat Struct Biol, 2, 450-457.  
7540284 E.C.LaCasse, and Y.A.Lefebvre (1995).
Nuclear localization signals overlap DNA- or RNA-binding domains in nucleic acid-binding proteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 1647-1656.  
7846045 F.B.Johnson, E.Parker, and M.A.Krasnow (1995).
Extradenticle protein is a selective cofactor for the Drosophila homeotics: role of the homeodomain and YPWM amino acid motif in the interaction.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 739-743.  
  7705635 G.S.Mastick, R.McKay, T.Oligino, K.Donovan, and A.J.López (1995).
Identification of target genes regulated by homeotic proteins in Drosophila melanogaster through genetic selection of Ultrabithorax protein-binding sites in yeast.
  Genetics, 139, 349-363.  
  7862151 G.V.Benson, T.H.Nguyen, and R.L.Maas (1995).
The expression pattern of the murine Hoxa-10 gene and the sequence recognition of its homeodomain reveal specific properties of Abdominal B-like genes.
  Mol Cell Biol, 15, 1591-1601.  
7784431 J.A.Hirsch, and A.K.Aggarwal (1995).
Purification, crystallization, and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of even-skipped homeodomain complexed to DNA.
  Proteins, 21, 268-271.  
  8557047 J.A.Hirsch, and A.K.Aggarwal (1995).
Structure of the even-skipped homeodomain complexed to AT-rich DNA: new perspectives on homeodomain specificity.
  EMBO J, 14, 6280-6291.
PDB code: 1jgg
7716167 J.Janin (1995).
Elusive affinities.
  Proteins, 21, 30-39.  
7568211 J.L.Pomerantz, C.O.Pabo, and P.A.Sharp (1995).
Analysis of homeodomain function by structure-based design of a transcription factor.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 9752-9756.  
7592721 J.Liang, S.Moye-Rowley, and R.A.Maurer (1995).
In vivo mutational analysis of the DNA binding domain of the tissue-specific transcription factor, Pit-1.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 25520-25525.  
7761453 K.Del Rio-Tsonis, C.H.Washabaugh, and P.A.Tsonis (1995).
Expression of pax-6 during urodele eye development and lens regeneration.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 92, 5092-5096.  
  7773178 L.Shimoni, and J.P.Glusker (1995).
Hydrogen bonding motifs of protein side chains: descriptions of binding of arginine and amide groups.
  Protein Sci, 4, 65-74.  
7629095 L.Zulianello, P.van Ulsen, P.van de Putte, and N.Goosen (1995).
Participation of the flank regions of the integration host factor protein in the specificity and stability of DNA binding.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 17902-17907.  
7647248 M.A.Young, G.Ravishanker, D.L.Beveridge, and H.M.Berman (1995).
Analysis of local helix bending in crystal structures of DNA oligonucleotides and DNA-protein complexes.
  Biophys J, 68, 2454-2468.  
8521493 M.H.Werner, M.Clore, C.L.Fisher, R.J.Fisher, L.Trinh, J.Shiloach, and A.M.Gronenborn (1995).
The solution structure of the human ETS1-DNA complex reveals a novel mode of binding and true side chain intercalation.
  Cell, 83, 761-771.
PDB codes: 1stt 1stw
7744853 M.I.Arnone, M.Zannini, and R.Di Lauro (1995).
The DNA binding activity and the dimerization ability of the thyroid transcription factor I are redox regulated.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 12048-12055.  
7582955 M.Okagami, M.Ueno, K.Makino, M.Shimomura, I.Saito, T.Morii, and Y.Sugiura (1995).
Sequence-specific DNA binding by covalently constrained peptide dimers of the basic leucine zipper protein GCN4.
  Bioorg Med Chem, 3, 777-784.  
8749848 M.Suzuki, and M.Gerstein (1995).
Binding geometry of alpha-helices that recognize DNA.
  Proteins, 23, 525-535.  
7610037 M.Suzuki, and N.Yagi (1995).
Stereochemical basis of DNA bending by transcription factors.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 2083-2091.  
  8563623 N.D.Clarke (1995).
Covariation of residues in the homeodomain sequence family.
  Protein Sci, 4, 2269-2278.  
  7799919 R.Harada, G.Bérubé, O.J.Tamplin, C.Denis-Larose, and A.Nepveu (1995).
DNA-binding specificity of the cut repeats from the human cut-like protein.
  Mol Cell Biol, 15, 129-140.  
7576194 R.Hromas, and R.Costa (1995).
The hepatocyte nuclear factor-3/forkhead transcription regulatory family in development, inflammation, and neoplasia.
  Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 20, 129-140.  
7784225 R.S.Devon, D.J.Porteous, and A.J.Brookes (1995).
Splinkerettes--improved vectorettes for greater efficiency in PCR walking.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 1644-1645.  
7487967 R.S.Mann (1995).
The specificity of homeotic gene function.
  Bioessays, 17, 855-863.  
7719857 R.T.Sauer (1995).
Minor groove DNA-recognition by alpha-helices.
  Nat Struct Biol, 2, 7-9.  
7580137 R.Warren, and S.Carroll (1995).
Homeotic genes and diversification of the insect body plan.
  Curr Opin Genet Dev, 5, 459-465.  
  7565750 S.Natesan, and M.Gilman (1995).
YY1 facilitates the association of serum response factor with the c-fos serum response element.
  Mol Cell Biol, 15, 5975-5982.  
7596820 S.Tang, and M.L.Breitman (1995).
The optimal binding sequence of the Hox11 protein contains a predicted recognition core motif.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 23, 1928-1935.  
9383429 T.Kodadek (1995).
From carpet bombing to cruise missiles: the 'second-order' mechanisms used by transcription factors to ensure specific DNA binding in vivo.
  Chem Biol, 2, 267-279.  
7777491 T.Li, M.Stark, A.D.Johnson, and C.Wolberger (1995).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of an a1/alpha 2/DNA ternary complex.
  Proteins, 21, 161-164.  
8591025 T.Tullius (1995).
Homeodomains: together again for the first time.
  Structure, 3, 1143-1145.  
7628011 W.Yang, and T.A.Steitz (1995).
Crystal structure of the site-specific recombinase gamma delta resolvase complexed with a 34 bp cleavage site.
  Cell, 82, 193-207.
PDB code: 1gdt
  8196641 A.E.Uv, C.R.Thompson, and S.J.Bray (1994).
The Drosophila tissue-specific factor Grainyhead contains novel DNA-binding and dimerization domains which are conserved in the human protein CP2.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 4020-4031.  
8171007 A.Jancso, M.C.Botfield, L.C.Sowers, and M.A.Weiss (1994).
An altered-specificity mutation in a human POU domain demonstrates functional analogy between the POU-specific subdomain and phage lambda repressor.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 3887-3891.  
8092710 B.E.Bernstein, R.C.Hoffman, and R.E.Klevit (1994).
Sequence-specific DNA recognition by Cys2, His2 zinc fingers.
  Ann N Y Acad Sci, 726, 92.  
7910468 B.N.Cheyette, P.J.Green, K.Martin, H.Garren, V.Hartenstein, and S.L.Zipursky (1994).
The Drosophila sine oculis locus encodes a homeodomain-containing protein required for the development of the entire visual system.
  Neuron, 12, 977-996.  
  7907979 C.Goutte, and A.D.Johnson (1994).
Recognition of a DNA operator by a dimer composed of two different homeodomain proteins.
  EMBO J, 13, 1434-1442.  
  7907546 C.P.Miller, R.E.McGehee, and J.F.Habener (1994).
IDX-1: a new homeodomain transcription factor expressed in rat pancreatic islets and duodenum that transactivates the somatostatin gene.
  EMBO J, 13, 1145-1156.  
  8139574 D.G.Overdier, A.Porcella, and R.H.Costa (1994).
The DNA-binding specificity of the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3/forkhead domain is influenced by amino-acid residues adjacent to the recognition helix.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 2755-2766.  
  7910796 D.L.Smith, and A.D.Johnson (1994).
Operator-constitutive mutations in a DNA sequence recognized by a yeast homeodomain.
  EMBO J, 13, 2378-2387.  
7948864 E.Söderman, J.Mattsson, M.Svenson, C.Borkird, and P.Engström (1994).
Expression patterns of novel genes encoding homeodomain leucine-zipper proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana.
  Plant Mol Biol, 26, 145-154.  
7915030 G.Damante, D.Fabbro, L.Pellizzari, D.Civitareale, S.Guazzi, M.Polycarpou-Schwartz, S.Cauci, F.Quadrifoglio, S.Formisano, and R.Di Lauro (1994).
Sequence-specific DNA recognition by the thyroid transcription factor-1 homeodomain.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 3075-3083.  
7907232 H.Ma, M.D.McMullen, and J.J.Finer (1994).
Identification of a homeobox-containing gene with enhanced expression during soybean (Glycine max L.) somatic embryo development.
  Plant Mol Biol, 24, 465-473.  
7545073 I.Majerfeld, and M.Yarus (1994).
An RNA pocket for an aliphatic hydrophobe.
  Nat Struct Biol, 1, 287-292.  
  7911971 I.Pellerin, C.Schnabel, K.M.Catron, and C.Abate (1994).
Hox proteins have different affinities for a consensus DNA site that correlate with the positions of their genes on the hox cluster.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 4532-4545.  
7907418 I.Rambaldi, E.N.Kovàcs, and M.S.Featherstone (1994).
A proline-rich transcriptional activation domain in murine HOXD-4 (HOX-4.2).
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 376-382.  
8156594 J.D.Klemm, M.A.Rould, R.Aurora, W.Herr, and C.O.Pabo (1994).
Crystal structure of the Oct-1 POU domain bound to an octamer site: DNA recognition with tethered DNA-binding modules.
  Cell, 77, 21-32.
PDB code: 1oct
7915117 J.H.Kehrl (1994).
Homeobox genes in hematopoiesis.
  Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 16, 145-156.  
7907417 J.K.Tyler, K.E.Allen, and R.D.Everett (1994).
Mutation of a single lysine residue severely impairs the DNA recognition and regulatory functions of the VZV gene 62 transactivator protein.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 270-278.  
7854115 J.Pfau, D.N.Arvidson, and P.Youderian (1994).
Mutants of Escherichia coli Trp repressor with changes of conserved, helix-turn-helix residue threonine 81 have altered DNA-binding specificities.
  Mol Microbiol, 13, 1001-1012.  
8183927 J.U.Bowie, and D.Eisenberg (1994).
An evolutionary approach to folding small alpha-helical proteins that uses sequence information and an empirical guiding fitness function.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 4436-4440.  
7909370 K.Jagla, I.Stanceva, G.Dretzen, F.Bellard, and M.Bellard (1994).
A distinct class of homeodomain proteins is encoded by two sequentially expressed Drosophila genes from the 93D/E cluster.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 1202-1207.  
7954830 K.Ogata, S.Morikawa, H.Nakamura, A.Sekikawa, T.Inoue, H.Kanai, A.Sarai, S.Ishii, and Y.Nishimura (1994).
Solution structure of a specific DNA complex of the Myb DNA-binding domain with cooperative recognition helices.
  Cell, 79, 639-648.
PDB codes: 1mse 1msf
8041727 L.Nekludova, and C.O.Pabo (1994).
Distinctive DNA conformation with enlarged major groove is found in Zn-finger-DNA and other protein-DNA complexes.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 6948-6952.  
7915200 M.A.van Dijk, and C.Murre (1994).
extradenticle raises the DNA binding specificity of homeotic selector gene products.
  Cell, 78, 617-624.  
7906203 M.Capovilla, M.Brandt, and J.Botas (1994).
Direct regulation of decapentaplegic by Ultrabithorax and its role in Drosophila midgut morphogenesis.
  Cell, 76, 461-475.  
7896135 M.Di Bernardo, R.Russo, P.Oliveri, R.Melfi, and G.Spinelli (1994).
Expression of homeobox-containing genes in the sea urchin (Parancentrotus lividus) embryo.
  Genetica, 94, 141-150.  
8121800 M.Fernandes, H.Xiao, and J.T.Lis (1994).
Fine structure analyses of the Drosophila and Saccharomyces heat shock factor--heat shock element interactions.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 22, 167-173.  
  8264592 M.K.Gross, and P.Gruss (1994).
Functional analysis of mouse Hoxa-7 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: sequences outside the homeodomain base contact zone influence binding and activation.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 238-254.  
  7913516 M.L.Phelan, R.Sadoul, and M.S.Featherstone (1994).
Functional differences between HOX proteins conferred by two residues in the homeodomain N-terminal arm.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 5066-5075.  
7909517 M.Seimiya, H.Ishiguro, K.Miura, Y.Watanabe, and Y.Kurosawa (1994).
Homeobox-containing genes in the most primitive metazoa, the sponges.
  Eur J Biochem, 221, 219-225.  
7809040 M.Suzuki, and N.Yagi (1994).
DNA recognition code of transcription factors in the helix-turn-helix, probe helix, hormone receptor, and zinc finger families.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 12357-12361.  
8087558 M.Suzuki (1994).
A framework for the DNA-protein recognition code of the probe helix in transcription factors: the chemical and stereochemical rules.
  Structure, 2, 317-326.  
  7849596 N.D.Clarke, C.R.Kissinger, J.Desjarlais, G.L.Gilliland, and C.O.Pabo (1994).
Structural studies of the engrailed homeodomain.
  Protein Sci, 3, 1779-1787.
PDB code: 1enh
7811383 N.G.Seidah, J.C.Barale, M.Marcinkiewicz, M.G.Mattei, R.Day, and M.Chrétien (1994).
The mouse homeoprotein mLIM-3 is expressed early in cells derived from the neuroepithelium and persists in adult pituitary.
  DNA Cell Biol, 13, 1163-1180.  
  7908899 P.L.Coletta, S.M.Shimeld, and P.T.Sharpe (1994).
The molecular anatomy of Hox gene expression.
  J Anat, 184, 15-22.  
  7910944 Q.Lu, D.D.Wright, and M.P.Kamps (1994).
Fusion with E2A converts the Pbx1 homeodomain protein into a constitutive transcriptional activator in human leukemias carrying the t(1;19) translocation.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 3938-3948.  
  7914870 S.C.Ekker, D.G.Jackson, D.P.von Kessler, B.I.Sun, K.E.Young, and P.A.Beachy (1994).
The degree of variation in DNA sequence recognition among four Drosophila homeotic proteins.
  EMBO J, 13, 3551-3560.  
7915199 S.K.Chan, L.Jaffe, M.Capovilla, J.Botas, and R.S.Mann (1994).
The DNA binding specificity of Ultrabithorax is modulated by cooperative interactions with extradenticle, another homeoprotein.
  Cell, 78, 603-615.  
8055959 S.Lisser, and H.Margalit (1994).
Determination of common structural features in Escherichia coli promoters by computer analysis.
  Eur J Biochem, 223, 823-830.  
  7987224 T.Liu, E.F.DeRose, and G.P.Mullen (1994).
Determination of the structure of the DNA binding domain of gamma delta resolvase in solution.
  Protein Sci, 3, 1286-1295.
PDB codes: 1res 1ret
8044836 W.J.Gehring, Y.Q.Qian, M.Billeter, K.Furukubo-Tokunaga, A.F.Schier, D.Resendez-Perez, M.Affolter, G.Otting, and K.Wüthrich (1994).
Homeodomain-DNA recognition.
  Cell, 78, 211-223.  
7905633 Y.G.Kim, and S.Chandrasegaran (1994).
Chimeric restriction endonuclease.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 883-887.  
7909611 Y.Q.Qian, D.Resendez-Perez, W.J.Gehring, and K.Wüthrich (1994).
The des(1-6)antennapedia homeodomain: comparison of the NMR solution structure and the DNA-binding affinity with the intact Antennapedia homeodomain.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 4091-4095.
PDB code: 1san
7915838 Z.Shang, V.E.Isaac, H.Li, L.Patel, K.M.Catron, T.Curran, G.T.Montelione, and C.Abate (1994).
Design of a "minimAl" homeodomain: the N-terminal arm modulates DNA binding affinity and stabilizes homeodomain structure.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 8373-8377.  
7904065 Z.Shang, Y.W.Ebright, N.Iler, P.S.Pendergrast, Y.Echelard, A.P.McMahon, R.H.Ebright, and C.Abate (1994).
DNA affinity cleaving analysis of homeodomain-DNA interaction: identification of homeodomain consensus sites in genomic DNA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 91, 118-122.  
  8417320 A.D.Sharrocks, H.Gille, and P.E.Shaw (1993).
Identification of amino acids essential for DNA binding and dimerization in p67SRF: implications for a novel DNA-binding motif.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 123-132.  
  8096173 A.F.Schier, and W.J.Gehring (1993).
Analysis of a fushi tarazu autoregulatory element: multiple sequence elements contribute to enhancer activity.
  EMBO J, 12, 1111-1119.  
8434005 A.F.Schier, and W.J.Gehring (1993).
Functional specificity of the homeodomain protein fushi tarazu: the role of DNA-binding specificity in vivo.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 1450-1454.  
8223636 A.J.Bendall, R.A.Sturm, P.A.Danoy, and P.L.Molloy (1993).
Broad binding-site specificity and affinity properties of octamer 1 and brain octamer-binding proteins.
  Eur J Biochem, 217, 799-811.  
  8097276 A.TenHarmsel, R.J.Austin, N.Savenelli, and M.D.Biggin (1993).
Cooperative binding at a distance by even-skipped protein correlates with repression and suggests a mechanism of silencing.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 2742-2752.  
  8096172 B.Appel, and S.Sakonju (1993).
Cell-type-specific mechanisms of transcriptional repression by the homeotic gene products UBX and ABD-A in Drosophila embryos.
  EMBO J, 12, 1099-1109.  
8248247 B.J.Reardon, R.S.Winters, D.Gordon, and E.Winter (1993).
A peptide motif that recognizes A.T tracts in DNA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 11327-11331.  
7902124 B.Kalionis, and P.H.O'Farrell (1993).
A universal target sequence is bound in vitro by diverse homeodomains.
  Mech Dev, 43, 57-70.  
  8491172 B.Leiting, R.De Francesco, L.Tomei, R.Cortese, G.Otting, and K.Wüthrich (1993).
The three-dimensional NMR-solution structure of the polypeptide fragment 195-286 of the LFB1/HNF1 transcription factor from rat liver comprises a nonclassical homeodomain.
  EMBO J, 12, 1797-1803.  
15335780 C.A.Orengo, T.P.Flores, D.T.Jones, W.R.Taylor, and J.M.Thornton (1993).
Recurring structural motifs in proteins with different functions.
  Curr Biol, 3, 131-139.  
  8246948 C.Carriere, S.Plaza, P.Martin, B.Quatannens, M.Bailly, D.Stehelin, and S.Saule (1993).
Characterization of quail Pax-6 (Pax-QNR) proteins expressed in the neuroretina.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 7257-7266.  
8097172 C.H.Mathews, K.Detmer, H.J.Lawrence, and C.Largman (1993).
Expression of the Hox 2.2 homeobox gene in murine embryonic epidermis.
  Differentiation, 52, 177-184.  
  8101633 C.K.Galang, and C.A.Hauser (1993).
Cooperative DNA binding of the human HoxB5 (Hox-2.1) protein is under redox regulation in vitro.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 4609-4617.  
8104703 C.Rauskolb, M.Peifer, and E.Wieschaus (1993).
extradenticle, a regulator of homeotic gene activity, is a homolog of the homeobox-containing human proto-oncogene pbx1.
  Cell, 74, 1101-1112.  
  8474451 D.L.Galson, J.O.Hensold, T.R.Bishop, M.Schalling, A.D.D'Andrea, C.Jones, P.E.Auron, and D.E.Housman (1993).
Mouse beta-globin DNA-binding protein B1 is identical to a proto-oncogene, the transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1, and is restricted in expression to hematopoietic cells and the testis.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 2929-2941.  
  8246971 E.L.Ellison, and V.M.Vogt (1993).
Interaction of the intron-encoded mobility endonuclease I-PpoI with its target site.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 7531-7539.  
8106171 E.W.Jabs, U.Müller, X.Li, L.Ma, W.Luo, I.S.Haworth, I.Klisak, R.Sparkes, M.L.Warman, and J.B.Mulliken (1993).
A mutation in the homeodomain of the human MSX2 gene in a family affected with autosomal dominant craniosynostosis.
  Cell, 75, 443-450.  
8096636 F.K.Bedford, A.Ashworth, T.Enver, and L.M.Wiedemann (1993).
HEX: a novel homeobox gene expressed during haematopoiesis and conserved between mouse and human.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 1245-1249.  
  8099546 F.Thüringer, S.M.Cohen, and M.Bienz (1993).
Dissection of an indirect autoregulatory response of a homeotic Drosophila gene.
  EMBO J, 12, 2419-2430.  
  8253077 G.Sessa, G.Morelli, and I.Ruberti (1993).
The Athb-1 and -2 HD-Zip domains homodimerize forming complexes of different DNA binding specificities.
  EMBO J, 12, 3507-3517.  
  8467791 H.M.Weir, P.J.Kraulis, C.S.Hill, A.R.Raine, E.D.Laue, and J.O.Thomas (1993).
Structure of the HMG box motif in the B-domain of HMG1.
  EMBO J, 12, 1311-1319.
PDB codes: 1hme 1hmf
  8096811 I.Komuro, M.Schalling, L.Jahn, R.Bodmer, N.A.Jenkins, N.G.Copeland, and S.Izumo (1993).
Gtx: a novel murine homeobox-containing gene, expressed specifically in glial cells of the brain and germ cells of testis, has a transcriptional repressor activity in vitro for a serum-inducible promoter.
  EMBO J, 12, 1387-1401.  
7690144 I.Komuro, and S.Izumo (1993).
Csx: a murine homeobox-containing gene specifically expressed in the developing heart.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 8145-8149.  
  8445737 I.N.Melnikova, B.E.Crute, S.Wang, and N.A.Speck (1993).
Sequence specificity of the core-binding factor.
  J Virol, 67, 2408-2411.  
7907490 J.Botas (1993).
Control of morphogenesis and differentiation by HOM/Hox genes.
  Curr Opin Cell Biol, 5, 1015-1022.  
  8389695 J.J.Hwang, P.Chambon, and I.Davidson (1993).
Characterization of the transcription activation function and the DNA binding domain of transcriptional enhancer factor-1.
  EMBO J, 12, 2337-2348.  
8221895 J.W.Schwabe, L.Chapman, J.T.Finch, and D.Rhodes (1993).
The crystal structure of the estrogen receptor DNA-binding domain bound to DNA: how receptors discriminate between their response elements.
  Cell, 75, 567-578.
PDB code: 1hcq
8101003 K.Furukubo-Tokunaga, S.Flister, and W.J.Gehring (1993).
Functional specificity of the Antennapedia homeodomain.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 6360-6364.  
  8096059 K.M.Catron, N.Iler, and C.Abate (1993).
Nucleotides flanking a conserved TAAT core dictate the DNA binding specificity of three murine homeodomain proteins.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 2354-2365.  
7901228 K.Wu, and D.J.Wolgemuth (1993).
Protein product of the somatic-type transcript of the Hoxa-4 (Hox-1.4) gene binds to homeobox consensus binding sites in its promoter and intron.
  J Cell Biochem, 52, 449-462.  
8255758 L.Cavarec, and T.Heidmann (1993).
The Drosophila copia retrotransposon contains binding sites for transcriptional regulation by homeoproteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 5041-5049.  
8504250 L.P.Hansen, and G.R.Crabtree (1993).
Regulation of the HNF-1 homeodomain proteins by DCoH.
  Curr Opin Genet Dev, 3, 246-253.  
  8423807 M.B.Toledano, D.Ghosh, F.Trinh, and W.J.Leonard (1993).
N-terminal DNA-binding domains contribute to differential DNA-binding specificities of NF-kappa B p50 and p65.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 852-860.  
8290361 M.P.Laget, I.Callebaut, Y.de Launoit, D.Stehelin, and J.P.Mornon (1993).
Predicted common structural features of DNA-binding domains from Ets, Myb and HMG transcription factors.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 5987-5996.  
  8344259 M.Suzuki (1993).
Common features in DNA recognition helices of eukaryotic transcription factors.
  EMBO J, 12, 3221-3226.  
8352967 M.Wegner, D.W.Drolet, and M.G.Rosenfeld (1993).
POU-domain proteins: structure and function of developmental regulators.
  Curr Opin Cell Biol, 5, 488-498.  
8441632 N.Suzuki, W.Peter, T.Ciesiolka, P.Gruss, and H.R.Schöler (1993).
Mouse Oct-1 contains a composite homeodomain of human Oct-1 and Oct-2.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 245-252.  
  8105373 P.A.Beachy, J.Varkey, K.E.Young, D.P.von Kessler, B.I.Sun, and S.C.Ekker (1993).
Cooperative binding of an Ultrabithorax homeodomain protein to nearby and distant DNA sites.
  Mol Cell Biol, 13, 6941-6956.  
8466473 P.C.van der Vliet, and C.P.Verrijzer (1993).
Bending of DNA by transcription factors.
  Bioessays, 15, 25-32.  
8255775 R.Bosselut, J.Levin, E.Adjadj, and J.Ghysdael (1993).
A single amino-acid substitution in the Ets domain alters core DNA binding specificity of Ets1 to that of the related transcription factors Elf1 and E74.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 5184-5191.  
8374950 R.G.Brennan (1993).
The winged-helix DNA-binding motif: another helix-turn-helix takeoff.
  Cell, 74, 773-776.  
8097432 R.Ramírez-Solis, H.Zheng, J.Whiting, R.Krumlauf, and A.Bradley (1993).
Hoxb-4 (Hox-2.6) mutant mice show homeotic transformation of a cervical vertebra and defects in the closure of the sternal rudiments.
  Cell, 73, 279-294.  
  7920987 R.W.Pfäffle, J.S.Parks, M.R.Brown, and G.Heimann (1993).
Pit-1 and pituitary function.
  J Pediatr Endocrinol, 6, 229-233.  
7901837 R.de Jong, J.van der Heijden, and F.Meijlink (1993).
DNA-binding specificity of the S8 homeodomain.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 4711-4720.  
8101475 S.G.Clark, A.D.Chisholm, and H.R.Horvitz (1993).
Control of cell fates in the central body region of C. elegans by the homeobox gene lin-39.
  Cell, 74, 43-55.  
  8491173 T.A.Ceska, M.Lamers, P.Monaci, A.Nicosia, R.Cortese, and D.Suck (1993).
The X-ray structure of an atypical homeodomain present in the rat liver transcription factor LFB1/HNF1 and implications for DNA binding.
  EMBO J, 12, 1805-1810.
PDB code: 1lfb
8099440 T.N.Dear, I.Sanchez-Garcia, and T.H.Rabbitts (1993).
The HOX11 gene encodes a DNA-binding nuclear transcription factor belonging to a distinct family of homeobox genes.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 4431-4435.  
8290353 T.Theil, S.McLean-Hunter, M.Zörnig, and T.Möröy (1993).
Mouse Brn-3 family of POU transcription factors: a new aminoterminal domain is crucial for the oncogenic activity of Brn-3a.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 5921-5929.  
  8445719 W.Sun, M.O'Connell, and N.A.Speck (1993).
Characterization of a protein that binds multiple sequences in mammalian type C retrovirus enhancers.
  J Virol, 67, 1976-1986.  
7909943 Y.Margalit, S.Yarus, E.Shapira, Y.Gruenbaum, and A.Fainsod (1993).
Isolation and characterization of target sequences of the chicken CdxA homeobox gene.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 21, 4915-4922.  
1361230 A.D.Frankel (1992).
The importance of being flexible.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 11653.  
  1346762 A.Dorn, M.Affolter, M.Müller, W.J.Gehring, and W.Leupin (1992).
Distamycin-induced inhibition of homeodomain-DNA complexes.
  EMBO J, 11, 279-286.  
1535704 A.K.Dubey, and R.J.Roberts (1992).
Sequence-specific DNA binding by the MspI DNA methyltransferase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 20, 3167-3173.  
  1582410 A.M.Tymon, U.Kües, W.V.Richardson, and L.A.Casselton (1992).
A fungal mating type protein that regulates sexual and asexual development contains a POU-related domain.
  EMBO J, 11, 1805-1813.  
1739973 B.Gillissen, J.Bergemann, C.Sandmann, B.Schroeer, M.Bölker, and R.Kahmann (1992).
A two-component regulatory system for self/non-self recognition in Ustilago maydis.
  Cell, 68, 647-657.  
1731341 B.P.England, A.Admon, and R.Tjian (1992).
Cloning of Drosophila transcription factor Adf-1 reveals homology to Myb oncoproteins.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 683-687.  
1363401 C.Logan, M.C.Hanks, S.Noble-Topham, D.Nallainathan, N.J.Provart, and A.L.Joyner (1992).
Cloning and sequence comparison of the mouse, human, and chicken engrailed genes reveal potential functional domains and regulatory regions.
  Dev Genet, 13, 345-358.  
  1361172 C.P.Verrijzer, M.J.Alkema, W.W.van Weperen, H.C.Van Leeuwen, M.J.Strating, and P.C.van der Vliet (1992).
The DNA binding specificity of the bipartite POU domain and its subdomains.
  EMBO J, 11, 4993-5003.  
1423624 D.C.Tkachuk, S.Kohler, and M.L.Cleary (1992).
Involvement of a homolog of Drosophila trithorax by 11q23 chromosomal translocations in acute leukemias.
  Cell, 71, 691-700.  
  1348688 D.L.Cribbs, M.A.Pultz, D.Johnson, M.Mazzulla, and T.C.Kaufman (1992).
Structural complexity and evolutionary conservation of the Drosophila homeotic gene proboscipedia.
  EMBO J, 11, 1437-1449.  
1732062 D.L.Smith, and A.D.Johnson (1992).
A molecular mechanism for combinatorial control in yeast: MCM1 protein sets the spacing and orientation of the homeodomains of an alpha 2 dimer.
  Cell, 68, 133-142.  
1549559 D.Tzamarias, W.T.Pu, and K.Struhl (1992).
Mutations in the bZIP domain of yeast GCN4 that alter DNA-binding specificity.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 2007-2011.  
  1361171 D.Xue, M.Finney, G.Ruvkun, and M.Chalfie (1992).
Regulation of the mec-3 gene by the C.elegans homeoproteins UNC-86 and MEC-3.
  EMBO J, 11, 4969-4979.  
1361457 E.Brugnera, L.Xu, W.Schaffner, and D.N.Arnosti (1992).
POU-specific domain of Oct-2 factor confers 'octamer' motif DNA binding specificity on heterologous Antennapedia homeodomain.
  FEBS Lett, 314, 361-365.  
1369743 F.Banuett (1992).
Ustilago maydis, the delightful blight.
  Trends Genet, 8, 174-180.  
1372434 F.S.Jones, G.Chalepakis, P.Gruss, and G.M.Edelman (1992).
Activation of the cytotactin promoter by the homeobox-containing gene Evx-1.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 2091-2095.  
1358457 G.Vachon, B.Cohen, C.Pfeifle, M.E.McGuffin, J.Botas, and S.M.Cohen (1992).
Homeotic genes of the Bithorax complex repress limb development in the abdomen of the Drosophila embryo through the target gene Distal-less.
  Cell, 71, 437-450.  
1445286 J.Heitman (1992).
How the EcoRI endonuclease recognizes and cleaves DNA.
  Bioessays, 14, 445-454.  
  1356761 J.Müller, and M.Bienz (1992).
Sharp anterior boundary of homeotic gene expression conferred by the fushi tarazu protein.
  EMBO J, 11, 3653-3661.  
1349836 J.Mattsson, E.Söderman, M.Svenson, C.Borkird, and P.Engström (1992).
A new homeobox-leucine zipper gene from Arabidopsis thaliana.
  Plant Mol Biol, 18, 1019-1022.  
  1304904 J.Overington, D.Donnelly, M.S.Johnson, A.Sali, and T.L.Blundell (1992).
Environment-specific amino acid substitution tables: tertiary templates and prediction of protein folds.
  Protein Sci, 1, 216-226.  
1350195 J.Treisman, E.Harris, D.Wilson, and C.Desplan (1992).
The homeodomain: a new face for the helix-turn-helix?
  Bioessays, 14, 145-150.  
  1396594 K.Dehesh, H.Hung, J.M.Tepperman, and P.H.Quail (1992).
GT-2: a transcription factor with twin autonomous DNA-binding domains of closely related but different target sequence specificity.
  EMBO J, 11, 4131-4144.  
  1324175 K.M.Derbyshire, and N.D.Grindley (1992).
Binding of the IS903 transposase to its inverted repeat in vitro.
  EMBO J, 11, 3449-3455.  
1631139 K.Ogata, H.Hojo, S.Aimoto, T.Nakai, H.Nakamura, A.Sarai, S.Ishii, and Y.Nishimura (1992).
Solution structure of a DNA-binding unit of Myb: a helix-turn-helix-related motif with conserved tryptophans forming a hydrophobic core.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 6428-6432.  
  1628628 K.T.Hughes, P.C.Gaines, J.E.Karlinsey, R.Vinayak, and M.I.Simon (1992).
Sequence-specific interaction of the Salmonella Hin recombinase in both major and minor grooves of DNA.
  EMBO J, 11, 2695-2705.  
1469042 K.Yoda, K.Kitagawa, H.Masumoto, Y.Muro, and T.Okazaki (1992).
A human centromere protein, CENP-B, has a DNA binding domain containing four potential alpha helices at the NH2 terminus, which is separable from dimerizing activity.
  J Cell Biol, 119, 1413-1427.  
  1600947 L.E.Theill, K.Hattori, D.Lazzaro, J.L.Castrillo, and M.Karin (1992).
Differential splicing of the GHF1 primary transcript gives rise to two functionally distinct homeodomain proteins.
  EMBO J, 11, 2261-2269.  
  1429447 M.Merrick, and S.Chambers (1992).
The helix-turn-helix motif of sigma 54 is involved in recognition of the -13 promoter region.
  J Bacteriol, 174, 7221-7226.  
1346754 M.N.Treacy, L.I.Neilson, E.E.Turner, X.He, and M.G.Rosenfeld (1992).
Twin of I-POU: a two amino acid difference in the I-POU homeodomain distinguishes an activator from an inhibitor of transcription.
  Cell, 68, 491-505.  
1352400 M.Naito, Y.Kohara, and Y.Kurosawa (1992).
Identification of a homeobox-containing gene located between lin-45 and unc-24 on chromosome IV in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 20, 2967-2969.  
1349174 M.Schena, and R.W.Davis (1992).
HD-Zip proteins: members of an Arabidopsis homeodomain protein superfamily.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 3894-3898.  
1739977 M.Strubin, and K.Struhl (1992).
Yeast and human TFIID with altered DNA-binding specificity for TATA elements.
  Cell, 68, 721-730.  
  1508216 M.Zannini, H.Francis-Lang, D.Plachov, and R.Di Lauro (1992).
Pax-8, a paired domain-containing protein, binds to a sequence overlapping the recognition site of a homeodomain and activates transcription from two thyroid-specific promoters.
  Mol Cell Biol, 12, 4230-4241.  
  1639073 M.van de Wetering, and H.Clevers (1992).
Sequence-specific interaction of the HMG box proteins TCF-1 and SRY occurs within the minor groove of a Watson-Crick double helix.
  EMBO J, 11, 3039-3044.  
  1732727 R.Aurora, and W.Herr (1992).
Segments of the POU domain influence one another's DNA-binding specificity.
  Mol Cell Biol, 12, 455-467.  
1409566 R.Baumeister, G.Müller, B.Hecht, and W.Hillen (1992).
Functional roles of amino acid residues involved in forming the alpha-helix-turn-alpha-helix operator DNA binding motif of Tet repressor from Tn10.
  Proteins, 14, 168-177.  
1590941 R.Hromas, L.Zon, and A.D.Friedman (1992).
Hematopoietic transcription regulators and the origins of leukemia.
  Crit Rev Oncol Hematol, 12, 167-190.  
1350721 R.Krumlauf (1992).
Evolution of the vertebrate Hox homeobox genes.
  Bioessays, 14, 245-252.  
1353046 R.de Jong, L.de Laaf, H.Vennema, and F.Meijlink (1992).
DNA-binding activity of the murine homeodomain protein Hox-2.3 produced by a hybrid phage T7/vaccinia virus system.
  Gene, 116, 195-203.  
  1356765 S.C.Ekker, D.P.von Kessler, and P.A.Beachy (1992).
Differential DNA sequence recognition is a determinant of specificity in homeotic gene action.
  EMBO J, 11, 4059-4072.  
  1347746 S.Dessain, C.T.Gross, M.A.Kuziora, and W.McGinnis (1992).
Antp-type homeodomains have distinct DNA binding specificities that correlate with their different regulatory functions in embryos.
  EMBO J, 11, 991.  
15335978 S.S.Ner (1992).
HMGs everywhere.
  Curr Biol, 2, 208-210.  
1429878 T.Boulikas (1992).
Homeotic protein binding sites, origins of replication, and nuclear matrix anchorage sites share the ATTA and ATTTA motifs.
  J Cell Biochem, 50, 111-123.  
1473154 T.E.Ellenberger, C.J.Brandl, K.Struhl, and S.C.Harrison (1992).
The GCN4 basic region leucine zipper binds DNA as a dimer of uninterrupted alpha helices: crystal structure of the protein-DNA complex.
  Cell, 71, 1223-1237.
PDB code: 1ysa
  1639072 T.E.Haran, A.Joachimiak, and P.B.Sigler (1992).
The DNA target of the trp repressor.
  EMBO J, 11, 3021-3030.  
1363814 T.R.Bürglin, and G.Ruvkun (1992).
New motif in PBX genes.
  Nat Genet, 1, 319-320.  
1313337 U.Grieshammer, D.Sassoon, and N.Rosenthal (1992).
A transgene target for positional regulators marks early rostrocaudal specification of myogenic lineages.
  Cell, 69, 79-93.  
  1376248 U.Walldorf, and W.J.Gehring (1992).
Empty spiracles, a gap gene containing a homeobox involved in Drosophila head development.
  EMBO J, 11, 2247-2259.  
1357790 W.J.Gehring (1992).
The homeobox in perspective.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 17, 277-280.  
1346368 W.McGinnis, and R.Krumlauf (1992).
Homeobox genes and axial patterning.
  Cell, 68, 283-302.  
1359544 Y.Q.Qian, G.Otting, K.Furukubo-Tokunaga, M.Affolter, W.J.Gehring, and K.Wüthrich (1992).
NMR structure determination reveals that the homeodomain is connected through a flexible linker to the main body in the Drosophila Antennapedia protein.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 89, 10738-10742.  
2040012 A.D.Frankel, and P.S.Kim (1991).
Modular structure of transcription factors: implications for gene regulation.
  Cell, 65, 717-719.  
  1675428 B.Florence, R.Handrow, and A.Laughon (1991).
DNA-binding specificity of the fushi tarazu homeodomain.
  Mol Cell Biol, 11, 3613-3623.  
  1915275 C.P.Verrijzer, J.A.van Oosterhout, W.W.van Weperen, and P.C.van der Vliet (1991).
POU proteins bend DNA via the POU-specific domain.
  EMBO J, 10, 3007-3014.  
1682054 C.Wolberger, A.K.Vershon, B.Liu, A.D.Johnson, and C.O.Pabo (1991).
Crystal structure of a MAT alpha 2 homeodomain-operator complex suggests a general model for homeodomain-DNA interactions.
  Cell, 67, 517-528.
PDB code: 1apl
1682057 D.J.Epstein, M.Vekemans, and P.Gros (1991).
Splotch (Sp2H), a mutation affecting development of the mouse neural tube, shows a deletion within the paired homeodomain of Pax-3.
  Cell, 67, 767-774.  
1686166 D.J.Wolgemuth, C.M.Viviano, and F.Watrin (1991).
Expression of homeobox genes during spermatogenesis.
  Ann N Y Acad Sci, 637, 300-312.  
  1645782 D.Spector, F.Purves, and B.Roizman (1991).
Role of alpha-transinducing factor (VP16) in the induction of alpha genes within the context of viral genomes.
  J Virol, 65, 3504-3513.  
1675795 G.Damante, and R.Di Lauro (1991).
Several regions of Antennapedia and thyroid transcription factor 1 homeodomains contribute to DNA binding specificity.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88, 5388-5392.  
  1717258 G.L.Boulianne, A.de la Concha, J.A.Campos-Ortega, L.Y.Jan, and Y.N.Jan (1991).
The Drosophila neurogenic gene neuralized encodes a novel protein and is expressed in precursors of larval and adult neurons.
  EMBO J, 10, 2975-2983.  
1712407 G.Wolf, G.S.Kuncio, M.J.Sun, and E.G.Neilson (1991).
Expression of homeobox genes in a proximal tubular cell line derived from adult mice.
  Kidney Int, 39, 1027-1033.  
1645869 H.D.Royer, M.P.Freyaldenhoven, I.Napierski, D.D.Spitkovsky, T.Bauknecht, and N.Dathan (1991).
Delineation of human papillomavirus type 18 enhancer binding proteins: the intracellular distribution of a novel octamer binding protein p92 is cell cycle regulated.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 19, 2363-2371.  
1781030 H.R.Schöler (1991).
Octamania: the POU factors in murine development.
  Trends Genet, 7, 323-329.  
  1675603 I.Ruberti, G.Sessa, S.Lucchetti, and G.Morelli (1991).
A novel class of plant proteins containing a homeodomain with a closely linked leucine zipper motif.
  EMBO J, 10, 1787-1791.  
1957350 J.W.Schwabe, and D.Rhodes (1991).
Beyond zinc fingers: steroid hormone receptors have a novel structural motif for DNA recognition.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 16, 291-296.  
  1682799 K.Monica, N.Galili, J.Nourse, D.Saltman, and M.L.Cleary (1991).
PBX2 and PBX3, new homeobox genes with extensive homology to the human proto-oncogene PBX1.
  Mol Cell Biol, 11, 6149-6157.  
2001587 M.Affolter, A.Percival-Smith, M.Müller, M.Billeter, Y.Q.Qian, G.Otting, K.Wüthrich, and W.J.Gehring (1991).
Similarities between the homeodomain and the Hin recombinase DNA-binding domain.
  Cell, 64, 879-880.  
1892657 M.Carey (1991).
Mechanistic advances in eukaryotic gene activation.
  Curr Opin Cell Biol, 3, 452-460.  
1647556 M.E.Churchill, and A.A.Travers (1991).
Protein motifs that recognize structural features of DNA.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 16, 92-97.  
1678612 M.H.Porteus, A.Bulfone, R.D.Ciaranello, and J.L.Rubenstein (1991).
Isolation and characterization of a novel cDNA clone encoding a homeodomain that is developmentally regulated in the ventral forebrain.
  Neuron, 7, 221-229.  
  1645561 P.M.Cox, and C.R.Goding (1991).
Transcription and cancer.
  Br J Cancer, 63, 651-662.  
1674389 P.S.Budd, and I.J.Jackson (1991).
What do the regulators regulate? First glimpse downstream.
  Trends Genet, 7, 74-76.  
  1673656 S.C.Ekker, K.E.Young, D.P.von Kessler, and P.A.Beachy (1991).
Optimal DNA sequence recognition by the Ultrabithorax homeodomain of Drosophila.
  EMBO J, 10, 1179-1186.  
  1718739 S.Krauss, T.Johansen, V.Korzh, U.Moens, J.U.Ericson, and A.Fjose (1991).
Zebrafish pax[zf-a]: a paired box-containing gene expressed in the neural tube.
  EMBO J, 10, 3609-3619.  
  1756725 V.Zappavigna, A.Renucci, J.C.Izpisúa-Belmonte, G.Urier, C.Peschle, and D.Duboule (1991).
HOX4 genes encode transcription factors with potential auto- and cross-regulatory capacities.
  EMBO J, 10, 4177-4187.  
1873026 X.He, and M.G.Rosenfeld (1991).
Mechanisms of complex transcriptional regulation: implications for brain development.
  Neuron, 7, 183-196.  
1979524 S.Hayashi, and M.P.Scott (1990).
What determines the specificity of action of Drosophila homeodomain proteins?
  Cell, 63, 883-894.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

spacer

spacer