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PDBsum entry 1awj
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Transferase PDB id
1awj

 

 

 

 

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Contents
Protein chain
77 a.a. *
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1awj
Name: Transferase
Title: Intramolecular itk-proline complex, nmr, minimized average structure
Structure: Itk. Chain: a. Fragment: sh3-proline domains. Synonym: il-2-inducible t-cell kinase. Engineered: yes
Source: Mus musculus. House mouse. Organism_taxid: 10090. Organ: thymus. Cell: t-cell. Expressed in: escherichia coli bl21. Expression_system_taxid: 511693.
NMR struc: 1 models
Authors: A.H.Andreotti,S.C.Bunnell,S.Feng,L.J.Berg,S.L.Schreiber
Key ref: A.H.Andreotti et al. (1997). Regulatory intramolecular association in a tyrosine kinase of the Tec family. Nature, 385, 93-97. PubMed id: 8985255
Date:
02-Oct-97     Release date:   14-Jan-98    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q03526  (ITK_MOUSE) -  Tyrosine-protein kinase ITK/TSK from Mus musculus
Seq:
Struc: 		 
Seq:
Struc: 		625 a.a.
77 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: E.C.2.7.10.2  - non-specific protein-tyrosine kinase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: L-tyrosyl-[protein] + ATP = O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] + ADP + H+
L-tyrosyl-[protein]
 + ATP
 = O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein]
 + ADP
 + H(+)
Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the KEGG ftp site

 

 
    Added reference    
 
 
Nature 385:93-97 (1997)
PubMed id: 8985255  
 
 
Regulatory intramolecular association in a tyrosine kinase of the Tec family.
A.H.Andreotti, S.C.Bunnell, S.Feng, L.J.Berg, S.L.Schreiber.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The T-cell-specific tyrosine kinase Itk is a member of the Tec family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases, and is required for signalling through the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). The role of Itk in TCR signalling and the manner in which Itk activity is regulated are not well understood. Substrate binding and enzymatic activity of the structurally related Src kinases are regulated by an intramolecular interaction between the Src-homology-2 (SH2) domain and a phosphotyrosine. Although Itk also contains SH3, SH2 and tyrosine kinase domains, it lacks the corresponding regulatory phosphorylation site, and therefore must be regulated by an alternative mechanism. The proline-rich sequence adjacent to the SH3 domain of Tec family kinases contains an SH3 ligand, potentially allowing a different intramolecular interaction. By using multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance we have determined the structure of a fragment of Itk, confirming that these domains interact intramolecularly. Formation of this intramolecular SH3-ligand complex prevents the Itk SH3 domain and proline-rich region from interacting with their respective protein ligands, Sam68 and Grb-2. We believe that this structure represents the first example of an intramolecular interaction between an SH3 domain and a proline-rich ligand, and has implications for the regulation of Tec family kinases.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
20432460 K.Mahajan, and N.P.Mahajan (2010).
Shepherding AKT and androgen receptor by Ack1 tyrosine kinase.
  J Cell Physiol, 224, 327-333.  
20237289 L.Min, W.Wu, R.E.Joseph, D.B.Fulton, L.Berg, and A.H.Andreotti (2010).
Disrupting the intermolecular self-association of Itk enhances T cell signaling.
  J Immunol, 184, 4228-4235.  
19361414 A.Severin, R.E.Joseph, S.Boyken, D.B.Fulton, and A.H.Andreotti (2009).
Proline isomerization preorganizes the Itk SH2 domain for binding to the Itk SH3 domain.
  J Mol Biol, 387, 726-743.  
19290923 J.A.Readinger, K.L.Mueller, A.M.Venegas, R.Horai, and P.L.Schwartzberg (2009).
Tec kinases regulate T-lymphocyte development and function: new insights into the roles of Itk and Rlk/Txk.
  Immunol Rev, 228, 93.  
19689375 N.Sahu, and A.August (2009).
ITK inhibitors in inflammation and immune-mediated disorders.
  Curr Top Med Chem, 9, 690-703.  
19717557 Q.Qi, and A.August (2009).
The Tec family kinase Itk exists as a folded monomer in vivo.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 29882-29892.  
19290922 R.E.Joseph, and A.H.Andreotti (2009).
Conformational snapshots of Tec kinases during signaling.
  Immunol Rev, 228, 74-92.  
18320328 A.Severin, D.B.Fulton, and A.H.Andreotti (2008).
Murine Itk SH3 domain.
  J Biomol NMR, 40, 285-290.  
18512796 O.Popa-Nita, L.Marois, G.Paré, and P.H.Naccache (2008).
Crystal-induced neutrophil activation: X. Proinflammatory role of the tyrosine kinase Tec.
  Arthritis Rheum, 58, 1866-1876.  
17624943 J.Gomez-Rodriguez, J.A.Readinger, I.C.Viorritto, K.L.Mueller, R.A.Houghtling, and P.L.Schwartzberg (2007).
Tec kinases, actin, and cell adhesion.
  Immunol Rev, 218, 45-64.  
17652306 Q.Qi, and A.August (2007).
Keeping the (kinase) party going: SLP-76 and ITK dance to the beat.
  Sci STKE, 2007, pe39.  
17189480 Q.Wang, M.A.Deloia, Y.Kang, C.Litchke, N.Zhang, M.A.Titus, and K.J.Walters (2007).
The SH3 domain of a M7 interacts with its C-terminal proline-rich region.
  Protein Sci, 16, 189-196.
PDB code: 2i0n
17897671 R.E.Joseph, D.B.Fulton, and A.H.Andreotti (2007).
Mechanism and functional significance of Itk autophosphorylation.
  J Mol Biol, 373, 1281-1292.  
17823122 X.Jiang, R.A.Borgesi, N.C.McKnight, R.Kaur, C.L.Carpenter, and S.P.Balk (2007).
Activation of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Bmx/Etk mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and ErbB3 in prostate cancer cells.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 32689-32698.  
17420479 Y.Bogin, C.Ainey, D.Beach, and D.Yablonski (2007).
SLP-76 mediates and maintains activation of the Tec family kinase ITK via the T cell antigen receptor-induced association between SLP-76 and ITK.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 6638-6643.  
16341044 B.Streubel, U.Vinatzer, M.Willheim, M.Raderer, and A.Chott (2006).
Novel t(5;9)(q33;q22) fuses ITK to SYK in unspecified peripheral T-cell lymphoma.
  Leukemia, 20, 313-318.  
17096593 D.Korkin, F.P.Davis, F.Alber, T.Luong, M.Y.Shen, V.Lucic, M.B.Kennedy, and A.Sali (2006).
Structural modeling of protein interactions by analogy: application to PSD-95.
  PLoS Comput Biol, 2, e153.  
16891373 H.X.Zhou (2006).
Quantitative relation between intermolecular and intramolecular binding of pro-rich peptides to SH3 domains.
  Biophys J, 91, 3170-3181.  
16777958 M.L.Galisteo, Y.Yang, J.Ureña, and J.Schlessinger (2006).
Activation of the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Ack by multiple extracellular stimuli.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 9796-9801.  
16644733 M.R.Schiller, K.Chakrabarti, G.F.King, N.I.Schiller, B.A.Eipper, and M.W.Maciejewski (2006).
Regulation of RhoGEF activity by intramolecular and intermolecular SH3 domain interactions.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 18774-18786.
PDB code: 1u3o
17060314 Q.Qi, N.Sahu, and A.August (2006).
Tec kinase Itk forms membrane clusters specifically in the vicinity of recruiting receptors.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 38529-38534.  
15880548 L.J.Ball, R.Kühne, J.Schneider-Mergener, and H.Oschkinat (2005).
Recognition of Proline-Rich Motifs by Protein-Protein-Interaction Domains.
  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 44, 2852-2869.  
15771581 L.J.Berg, L.D.Finkelstein, J.A.Lucas, and P.L.Schwartzberg (2005).
Tec family kinases in T lymphocyte development and function.
  Annu Rev Immunol, 23, 549-600.  
15817477 L.P.Kane, and S.C.Watkins (2005).
Dynamic regulation of Tec kinase localization in membrane-proximal vesicles of a T cell clone revealed by total internal reflection fluorescence and confocal microscopy.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 21949-21954.  
15803148 P.L.Schwartzberg, L.D.Finkelstein, and J.A.Readinger (2005).
TEC-family kinases: regulators of T-helper-cell differentiation.
  Nat Rev Immunol, 5, 284-295.  
15196000 E.van den Akker, T.B.van Dijk, U.Schmidt, L.Felida, H.Beug, B.Löwenberg, and M.von Lindern (2004).
The Btk inhibitor LFM-A13 is a potent inhibitor of Jak2 kinase activity.
  Biol Chem, 385, 409-413.  
15169891 N.Martinez-Quiles, H.Y.Ho, M.W.Kirschner, N.Ramesh, and R.S.Geha (2004).
Erk/Src phosphorylation of cortactin acts as a switch on-switch off mechanism that controls its ability to activate N-WASP.
  Mol Cell Biol, 24, 5269-5280.  
12842872 H.M.Wilcox, and L.J.Berg (2003).
Itk phosphorylation sites are required for functional activity in primary T cells.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 37112-37121.  
12970174 J.A.Márquez, C.I.Smith, M.V.Petoukhov, P.Lo Surdo, P.T.Mattsson, M.Knekt, A.Westlund, K.Scheffzek, M.Saraste, and D.I.Svergun (2003).
Conformation of full-length Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) from synchrotron X-ray solution scattering.
  EMBO J, 22, 4616-4624.  
14643926 K.E.Lukong, and S.Richard (2003).
Sam68, the KH domain-containing superSTAR.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1653, 73-86.  
12686600 P.Saharinen, M.Vihinen, and O.Silvennoinen (2003).
Autoinhibition of Jak2 tyrosine kinase is dependent on specific regions in its pseudokinase domain.
  Mol Biol Cell, 14, 1448-1459.  
14532277 R.Zhang, Y.Xu, N.Ekman, Z.Wu, J.Wu, K.Alitalo, and W.Min (2003).
Etk/Bmx transactivates vascular endothelial growth factor 2 and recruits phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to mediate the tumor necrosis factor-induced angiogenic pathway.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 51267-51276.  
11742120 A.Laederach, K.W.Cradic, K.N.Brazin, J.Zamoon, D.B.Fulton, X.Y.Huang, and A.H.Andreotti (2002).
Competing modes of self-association in the regulatory domains of Bruton's tyrosine kinase: intramolecular contact versus asymmetric homodimerization.
  Protein Sci, 11, 36-45.  
11973131 A.T.Miller, and L.J.Berg (2002).
New insights into the regulation and functions of Tec family tyrosine kinases in the immune system.
  Curr Opin Immunol, 14, 331-340.  
11723117 F.Imamura, S.Maeda, T.Doi, and Y.Fujiyoshi (2002).
Ligand binding of the second PDZ domain regulates clustering of PSD-95 with the Kv1.4 potassium channel.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 3640-3646.  
11940595 G.Lachance, S.Levasseur, and P.H.Naccache (2002).
Chemotactic factor-induced recruitment and activation of Tec family kinases in human neutrophils. Implication of phosphatidynositol 3-kinases.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 21537-21541.  
11830645 K.N.Brazin, R.J.Mallis, D.B.Fulton, and A.H.Andreotti (2002).
Regulation of the tyrosine kinase Itk by the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase cyclophilin A.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 1899-1904.  
11994416 L.F.Reynolds, L.A.Smyth, T.Norton, N.Freshney, J.Downward, D.Kioussis, and V.L.Tybulewicz (2002).
Vav1 transduces T cell receptor signals to the activation of phospholipase C-gamma1 via phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent and -independent pathways.
  J Exp Med, 195, 1103-1114.  
11877742 M.P.Okoh, and M.Vihinen (2002).
Interaction between Btk TH and SH3 domain.
  Biopolymers, 63, 325-334.  
12402030 R.J.Mallis, K.N.Brazin, D.B.Fulton, and A.H.Andreotti (2002).
Structural characterization of a proline-driven conformational switch within the Itk SH2 domain.
  Nat Struct Biol, 9, 900-905.
PDB codes: 1lui 1luk 1lum 1lun
11684687 S.E.Pursglove, T.D.Mulhern, J.P.Mackay, M.G.Hinds, and G.W.Booker (2002).
The solution structure and intramolecular associations of the Tec kinase SRC homology 3 domain.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 755-762.
PDB code: 1gl5
11779504 A.W.McGee, S.R.Dakoji, O.Olsen, D.S.Bredt, W.A.Lim, and K.E.Prehoda (2001).
Structure of the SH3-guanylate kinase module from PSD-95 suggests a mechanism for regulated assembly of MAGUK scaffolding proteins.
  Mol Cell, 8, 1291-1301.
PDB code: 1kjw
11340625 C.I.Smith, T.C.Islam, P.T.Mattsson, A.J.Mohamed, B.F.Nore, and M.Vihinen (2001).
The Tec family of cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases: mammalian Btk, Bmx, Itk, Tec, Txk and homologs in other species.
  Bioessays, 23, 436-446.  
11306348 J.Kasanov, G.Pirozzi, A.J.Uveges, and B.K.Kay (2001).
Characterizing Class I WW domains defines key specificity determinants and generates mutant domains with novel specificities.
  Chem Biol, 8, 231-241.  
11598012 S.W.Kang, M.I.Wahl, J.Chu, J.Kitaura, Y.Kawakami, R.M.Kato, R.Tabuchi, A.Tarakhovsky, T.Kawakami, C.W.Turck, O.N.Witte, and D.J.Rawlings (2001).
PKCbeta modulates antigen receptor signaling via regulation of Btk membrane localization.
  EMBO J, 20, 5692-5702.  
10781397 E.M.Schaeffer, and P.L.Schwartzberg (2000).
Tec family kinases in lymphocyte signaling and function.
  Curr Opin Immunol, 12, 282-288.  
11060025 H.Wu, C.Reissner, S.Kuhlendahl, B.Coblentz, S.Reuver, S.Kindler, E.D.Gundelfinger, and C.C.Garner (2000).
Intramolecular interactions regulate SAP97 binding to GKAP.
  EMBO J, 19, 5740-5751.  
10779328 P.Saharinen, K.Takaluoma, and O.Silvennoinen (2000).
Regulation of the Jak2 tyrosine kinase by its pseudokinase domain.
  Mol Cell Biol, 20, 3387-3395.  
10636929 S.C.Bunnell, M.Diehn, M.B.Yaffe, P.R.Findell, L.C.Cantley, and L.J.Berg (2000).
Biochemical interactions integrating Itk with the T cell receptor-initiated signaling cascade.
  J Biol Chem, 275, 2219-2230.  
11104803 W.Ellmeier, S.Jung, M.J.Sunshine, F.Hatam, Y.Xu, D.Baltimore, H.Mano, and D.R.Littman (2000).
Severe B cell deficiency in mice lacking the tec kinase family members Tec and Btk.
  J Exp Med, 192, 1611-1624.  
10212202 A.G.Harpur, M.J.Layton, P.Das, M.J.Bottomley, G.Panayotou, P.C.Driscoll, and M.D.Waterfield (1999).
Intermolecular interactions of the p85alpha regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 12323-12332.  
10364172 A.W.McGee, and D.S.Bredt (1999).
Identification of an intramolecular interaction between the SH3 and guanylate kinase domains of PSD-95.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 17431-17436.  
  10373551 C.D.Novina, S.Kumar, U.Bajpai, V.Cheriyath, K.Zhang, S.Pillai, H.H.Wortis, and A.L.Roy (1999).
Regulation of nuclear localization and transcriptional activity of TFII-I by Bruton's tyrosine kinase.
  Mol Cell Biol, 19, 5014-5024.  
10339551 G.Wang, G.P.Wylie, P.D.Twigg, D.L.Caspar, J.R.Murphy, and T.M.Logan (1999).
Solution structure and peptide binding studies of the C-terminal src homology 3-like domain of the diphtheria toxin repressor protein.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 6119-6124.
PDB code: 1bym
10647781 H.Mano (1999).
Tec family of protein-tyrosine kinases: an overview of their structure and function.
  Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 10, 267-280.  
10523612 J.Kashiwakura, N.Suzuki, H.Nagafuchi, M.Takeno, Y.Takeba, Y.Shimoyama, and T.Sakane (1999).
Txk, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase of the Tec family, is expressed in T helper type 1 cells and regulates interferon gamma production in human T lymphocytes.
  J Exp Med, 190, 1147-1154.  
10518561 K.Ohya, S.Kajigaya, A.Kitanaka, K.Yoshida, A.Miyazato, Y.Yamashita, T.Yamanaka, U.Ikeda, K.Shimada, K.Ozawa, and H.Mano (1999).
Molecular cloning of a docking protein, BRDG1, that acts downstream of the Tec tyrosine kinase.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 11976-11981.  
10587356 K.Rajagopal, C.L.Sommers, D.C.Decker, E.O.Mitchell, U.Korthauer, A.I.Sperling, C.A.Kozak, P.E.Love, and J.A.Bluestone (1999).
RIBP, a novel Rlk/Txk- and itk-binding adaptor protein that regulates T cell activation.
  J Exp Med, 190, 1657-1668.  
10427990 L.M.Morrogh, S.Hinshelwood, P.Costello, G.O.Cory, and C.Kinnon (1999).
The SH3 domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase displays altered ligand binding properties when auto-phosphorylated in vitro.
  Eur J Immunol, 29, 2269-2279.  
10224128 M.G.Tomlinson, T.Kurosaki, A.E.Berson, G.H.Fujii, J.A.Johnston, and J.B.Bolen (1999).
Reconstitution of Btk signaling by the atypical tec family tyrosine kinases Bmx and Txk.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 13577-13585.  
10075926 N.A.Cacalano, T.S.Migone, F.Bazan, E.P.Hanson, M.Chen, F.Candotti, J.J.O'Shea, and J.A.Johnston (1999).
Autosomal SCID caused by a point mutation in the N-terminus of Jak3: mapping of the Jak3-receptor interaction domain.
  EMBO J, 18, 1549-1558.  
10358768 T.Kurosaki (1999).
Genetic analysis of B cell antigen receptor signaling.
  Annu Rev Immunol, 17, 555-592.  
10382746 W.C.Yang, and D.Olive (1999).
Tec kinase is involved in transcriptional regulation of IL-2 and IL-4 in the CD28 pathway.
  Eur J Immunol, 29, 1842-1849.  
10506192 X.Shan, and R.L.Wange (1999).
Itk/Emt/Tsk activation in response to CD3 cross-linking in Jurkat T cells requires ZAP-70 and Lat and is independent of membrane recruitment.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 29323-29330.  
9524119 A.M.Scharenberg, O.El-Hillal, D.A.Fruman, L.O.Beitz, Z.Li, S.Lin, I.Gout, L.C.Cantley, D.J.Rawlings, and J.P.Kinet (1998).
Phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PtdIns-3,4,5-P3)/Tec kinase-dependent calcium signaling pathway: a target for SHIP-mediated inhibitory signals.
  EMBO J, 17, 1961-1972.  
9618763 C.I.Smith, C.M.Bäckesjö, A.Berglöf, L.J.Brandén, T.Islam, P.T.Mattsson, A.J.Mohamed, S.Müller, B.Nore, and M.Vihinen (1998).
X-linked agammaglobulinemia: lack of mature B lineage cells caused by mutations in the Btk kinase.
  Springer Semin Immunopathol, 19, 369-381.  
9722617 C.Sette, A.Bevilacqua, R.Geremia, and P.Rossi (1998).
Involvement of phospholipase Cgamma1 in mouse egg activation induced by a truncated form of the C-kit tyrosine kinase present in spermatozoa.
  J Cell Biol, 142, 1063-1074.  
9485443 H.Hansson, P.T.Mattsson, P.Allard, P.Haapaniemi, M.Vihinen, C.I.Smith, and T.Hard (1998).
Solution structure of the SH3 domain from Bruton's tyrosine kinase.
  Biochemistry, 37, 2912-2924.
PDB codes: 1aww 1awx
9677430 H.Lin, J.E.Hutchcroft, C.E.Andoniou, M.Kamoun, H.Band, and B.E.Bierer (1998).
Association of p59(fyn) with the T lymphocyte costimulatory receptor CD2. Binding of the Fyn Src homology (SH) 3 domain is regulated by the Fyn SH2 domain.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 19914-19921.  
9753052 K.Ritis, M.Speletas, V.Tsironidou, E.Pardali, M.Kanariou, V.Moschese, P.Orlandi, M.Skordala, P.Rossi, G.Kartalis, G.Bourikas, and P.Sideras (1998).
Absence of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia.
  Br J Haematol, 102, 1241-1248.  
9593201 S.Knapp, P.T.Mattson, P.Christova, K.D.Berndt, A.Karshikoff, M.Vihinen, C.I.Smith, and R.Ladenstein (1998).
Thermal unfolding of small proteins with SH3 domain folding pattern.
  Proteins, 31, 309-319.  
9548930 S.Qin, T.Kurosaki, and H.Yamamura (1998).
Differential regulation of oxidative and osmotic stress induced Syk activation by both autophosphorylation and SH2 domains.
  Biochemistry, 37, 5481-5486.  
9770463 Y.C.Ma, and X.Y.Huang (1998).
Identification of the binding site for Gqalpha on its effector Bruton's tyrosine kinase.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 12197-12201.  
9520419 Y.Qiu, D.Robinson, T.G.Pretlow, and H.J.Kung (1998).
Etk/Bmx, a tyrosine kinase with a pleckstrin-homology domain, is an effector of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and is involved in interleukin 6-induced neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 3644-3649.  
9326591 A.August, A.Sadra, B.Dupont, and H.Hanafusa (1997).
Src-induced activation of inducible T cell kinase (ITK) requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and the Pleckstrin homology domain of inducible T cell kinase.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 11227-11232.  
9433137 C.Vernet, and K.Artzt (1997).
STAR, a gene family involved in signal transduction and activation of RNA.
  Trends Genet, 13, 479-484.  
9408950 H.V.Patel, S.R.Tzeng, C.Y.Liao, S.H.Chen, and J.W.Cheng (1997).
SH3 domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase can bind to proline-rich peptides of TH domain of the kinase and p120cbl.
  Proteins, 29, 545-552.  
9095189 J.T.Nguyen, and W.A.Lim (1997).
How Src exercises self-restraint.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 256-260.  
9326643 M.I.Wahl, A.C.Fluckiger, R.M.Kato, H.Park, O.N.Witte, and D.J.Rawlings (1997).
Phosphorylation of two regulatory tyrosine residues in the activation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase via alternative receptors.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 94, 11526-11533.  
  17708948 S.D, and T.S J (1997).
Src: more than the sum of its parts.
  Trends Cell Biol, 7, 215-217.  
9312162 S.D.Heyeck, H.M.Wilcox, S.C.Bunnell, and L.J.Berg (1997).
Lck phosphorylates the activation loop tyrosine of the Itk kinase domain and activates Itk kinase activity.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 25401-25408.  
9287186 S.Desiderio (1997).
Role of Btk in B cell development and signaling.
  Curr Opin Immunol, 9, 534-540.  
  9334312 S.T.Wen, and R.A.Van Etten (1997).
The PAG gene product, a stress-induced protein with antioxidant properties, is an Abl SH3-binding protein and a physiological inhibitor of c-Abl tyrosine kinase activity.
  Genes Dev, 11, 2456-2467.  
9203415 T.Kurosaki (1997).
Molecular mechanisms in B cell antigen receptor signaling.
  Curr Opin Immunol, 9, 309-318.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.

 

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