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PDBsum entry 1wko
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Signaling protein
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PDB id
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1wko
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Contents |
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* Residue conservation analysis
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Embo J
25:605-614
(2006)
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PubMed id:
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A divergent external loop confers antagonistic activity on floral regulators FT and TFL1.
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J.H.Ahn,
D.Miller,
V.J.Winter,
M.J.Banfield,
J.H.Lee,
S.Y.Yoo,
S.R.Henz,
R.L.Brady,
D.Weigel.
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ABSTRACT
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The Arabidopsis genes FT and TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) encode related proteins
with similarity to human Raf kinase inhibitor protein. FT, and likely also TFL1,
is recruited to the promoters of floral genes through interaction with FD, a
bZIP transcription factor. FT, however, induces flowering, while TFL1 represses
flowering. Residues responsible for the opposite activities of FT and TFL1 were
mapped by examining plants that overexpress chimeric proteins. A region
important in vivo localizes to a 14-amino-acid segment that evolves very rapidly
in TFL1 orthologs, but is almost invariant in FT orthologs. Crystal structures
show that this segment forms an external loop of variable conformation. The only
residue unambiguously distinguishing the FT and TFL1 loops makes a hydrogen bond
with a residue near the entrance of a potential ligand-binding pocket in TFL1,
but not in FT. This pocket is contacted by a C-terminal peptide, which also
contributes to the opposite FT and TFL1 activities. In combination, these
results identify a molecular surface likely to be recognized by FT- and/or
TFL1-specific interactors.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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J.Comadran,
B.Kilian,
J.Russell,
L.Ramsay,
N.Stein,
M.Ganal,
P.Shaw,
M.Bayer,
W.Thomas,
D.Marshall,
P.Hedley,
A.Tondelli,
N.Pecchioni,
E.Francia,
V.Korzun,
A.Walther,
and
R.Waugh
(2012).
Natural variation in a homolog of Antirrhinum CENTRORADIALIS contributed to spring growth habit and environmental adaptation in cultivated barley.
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Nat Genet,
44,
1388-1392.
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C.C.Yeoh,
M.Balcerowicz,
R.Laurie,
R.Macknight,
and
J.Putterill
(2011).
Developing a method for customized induction of flowering.
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BMC Biotechnol,
11,
36.
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H.Tsuji,
K.Taoka,
and
K.Shimamoto
(2011).
Regulation of flowering in rice: two florigen genes, a complex gene network, and natural variation.
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Curr Opin Plant Biol,
14,
45-52.
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K.Taoka,
I.Ohki,
H.Tsuji,
K.Furuita,
K.Hayashi,
T.Yanase,
M.Yamaguchi,
C.Nakashima,
Y.A.Purwestri,
S.Tamaki,
Y.Ogaki,
C.Shimada,
A.Nakagawa,
C.Kojima,
and
K.Shimamoto
(2011).
14-3-3 proteins act as intracellular receptors for rice Hd3a florigen.
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Nature,
476,
332-335.
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PDB code:
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N.Liu,
M.K.Sliwinski,
R.Correa,
and
D.A.Baum
(2011).
Possible contributions of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 to the evolution of rosette flowering in Leavenworthia (Brassicaceae).
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New Phytol,
189,
616-628.
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N.Yamagishi,
and
N.Yoshikawa
(2011).
Expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T from Arabidopsis thaliana induces precocious flowering in soybean irrespective of maturity group and stem growth habit.
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Planta,
233,
561-568.
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P.A.Wigge
(2011).
FT, A Mobile Developmental Signal in Plants.
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Curr Biol,
21,
R374-R378.
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B.K.Blackman,
J.L.Strasburg,
A.R.Raduski,
S.D.Michaels,
and
L.H.Rieseberg
(2010).
The role of recently derived FT paralogs in sunflower domestication.
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Curr Biol,
20,
629-635.
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B.Liu,
S.Watanabe,
T.Uchiyama,
F.Kong,
A.Kanazawa,
Z.Xia,
A.Nagamatsu,
M.Arai,
T.Yamada,
K.Kitamura,
C.Masuta,
K.Harada,
and
J.Abe
(2010).
The soybean stem growth habit gene Dt1 is an ortholog of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1.
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Plant Physiol,
153,
198-210.
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C.Tränkner,
S.Lehmann,
H.Hoenicka,
M.V.Hanke,
M.Fladung,
D.Lenhardt,
F.Dunemann,
A.Gau,
K.Schlangen,
M.Malnoy,
and
H.Flachowsky
(2010).
Over-expression of an FT-homologous gene of apple induces early flowering in annual and perennial plants.
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Planta,
232,
1309-1324.
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D.Thakare,
S.Kumudini,
and
R.D.Dinkins
(2010).
Expression of flowering-time genes in soybean E1 near-isogenic lines under short and long day conditions.
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Planta,
231,
951-963.
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F.Kong,
B.Liu,
Z.Xia,
S.Sato,
B.M.Kim,
S.Watanabe,
T.Yamada,
S.Tabata,
A.Kanazawa,
K.Harada,
and
J.Abe
(2010).
Two coordinately regulated homologs of FLOWERING LOCUS T are involved in the control of photoperiodic flowering in soybean.
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Plant Physiol,
154,
1220-1231.
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N.Kotoda,
H.Hayashi,
M.Suzuki,
M.Igarashi,
Y.Hatsuyama,
S.Kidou,
T.Igasaki,
M.Nishiguchi,
K.Yano,
T.Shimizu,
S.Takahashi,
H.Iwanami,
S.Moriya,
and
K.Abe
(2010).
Molecular characterization of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.).
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Plant Cell Physiol,
51,
561-575.
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O.N.Danilevskaya,
X.Meng,
and
E.V.Ananiev
(2010).
Concerted modification of flowering time and inflorescence architecture by ectopic expression of TFL1-like genes in maize.
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Plant Physiol,
153,
238-251.
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P.A.Pin,
R.Benlloch,
D.Bonnet,
E.Wremerth-Weich,
T.Kraft,
J.J.Gielen,
and
O.Nilsson
(2010).
An antagonistic pair of FT homologs mediates the control of flowering time in sugar beet.
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Science,
330,
1397-1400.
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A.Shalit,
A.Rozman,
A.Goldshmidt,
J.P.Alvarez,
J.L.Bowman,
Y.Eshed,
and
E.Lifschitz
(2009).
The flowering hormone florigen functions as a general systemic regulator of growth and termination.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
106,
8392-8397.
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B.Wenden,
E.A.Dun,
J.Hanan,
B.Andrieu,
J.L.Weller,
C.A.Beveridge,
and
C.Rameau
(2009).
Computational analysis of flowering in pea (Pisum sativum).
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New Phytol,
184,
153-167.
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C.J.Hou,
and
C.H.Yang
(2009).
Functional analysis of FT and TFL1 orthologs from orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey) that regulate the vegetative to reproductive transition.
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Plant Cell Physiol,
50,
1544-1557.
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C.Schwartz,
S.Balasubramanian,
N.Warthmann,
T.P.Michael,
J.Lempe,
S.Sureshkumar,
Y.Kobayashi,
J.N.Maloof,
J.O.Borevitz,
J.Chory,
and
D.Weigel
(2009).
Cis-regulatory changes at FLOWERING LOCUS T mediate natural variation in flowering responses of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Genetics,
183,
723.
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H.Hedman,
T.Källman,
and
U.Lagercrantz
(2009).
Early evolution of the MFT-like gene family in plants.
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Plant Mol Biol,
70,
359-369.
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J.L.Weller,
V.Hecht,
L.C.Liew,
F.C.Sussmilch,
B.Wenden,
C.L.Knowles,
and
J.K.Vander Schoor
(2009).
Update on the genetic control of flowering in garden pea.
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J Exp Bot,
60,
2493-2499.
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L.Yant,
J.Mathieu,
and
M.Schmid
(2009).
Just say no: floral repressors help Arabidopsis bide the time.
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Curr Opin Plant Biol,
12,
580-586.
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M.D'Aloia,
K.Tamseddak,
D.Bonhomme,
F.Bonhomme,
G.Bernier,
and
C.Périlleux
(2009).
Gene activation cascade triggered by a single photoperiodic cycle inducing flowering in Sinapis alba.
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Plant J,
59,
962-973.
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N.Mimida,
N.Kotoda,
T.Ueda,
M.Igarashi,
Y.Hatsuyama,
H.Iwanami,
S.Moriya,
and
K.Abe
(2009).
Four TFL1/CEN-like genes on distinct linkage groups show different expression patterns to regulate vegetative and reproductive development in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.).
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Plant Cell Physiol,
50,
394-412.
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Y.A.Purwestri,
Y.Ogaki,
S.Tamaki,
H.Tsuji,
and
K.Shimamoto
(2009).
The 14-3-3 protein GF14c acts as a negative regulator of flowering in rice by interacting with the florigen Hd3a.
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Plant Cell Physiol,
50,
429-438.
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Y.Takahashi,
K.M.Teshima,
S.Yokoi,
H.Innan,
and
K.Shimamoto
(2009).
Variations in Hd1 proteins, Hd3a promoters, and Ehd1 expression levels contribute to diversity of flowering time in cultivated rice.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
106,
4555-4560.
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A.Argiriou,
G.Michailidis,
and
A.S.Tsaftaris
(2008).
Characterization and expression analysis of TERMINAL FLOWER1 homologs from cultivated alloteraploid cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and its diploid progenitors.
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J Plant Physiol,
165,
1636-1646.
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A.Giakountis,
and
G.Coupland
(2008).
Phloem transport of flowering signals.
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Curr Opin Plant Biol,
11,
687-694.
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D.Cháb,
J.Kolár,
M.S.Olson,
and
H.Storchová
(2008).
Two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) homologs in Chenopodium rubrum differ in expression patterns.
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Planta,
228,
929-940.
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F.Turck,
F.Fornara,
and
G.Coupland
(2008).
Regulation and identity of florigen: FLOWERING LOCUS T moves center stage.
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Annu Rev Plant Biol,
59,
573-594.
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I.Bonnin,
M.Rousset,
D.Madur,
P.Sourdille,
C.Dupuits,
D.Brunel,
and
I.Goldringer
(2008).
FT genome A and D polymorphisms are associated with the variation of earliness components in hexaploid wheat.
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Theor Appl Genet,
116,
383-394.
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K.Schütze,
K.Harter,
and
C.Chaban
(2008).
Post-translational regulation of plant bZIP factors.
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Trends Plant Sci,
13,
247-255.
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M.J.Carmona,
J.Chaïb,
J.M.Martínez-Zapater,
and
M.R.Thomas
(2008).
A molecular genetic perspective of reproductive development in grapevine.
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J Exp Bot,
59,
2579-2596.
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M.Notaguchi,
M.Abe,
T.Kimura,
Y.Daimon,
T.Kobayashi,
A.Yamaguchi,
Y.Tomita,
K.Dohi,
M.Mori,
and
T.Araki
(2008).
Long-distance, graft-transmissible action of Arabidopsis FLOWERING LOCUS T protein to promote flowering.
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Plant Cell Physiol,
49,
1645-1658.
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T.Igasaki,
Y.Watanabe,
M.Nishiguchi,
and
N.Kotoda
(2008).
The FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family in Lombardy poplar.
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Plant Cell Physiol,
49,
291-300.
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E.J.Sohn,
M.Rojas-Pierce,
S.Pan,
C.Carter,
A.Serrano-Mislata,
F.Madueño,
E.Rojo,
M.Surpin,
and
N.V.Raikhel
(2007).
The shoot meristem identity gene TFL1 is involved in flower development and trafficking to the protein storage vacuole.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,
104,
18801-18806.
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J.Mathieu,
N.Warthmann,
F.Küttner,
and
M.Schmid
(2007).
Export of FT protein from phloem companion cells is sufficient for floral induction in Arabidopsis.
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Curr Biol,
17,
1055-1060.
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M.J.Carmona,
M.Calonje,
and
J.M.Martínez-Zapater
(2007).
The FT/TFL1 gene family in grapevine.
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Plant Mol Biol,
63,
637-650.
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R.Benlloch,
A.Berbel,
A.Serrano-Mislata,
and
F.Madueño
(2007).
Floral initiation and inflorescence architecture: a comparative view.
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Ann Bot (Lond),
100,
659-676.
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S.Faure,
J.Higgins,
A.Turner,
and
D.A.Laurie
(2007).
The FLOWERING LOCUS T-like gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare).
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Genetics,
176,
599-609.
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Y.Ikeda,
Y.Kobayashi,
A.Yamaguchi,
M.Abe,
and
T.Araki
(2007).
Molecular basis of late-flowering phenotype caused by dominant epi-alleles of the FWA locus in Arabidopsis.
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Plant Cell Physiol,
48,
205-220.
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J.Mima,
H.Fukada,
M.Nagayama,
and
M.Ueda
(2006).
Specific membrane binding of the carboxypeptidase Y inhibitor I(C), a phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein family member.
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FEBS J,
273,
5374-5383.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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Links
