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Hydrolase PDB id
2uwc
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
266 a.a. *
Waters ×294
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
2uwc
Name: Hydrolase
Title: Crystal structure of nasturtium xyloglucan hydrolase isoform nxg2
Structure: Cellulase. Chain: a, b. Fragment: residues 25-295. Synonym: xyloglucan hydrolase. Engineered: yes
Source: Tropaeolum majus. Nasturtium. Organism_taxid: 4020. Tissue: seedling. Expressed in: pichia pastoris. Expression_system_taxid: 4922.
Resolution:
2.30Å     R-factor:   0.168     R-free:   0.196
Authors: M.J.Baumann,J.M.Eklof,G.Michel,A.Kallas,T.T.Teeri,H.Brumer, M.Czjzek
Key ref: M.J.Baumann et al. (2007). Structural evidence for the evolution of xyloglucanase activity from xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases: biological implications for cell wall metabolism. Plant Cell, 19, 1947-1963. PubMed id: 17557806 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.107.051391
Date:
20-Mar-07     Release date:   26-Jun-07    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q07524  (Q07524_TROMA) -  Cellulase
Seq:
Struc: 		295 a.a.
266 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 2 residue positions (black crosses)

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: E.C.3.2.1.4  - Cellulase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: Endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.
 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     apoplast   2 terms 
  Biological process     metabolic process   3 terms 
  Biochemical function     hydrolase activity     5 terms  

 

 
DOI no: 10.1105/tpc.107.051391 Plant Cell 19:1947-1963 (2007)
PubMed id: 17557806  
 
 
Structural evidence for the evolution of xyloglucanase activity from xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases: biological implications for cell wall metabolism.
M.J.Baumann, J.M.Eklöf, G.Michel, A.M.Kallas, T.T.Teeri, M.Czjzek, H.Brumer.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
High-resolution, three-dimensional structures of the archetypal glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16) endo-xyloglucanases Tm-NXG1 and Tm-NXG2 from nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) have been solved by x-ray crystallography. Key structural features that modulate the relative rates of substrate hydrolysis to transglycosylation in the GH16 xyloglucan-active enzymes were identified by structure-function studies of the recombinantly expressed enzymes in comparison with data for the strict xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase Ptt-XET16-34 from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). Production of the loop deletion variant Tm-NXG1-DeltaYNIIG yielded an enzyme that was structurally similar to Ptt-XET16-34 and had a greatly increased transglycosylation:hydrolysis ratio. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of XTH gene products, together with detailed kinetic data, strongly suggest that xyloglucanase activity has evolved as a gain of function in an ancestral GH16 XET to meet specific biological requirements during seed germination, fruit ripening, and rapid wall expansion.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
20732879 A.Maris, N.Kaewthai, J.M.Eklöf, J.G.Miller, H.Brumer, S.C.Fry, J.P.Verbelen, and K.Vissenberg (2011).
Differences in enzymic properties of five recombinant xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana.
  J Exp Bot, 62, 261-271.  
21351878 Z.A.Popper, G.Michel, C.Hervé, D.S.Domozych, W.G.Willats, M.G.Tuohy, B.Kloareg, and D.B.Stengel (2011).
Evolution and diversity of plant cell walls: from algae to flowering plants.
  Annu Rev Plant Biol, 62, 567-590.  
20039037 D.D.Wong, V.J.Chan, A.A.McCormack, and S.B.Batt (2010).
A novel xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase: biochemical properties and inhibition studies.
  Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 86, 1463-1471.  
20643805 J.Hernández-Nistal, I.Martín, E.Labrador, and B.Dopico (2010).
The immunolocation of XTH1 in embryonic axes during chickpea germination and seedling growth confirms its function in cell elongation and vascular differentiation.
  J Exp Bot, 61, 4231-4238.  
20711605 J.Lee, T.H.Burns, G.Light, Y.Sun, M.Fokar, Y.Kasukabe, K.Fujisawa, Y.Maekawa, and R.D.Allen (2010).
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase genes in cotton and their role in fiber elongation.
  Planta, 232, 1191-1205.  
20822502 R.Yokoyama, Y.Uwagaki, H.Sasaki, T.Harada, Y.Hiwatashi, M.Hasebe, and K.Nishitani (2010).
Biological implications of the occurrence of 32 members of the XTH (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase) family of proteins in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens.
  Plant J, 64, 645-656.  
19820143 A.L.Vanfossen, M.R.Verhaart, S.M.Kengen, and R.M.Kelly (2009).
Carbohydrate utilization patterns for the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus reveal broad growth substrate preferences.
  Appl Environ Microbiol, 75, 7718-7724.  
19635745 A.Maris, D.Suslov, S.C.Fry, J.P.Verbelen, and K.Vissenberg (2009).
Enzymic characterization of two recombinant xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) proteins of Arabidopsis and their effect on root growth and cell wall extension.
  J Exp Bot, 60, 3959-3972.  
19189377 B.Mertz, X.Gu, and P.J.Reilly (2009).
Analysis of functional divergence within two structurally related glycoside hydrolase families.
  Biopolymers, 91, 478-495.  
19769746 J.Vasur, R.Kawai, E.Andersson, K.Igarashi, M.Sandgren, M.Samejima, and J.Ståhlberg (2009).
X-ray crystal structures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Laminarinase 16A in complex with products from lichenin and laminarin hydrolysis.
  FEBS J, 276, 3858-3869.  
19076217 M.Hrmova, V.Farkas, A.J.Harvey, J.Lahnstein, B.Wischmann, N.Kaewthai, I.Ezcurra, T.T.Teeri, and G.B.Fincher (2009).
Substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of a xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET6 from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
  FEBS J, 276, 437-456.  
19454593 R.Schröder, R.G.Atkinson, and R.J.Redgwell (2009).
Re-interpreting the role of endo-beta-mannanases as mannan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases in the plant cell wall.
  Ann Bot (Lond), 104, 197-204.  
18757879 E.J.Mellerowicz, P.Immerzeel, and T.Hayashi (2008).
Xyloglucan: the molecular muscle of trees.
  Ann Bot (Lond), 102, 659-665.  
18043802 K.Piens, A.M.Henriksson, F.Gullfot, M.Lopez, R.Fauré, F.M.Ibatullin, T.T.Teeri, H.Driguez, and H.Brumer (2007).
Glycosynthase activity of hybrid aspen xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase PttXET16-34 nucleophile mutants.
  Org Biomol Chem, 5, 3971-3978.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time.