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PDBsum entry 1f88

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protein ligands metals Protein-protein interface(s) links
Signaling protein PDB id
1f88

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chains
338 a.a. *
305 a.a. *
Ligands
NAG-NAG ×3
NAG-NAG-MAN
RET ×2
Metals
_HG ×6
_ZN ×4
Waters ×27
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1f88
Name: Signaling protein
Title: Crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin
Structure: Rhodopsin. Chain: a, b
Source: Bos taurus. Cattle. Organism_taxid: 9913. Organ: retina. Other_details: bovine retina, rod cell outer segments
Biol. unit: Dimer (from PQS)
Resolution:
2.80Å     R-factor:   0.186     R-free:   0.238
Authors: T.Okada,K.Palczewski,R.E.Stenkamp,M.Miyano
Key ref:
K.Palczewski et al. (2000). Crystal structure of rhodopsin: A G protein-coupled receptor. Science, 289, 739-745. PubMed id: 10926528 DOI: 10.1126/science.289.5480.739
Date:
29-Jun-00     Release date:   04-Aug-00    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P02699  (OPSD_BOVIN) -  Rhodopsin from Bos taurus
Seq:
Struc:
348 a.a.
338 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P02699  (OPSD_BOVIN) -  Rhodopsin from Bos taurus
Seq:
Struc:
348 a.a.
305 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 

 
DOI no: 10.1126/science.289.5480.739 Science 289:739-745 (2000)
PubMed id: 10926528  
 
 
Crystal structure of rhodopsin: A G protein-coupled receptor.
K.Palczewski, T.Kumasaka, T.Hori, C.A.Behnke, H.Motoshima, B.A.Fox, I.Le Trong, D.C.Teller, T.Okada, R.E.Stenkamp, M.Yamamoto, M.Miyano.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
Heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs) respond to a variety of different external stimuli and activate G proteins. GPCRs share many structural features, including a bundle of seven transmembrane alpha helices connected by six loops of varying lengths. We determined the structure of rhodopsin from diffraction data extending to 2.8 angstroms resolution. The highly organized structure in the extracellular region, including a conserved disulfide bridge, forms a basis for the arrangement of the seven-helix transmembrane motif. The ground-state chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, holds the transmembrane region of the protein in the inactive conformation. Interactions of the chromophore with a cluster of key residues determine the wavelength of the maximum absorption. Changes in these interactions among rhodopsins facilitate color discrimination. Identification of a set of residues that mediate interactions between the transmembrane helices and the cytoplasmic surface, where G-protein activation occurs, also suggests a possible structural change upon photoactivation.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 2.
Fig. 2. Ribbon drawings of rhodopsin. (A) Parallel to the plane of the membrane (stereoview). A view into the membrane plane is seen from the cytoplasmic (B) and intradiscal side (C) of the membrane.
Figure 5.
Fig. 5. Structural details for four regions in rhodopsin. (A) The E-II loop near the disulfide bridge connecting Cys110 and Cys187, viewed from extracellular side. (B) The C-IV cytoplasmic loop from Lys311 to Leu321 forming a short amphiphillic helix (H-VIII). (C) Interhelical hydrogen bonds mediated by a highly conserved Asn55, connecting H-I, H-II, and H-VII, and by Asn78 for H-II, H-III, and H-IV. (D) The tripeptide region, Glu134-Arg135-Tyr136, known as a (D/E)R(Y/W) motif located near the cytoplasmic end of H-III.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from the AAAs: Science (2000, 289, 739-745) copyright 2000.  
  Figures were selected by an automated process.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
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High-resolution crystal structure of human protease-activated receptor 1.
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PDB code: 3vw7
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Structure of the human κ-opioid receptor in complex with JDTic.
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PDB code: 4djh
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Structure of the human M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor bound to an antagonist.
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PDB code: 3uon
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PDB code: 2lnl
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G-protein-coupled receptor inactivation by an allosteric inverse-agonist antibody.
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PDB codes: 3vg9 3vga
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PDB code: 3pds
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PDB codes: 2ydo 2ydv
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PDB codes: 3pqr 3pxo
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PDB code: 3rze
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Retinal release from opsin in molecular dynamics simulations.
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Comparison analysis of primary ligand-binding sites in seven-helix membrane proteins.
  Biopolymers, 95, 31-38.  
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The Roles of Transmembrane Domain Helix-III during Rhodopsin Photoactivation.
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PDB code: 3pbl
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Membrane protein prediction methods.
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A monomeric G protein-coupled receptor isolated in a high-density lipoprotein particle efficiently activates its G protein.
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The sense of smell: molecular basis of odorant recognition.
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Statistical prediction of protein chemical interactions based on chemical structure and mass spectrometry data.
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Avian visual pigments: characteristics, spectral tuning, and evolution.
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Seeing the light: new insights into the molecular pathogenesis of retinal diseases.
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PDB codes: 2r4r 2r4s
17360618 S.M.Hanson, E.V.Gurevich, S.A.Vishnivetskiy, M.R.Ahmed, X.Song, and V.V.Gurevich (2007).
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Structures of the extracellular regions of the group II/III metabotropic glutamate receptors.
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PDB codes: 2e4u 2e4v 2e4w 2e4x 2e4y 2e4z
17868161 T.Noeske, A.Jirgensons, I.Starchenkovs, S.Renner, I.Jaunzeme, D.Trifanova, M.Hechenberger, T.Bauer, V.Kauss, C.G.Parsons, G.Schneider, and T.Weil (2007).
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Cysteinyl-leukotrienes and their receptors in asthma and other inflammatory diseases: critical update and emerging trends.
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Extension of Drosophila melanogaster life span with a GPCR peptide inhibitor.
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17245489 X.Tang, and I.J.Dmochowski (2007).
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Microbial rhodopsins: functional versatility and genetic mobility.
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Ligand-supported homology modeling of the human angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor: insights into the molecular determinants of telmisartan binding.
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Model of the whole rat AT1 receptor and the ligand-binding site.
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Drug-protein interaction with Vpu from HIV-1: proposing binding sites for amiloride and one of its derivatives.
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Comparative chemosensation from receptors to ecology.
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Chemogenomics: structuring the drug discovery process to gene families.
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Cell-free expression as an emerging technique for the large scale production of integral membrane protein.
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Cannabinoid CB1 receptor recognition of endocannabinoids via the lipid bilayer: molecular dynamics simulations of CB1 transmembrane helix 6 and anandamide in a phospholipid bilayer.
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Crystal structure of a photoactivated deprotonated intermediate of rhodopsin.
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PDB codes: 2i35 2i36 2i37
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Ab initio computational modeling of loops in G-protein-coupled receptors: lessons from the crystal structure of rhodopsin.
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Novel benzodiazepine photoaffinity probe stereoselectively labels a site deep within the membrane-spanning domain of the cholecystokinin receptor.
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16905195 F.Boeckler, and P.Gmeiner (2006).
The structural evolution of dopamine D3 receptor ligands: structure-activity relationships and selected neuropharmacological aspects.
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Inactive and active states and supramolecular organization of GPCRs: insights from computational modeling.
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17054016 F.Soltanshahi, T.E.Mansley, S.Choi, and R.D.Clark (2006).
Balancing focused combinatorial libraries based on multiple GPCR ligands.
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16547945 G.L.Fain (2006).
Why photoreceptors die (and why they don't).
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The Structural Biology Center 19ID undulator beamline: facility specifications and protein crystallographic results.
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Local peptide movement in the photoreaction intermediate of rhodopsin.
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PDB code: 2hpy
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Crystallographic analysis of primary visual photochemistry.
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PDB code: 2g87
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Effects of i and i+3 residue identity on cis-trans isomerism of the aromatic(i+1)-prolyl(i+2) amide bond: implications for type VI beta-turn formation.
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A transmembrane helix-bundle from G-protein coupled receptor CB2: biosynthesis, purification, and NMR characterization.
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Evolution of melanopsin photoreceptors: discovery and characterization of a new melanopsin in nonmammalian vertebrates.
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Heterotrimeric g proteins: insights into the neurobiology of mood disorders.
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Probing a model of a GPCR/ligand complex in an explicit membrane environment: the human cholecystokinin-1 receptor.
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Switching modes for G protein-coupled receptor activation.
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A chemogenomic analysis of the transmembrane binding cavity of human G-protein-coupled receptors.
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Insight into the binding mode for cyclopentapeptide antagonists of the CXCR4 receptor.
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The predicted 3D structures of the human M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor with agonist or antagonist bound.
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Interrogating the druggable genome with structural informatics.
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A two-entropies analysis to identify functional positions in the transmembrane region of class A G protein-coupled receptors.
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Manipulating phospholipids for crystallization of a membrane transport protein.
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Structural basis of chemokine receptor function--a model for binding affinity and ligand selectivity.
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Autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa and E150K mutation in the opsin gene.
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Novel retinylidene iminium salts for defining opsin shifts: synthesis and intrinsic chromophoric properties.
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Structural determinants for G-protein activation and specificity in the third intracellular loop of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.
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The role of the 11-cis-retinal ring methyl substituents in visual pigment formation.
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G-protein-coupled receptors: evolving views on physiological signalling: symposium on G-protein-coupled receptors: evolving concepts and new techniques.
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Sequential unfolding of individual helices of bacterioopsin observed in molecular dynamics simulations of extraction from the purple membrane.
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Enhancing functional production of G protein-coupled receptors in Pichia pastoris to levels required for structural studies via a single expression screen.
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15666329 S.De Luca, M.Sanseverino, I.Zocchi, C.Pedone, G.Morelli, and R.Ragone (2005).
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Techniques: Recent developments in computer-aided engineering of GPCR ligands using the human adenosine A3 receptor as an example.
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15978051 T.Kokkola, O.M.Salo, A.Poso, and J.T.Laitinen (2005).
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15971205 V.P.Jaakola, M.Rehn, M.Moeller, U.Alexiev, A.Goldman, and G.J.Turner (2005).
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16149769 V.P.Jaakola, M.Vainio, S.Sen, M.Rehn, H.Heimo, M.Scheinin, and A.Goldman (2005).
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Purification and mass spectroscopic analysis of human CB1 cannabinoid receptor functionally expressed using the baculovirus system.
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PDB code: 1y2l
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Using bioinformatics for drug target identification from the genome.
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A purified agonist-activated G-protein coupled receptor: truncated octopus Acid Metarhodopsin.
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Vertebrate ultraviolet visual pigments: protonation of the retinylidene Schiff base and a counterion switch during photoactivation.
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PDB code: 1uv3
15619328 A.L.Elefsinioti, P.G.Bagos, I.C.Spyropoulos, and S.J.Hamodrakas (2004).
A database for G proteins and their interaction with GPCRs.
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Sphingosine 1-phosphate and lysophosphatidic acid receptors: agonist and antagonist binding and progress toward development of receptor-specific ligands.
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Computational design of water-soluble analogues of the potassium channel KcsA.
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14746508 A.M.Spiegel, and L.S.Weinstein (2004).
Inherited diseases involving g proteins and g protein-coupled receptors.
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14997561 A.W.Partridge, A.G.Therien, and C.M.Deber (2004).
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Functional characterization of rhodopsin monomers and dimers in detergents.
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15163592 B.L.Roth, E.Lopez, S.Beischel, R.B.Westkaemper, and J.M.Evans (2004).
Screening the receptorome to discover the molecular targets for plant-derived psychoactive compounds: a novel approach for CNS drug discovery.
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14670966 C.L.Herold, A.D.Qi, T.K.Harden, and R.A.Nicholas (2004).
Agonist versus antagonist action of ATP at the P2Y4 receptor is determined by the second extracellular loop.
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15326300 C.R.Grace, M.H.Perrin, M.R.DiGruccio, C.L.Miller, J.E.Rivier, W.W.Vale, and R.Riek (2004).
NMR structure and peptide hormone binding site of the first extracellular domain of a type B1 G protein-coupled receptor.
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PDB code: 1u34
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The G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin in the native membrane.
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15561589 D.R.Flower, and T.K.Attwood (2004).
Integrative bioinformatics for functional genome annotation: trawling for G protein-coupled receptors.
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The differential sensitivity of human and rhesus macaque CCR5 to small-molecule inhibitors of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry is explained by a single amino acid difference and suggests a mechanism of action for these inhibitors.
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15296729 F.Mancia, S.D.Patel, M.W.Rajala, P.E.Scherer, A.Nemes, I.Schieren, W.A.Hendrickson, and L.Shapiro (2004).
Optimization of protein production in mammalian cells with a coexpressed fluorescent marker.
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15054892 F.Naider, R.Estephan, J.Englander, V.V.Suresh Babu, E.Arevalo, K.Samples, and J.M.Becker (2004).
Sexual conjugation in yeast: A paradigm to study G-protein-coupled receptor domain structure.
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Identification of a novel family of G protein-coupled receptor associated sorting proteins.
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15270730 G.A.Auger, B.M.Smith, J.E.Pease, and M.D.Barker (2004).
The use of membrane translocating peptides to identify sites of interaction between the C5a receptor and downstream effector proteins.
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15174168 H.Gutiérrez-de-Terán, M.Pastor, N.B.Centeno, J.Aqvist, and F.Sanz (2004).
Comparative analysis of putative agonist-binding modes in the human A1 adenosine receptor.
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Novel approaches for modeling of the A1 adenosine receptor and its agonist binding site.
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15130479 H.Janovjak, J.Struckmeier, M.Hubain, A.Kedrov, M.Kessler, and D.J.Müller (2004).
Probing the energy landscape of the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin.
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15044695 I.Gomes, A.Gupta, J.Filipovska, H.H.Szeto, J.E.Pintar, and L.A.Devi (2004).
A role for heterodimerization of mu and delta opiate receptors in enhancing morphine analgesia.
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15339806 J.A.Gascon, and V.S.Batista (2004).
QM/MM study of energy storage and molecular rearrangements due to the primary event in vision.
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Patterns of retinal light absorption related to retinitis pigmentosa mutants from in silico model structures of rhodopsin.
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A microdomain formed by the extracellular ends of the transmembrane domains promotes activation of the G protein-coupled alpha-factor receptor.
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Conformational sampling and dynamics of membrane proteins from 10-nanosecond computer simulations.
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Electron crystallography reveals the structure of metarhodopsin I.
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Differential dynamics in the G protein-coupled receptor rhodopsin revealed by solution NMR.
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15165176 J.Kopp, and T.Schwede (2004).
Automated protein structure homology modeling: a progress report.
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Structural origins of constitutive activation in rhodopsin: Role of the K296/E113 salt bridge.
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15156566 J.Yu, B.Liu, D.Eramian, D.Mierke, L.Taylor, and P.Polgar (2004).
K317, R319, and E320 within the proximal C-terminus of the bradykinin B2 receptor form a motif important for phospholipase C and phospholipase A2 but not connective tissue growth factor related signaling.
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14990463 K.A.Selz, A.J.Mandell, M.F.Shlesinger, V.Arcuragi, and M.J.Owens (2004).
Designing human m1 muscarinic receptor-targeted hydrophobic eigenmode matched peptides as functional modulators.
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15183327 K.H.Bleicher, L.G.Green, R.E.Martin, and M.Rogers-Evans (2004).
Ligand identification for G-protein-coupled receptors: a lead generation perspective.
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15233797 K.H.Ruan, J.Wu, S.P.So, L.A.Jenkins, and C.H.Ruan (2004).
NMR structure of the thromboxane A2 receptor ligand recognition pocket.
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Molecular mechanisms of ligand binding, signaling, and regulation within the superfamily of G-protein-coupled receptors: molecular modeling and mutagenesis approaches to receptor structure and function.
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Optimal bundling of transmembrane helices using sparse distance constraints.
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The supramolecular structure of the GPCR rhodopsin in solution and native disc membranes.
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Non-xanthine antagonists for the adenosine A1 receptor.
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15351779 L.Rivail, M.Giner, M.Gastineau, M.Berthouze, J.L.Soulier, R.Fischmeister, F.Lezoualc'h, B.Maigret, S.Sicsic, and I.Berque-Bestel (2004).
New insights into the human 5-HT4 receptor binding site: exploration of a hydrophobic pocket.
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14704269 L.Shi, and J.A.Javitch (2004).
The second extracellular loop of the dopamine D2 receptor lines the binding-site crevice.
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A naturally occurring mutation of the opsin gene (T4R) in dogs affects glycosylation and stability of the G protein-coupled receptor.
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Modeling and simulation of the human delta opioid receptor.
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Recent advances in selective opioid receptor agonists and antagonists.
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Helical packing patterns in membrane and soluble proteins.
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Structural models of the photointermediates in the rhodopsin photocascade, lumirhodopsin, metarhodopsin I, and metarhodopsin II.
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Ligand-binding modes in cationic biogenic amine receptors.
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Variety of genotypes in males diagnosed as dichromatic on a conventional clinical anomaloscope.
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Ligand-induced rearrangement of the dimeric metabotropic glutamate receptor 1alpha.
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15189164 M.Waldhoer, S.E.Bartlett, and J.L.Whistler (2004).
Opioid receptors.
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Primary events in dim light vision: a chemical and spectroscopic approach toward understanding protein/chromophore interactions in rhodopsin.
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G protein-coupled receptors: in silico drug discovery in 3D.
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Prediction of the odorant binding site of olfactory receptor proteins by human-mouse comparisons.
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Predicted 3D structure for the human beta 2 adrenergic receptor and its binding site for agonists and antagonists.
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Toward the active conformations of rhodopsin and the beta2-adrenergic receptor.
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Oligomerization of G protein-coupled receptors: past, present, and future.
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Disease-causing V(2) vasopressin receptors are retained in different compartments of the early secretory pathway.
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Historical review: a brief history and personal retrospective of seven-transmembrane receptors.
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A highly conserved candidate chemoreceptor expressed in both olfactory and gustatory tissues in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae.
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First principles predictions of the structure and function of g-protein-coupled receptors: validation for bovine rhodopsin.
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Structural features of the inactive and active states of the melanin-concentrating hormone receptors: insights from molecular simulations.
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Analysis of the thyrotropin receptor-thyrotropin interaction by comparative modeling.
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15060001 R.P.Lane, J.Young, T.Newman, and B.J.Trask (2004).
Species specificity in rodent pheromone receptor repertoires.
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An automatic method for predicting transmembrane protein structures using cryo-EM and evolutionary data.
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A Calpha model for the transmembrane alpha helices of gap junction intercellular channels.
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PDB code: 1txh
14977394 S.J.Singer (2004).
Some early history of membrane molecular biology.
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15467253 S.Katada, and K.Touhara (2004).
[A molecular basis for odorant recognition: olfactory receptor pharmacology]
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PREDICT modeling and in-silico screening for G-protein coupled receptors.
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The evolution of transmembrane helix kinks and the structural diversity of G protein-coupled receptors.
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PDB codes: 1q5i 1q5j
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The organizing principle in the formation of the T cell receptor-CD3 complex.
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Advances in determination of a high-resolution three-dimensional structure of rhodopsin, a model of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs).
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Structural properties of a highly polyunsaturated lipid bilayer from molecular dynamics simulations.
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11258947 M.A.Verhoeven, A.F.Creemers, P.H.Bovee-Geurts, W.J.De Grip, J.Lugtenburg, and H.J.de Groot (2001).
Ultra-high-field MAS NMR assay of a multispin labeled ligand bound to its G-protein receptor target in the natural membrane environment: electronic structure of the retinylidene chromophore in rhodopsin.
  Biochemistry, 40, 3282-3288.  
11320239 M.C.Loewen, J.Klein-Seetharaman, E.V.Getmanova, P.J.Reeves, H.Schwalbe, and H.G.Khorana (2001).
Solution 19F nuclear Overhauser effects in structural studies of the cytoplasmic domain of mammalian rhodopsin.
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11520918 M.E.Burns, and D.A.Baylor (2001).
Activation, deactivation, and adaptation in vertebrate photoreceptor cells.
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11499253 M.Gurrath (2001).
[The race for a new target. The human AT1 receptor]
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11566136 M.Han, V.V.Gurevich, S.A.Vishnivetskiy, P.B.Sigler, and C.Schubert (2001).
Crystal structure of beta-arrestin at 1.9 A: possible mechanism of receptor binding and membrane Translocation.
  Structure, 9, 869-880.
PDB codes: 1g4m 1g4r
11498053 M.J.Kennedy, K.A.Lee, G.A.Niemi, K.B.Craven, G.G.Garwin, J.C.Saari, and J.B.Hurley (2001).
Multiple phosphorylation of rhodopsin and the in vivo chemistry underlying rod photoreceptor dark adaptation.
  Neuron, 31, 87.  
11463644 M.Katragadda, J.L.Alderfer, and P.L.Yeagle (2001).
Assembly of a polytopic membrane protein structure from the solution structures of overlapping peptide fragments of bacteriorhodopsin.
  Biophys J, 81, 1029-1036.
PDB code: 1l0m
11502258 N.D.Dwyer, C.E.Adler, J.G.Crump, N.D.L'Etoile, and C.I.Bargmann (2001).
Polarized dendritic transport and the AP-1 mu1 clathrin adaptor UNC-101 localize odorant receptors to olfactory cilia.
  Neuron, 31, 277-287.  
11353823 P.Ghanouni, J.J.Steenhuis, D.L.Farrens, and B.K.Kobilka (2001).
Agonist-induced conformational changes in the G-protein-coupling domain of the beta 2 adrenergic receptor.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 5997-6002.  
11701344 P.R.Albert, and M.Tiberi (2001).
Receptor signaling and structure: insights from serotonin-1 receptors.
  Trends Endocrinol Metab, 12, 453-460.  
11470611 P.R.Caron, M.D.Mullican, R.D.Mashal, K.P.Wilson, M.S.Su, and M.A.Murcko (2001).
Chemogenomic approaches to drug discovery.
  Curr Opin Chem Biol, 5, 464-470.  
11344266 P.Rondard, T.Iiri, S.Srinivasan, E.Meng, T.Fujita, and H.R.Bourne (2001).
Mutant G protein alpha subunit activated by Gbeta gamma: a model for receptor activation?
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 6150-6155.  
11257583 P.Sanseau (2001).
Impact of human genome sequencing for in silico target discovery.
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11559856 Q.Wang, Q.Chen, K.Zhao, L.Wang, L.Wang, and E.I.Traboulsi (2001).
Update on the molecular genetics of retinitis pigmentosa.
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11720992 R.Arimoto, O.G.Kisselev, G.M.Makara, and G.R.Marshall (2001).
Rhodopsin-transducin interface: studies with conformationally constrained peptides.
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12762056 R.Beckmann, C.M.Spahn, J.Frank, and G.Blobel (2001).
The active 80S ribosome-Sec61 complex.
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11701126 R.Beckmann, C.M.Spahn, N.Eswar, J.Helmers, P.A.Penczek, A.Sali, J.Frank, and G.Blobel (2001).
Architecture of the protein-conducting channel associated with the translating 80S ribosome.
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11746826 R.J.Bienstock, and J.C.Barrett (2001).
KAI1, a prostate metastasis suppressor: prediction of solvated structure and interactions with binding partners; integrins, cadherins, and cell-surface receptor proteins.
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11766751 S.Akashi, and K.Takio (2001).
Structure of melittin bound to phospholipid micelles studied using hydrogen-deuterium exchange and electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry.
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11252726 S.Claeysen, M.Sebben, C.Bécamel, M.L.Parmentier, A.Dumuis, and J.Bockaert (2001).
Constitutively active mutants of 5-HT4 receptors are they in unique active states?
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11468350 S.Dastmalchi, M.B.Morris, and W.B.Church (2001).
Modeling of the structural features of integral-membrane proteins reverse-environment prediction of integral membrane protein structure (REPIMPS).
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11266632 S.Jayasinghe, K.Hristova, and S.H.White (2001).
MPtopo: A database of membrane protein topology.
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11579443 S.Shacham, M.Topf, N.Avisar, F.Glaser, Y.Marantz, S.Bar-Haim, S.Noiman, Z.Naor, and O.M.Becker (2001).
Modeling the 3D structure of GPCRs from sequence.
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11298738 S.Yamaguchi, K.Yonebayashi, H.Konishi, S.Tuzi, A.Naito, J.K.Lanyi, R.Needleman, and H.Saitô (2001).
Cytoplasmic surface structure of bacteriorhodopsin consisting of interhelical loops and C-terminal alpha helix, modified by a variety of environmental factors as studied by (13)C-NMR.
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The molecular genetics and evolution of red and green color vision in vertebrates.
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11170466 T.Hirano, H.Imai, H.Kandori, and Y.Shichida (2001).
Chloride effect on iodopsin studied by low-temperature visible and infrared spectroscopies.
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11714918 T.J.Stevens, and I.T.Arkin (2001).
Substitution rates in alpha-helical transmembrane proteins.
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11676201 T.Nagatomo, T.Ohnuki, M.Ishiguro, M.Ahmed, and T.Nakamura (2001).
Beta-adrenoceptors: three-dimensional structures and binding sites for ligands.
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11343925 T.Okada, O.P.Ernst, K.Palczewski, and K.P.Hofmann (2001).
Activation of rhodopsin: new insights from structural and biochemical studies.
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11325604 T.S.Stantchev, and C.C.Broder (2001).
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and chemokines: beyond competition for common cellular receptors.
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11519073 W.Blenau, and A.Baumann (2001).
Molecular and pharmacological properties of insect biogenic amine receptors: lessons from Drosophila melanogaster and Apis mellifera.
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12203622 W.Gärtner (2001).
The Light Shall Show the Way-Or: The Conformational Changes of the Retinal Chromophore in Rhodopsin upon Light Activation.
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On the bioactive conformation of the rhodopsin chromophore: absolute sense of twist around the 6-s-cis bond.
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11241654 Y.Ogawa, W.Hahn, P.Garnier, N.Higashi, D.Massotte, M.H.Metz-Boutigue, B.Rousseau, J.Sunamoto, G.Ourisson, and Y.Nakatani (2001).
Mid-Membrane Photolabeling of the Transmembrane Domain of Glycophorin A in Phospholipid Vesicles This work was supported in part by the Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), the Université Louis Pasteur (ULP) "Supermolecules" Joint Research Project, and the European Union (DG-XII, contract PL 950990). We are grateful for support granted by JST to N.H., by the Herrmann-Schlosser Stiftung and the Stiftung zur Förderung Körperbehinderter to W.H., and by the "Société des Amis des Sciences" of France to P.G. We also thank Dr. F. Pattus, Dr. G. Crémel, Dr. P. Hubert, Dr. A. Van Dorsselaer (Strasbourg), Dr. J. L. Rigaud, and Dr. J. L. Popot (Paris) for stimulating discussions.
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Molecular genetics and the evolution of ultraviolet vision in vertebrates.
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The cytoplasmic tail of the D1A receptor subtype: identification of specific domains controlling dopamine cellular responsiveness.
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Modeling and docking the endothelin G-protein-coupled receptor.
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11106382 A.Terakita, T.Yamashita, and Y.Shichida (2000).
Highly conserved glutamic acid in the extracellular IV-V loop in rhodopsins acts as the counterion in retinochrome, a member of the rhodopsin family.
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11112532 H.Xie, F.X.Ding, D.Schreiber, G.Eng, S.F.Liu, B.Arshava, E.Arevalo, J.M.Becker, and F.Naider (2000).
Synthesis and biophysical analysis of transmembrane domains of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae G protein-coupled receptor.
  Biochemistry, 39, 15462-15474.  
11031241 J.L.Spudich, C.S.Yang, K.H.Jung, and E.N.Spudich (2000).
Retinylidene proteins: structures and functions from archaea to humans.
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11169924 K.Chaturvedi, K.H.Christoffers, K.Singh, and R.D.Howells (2000).
Structure and regulation of opioid receptors.
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11121576 M.S.Sansom, and H.Weinstein (2000).
Hinges, swivels and switches: the role of prolines in signalling via transmembrane alpha-helices.
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11052218 S.C.Sealfon, and C.W.Olanow (2000).
Dopamine receptors: from structure to behavior.
  Trends Neurosci, 23, S34-S40.  
  11206073 S.M.Yu, D.T.McQuade, M.A.Quinn, C.P.Hackenberger, M.P.Krebs, A.S.Polans, and S.H.Gellman (2000).
An improved tripod amphiphile for membrane protein solubilization.
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11106502 Y.Imamoto, M.Kataoka, F.Tokunaga, and K.Palczewski (2000).
Light-induced conformational changes of rhodopsin probed by fluorescent alexa594 immobilized on the cytoplasmic surface.
  Biochemistry, 39, 15225-15233.  
11101306 Y.K.Yang, T.M.Fong, C.J.Dickinson, C.Mao, J.Y.Li, M.R.Tota, R.Mosley, L.H.Van Der Ploeg, and I.Gantz (2000).
Molecular determinants of ligand binding to the human melanocortin-4 receptor.
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The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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