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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class:
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E.C.3.2.1.4
- Cellulase.
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Reaction:
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Endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichenin and cereal beta-D-glucans.
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Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation
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Cellular component
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apoplast
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2 terms
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Biological process
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metabolic process
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3 terms
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Biochemical function
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hydrolase activity
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5 terms
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DOI no:
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Plant Cell
19:1947-1963
(2007)
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PubMed id:
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Structural evidence for the evolution of xyloglucanase activity from xyloglucan endo-transglycosylases: biological implications for cell wall metabolism.
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M.J.Baumann,
J.M.Eklöf,
G.Michel,
A.M.Kallas,
T.T.Teeri,
M.Czjzek,
H.Brumer.
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ABSTRACT
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High-resolution, three-dimensional structures of the archetypal glycoside
hydrolase family 16 (GH16) endo-xyloglucanases Tm-NXG1 and Tm-NXG2 from
nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) have been solved by x-ray crystallography. Key
structural features that modulate the relative rates of substrate hydrolysis to
transglycosylation in the GH16 xyloglucan-active enzymes were identified by
structure-function studies of the recombinantly expressed enzymes in comparison
with data for the strict xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase Ptt-XET16-34 from
hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x Populus tremuloides). Production of the loop
deletion variant Tm-NXG1-DeltaYNIIG yielded an enzyme that was structurally
similar to Ptt-XET16-34 and had a greatly increased
transglycosylation:hydrolysis ratio. Comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of XTH
gene products, together with detailed kinetic data, strongly suggest that
xyloglucanase activity has evolved as a gain of function in an ancestral GH16
XET to meet specific biological requirements during seed germination, fruit
ripening, and rapid wall expansion.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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A.Maris,
N.Kaewthai,
J.M.Eklöf,
J.G.Miller,
H.Brumer,
S.C.Fry,
J.P.Verbelen,
and
K.Vissenberg
(2011).
Differences in enzymic properties of five recombinant xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana.
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J Exp Bot, 62,
261-271.
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Z.A.Popper,
G.Michel,
C.Hervé,
D.S.Domozych,
W.G.Willats,
M.G.Tuohy,
B.Kloareg,
and
D.B.Stengel
(2011).
Evolution and diversity of plant cell walls: from algae to flowering plants.
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Annu Rev Plant Biol, 62,
567-590.
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D.D.Wong,
V.J.Chan,
A.A.McCormack,
and
S.B.Batt
(2010).
A novel xyloglucan-specific endo-beta-1,4-glucanase: biochemical properties and inhibition studies.
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Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 86,
1463-1471.
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J.Hernández-Nistal,
I.Martín,
E.Labrador,
and
B.Dopico
(2010).
The immunolocation of XTH1 in embryonic axes during chickpea germination and seedling growth confirms its function in cell elongation and vascular differentiation.
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J Exp Bot, 61,
4231-4238.
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J.Lee,
T.H.Burns,
G.Light,
Y.Sun,
M.Fokar,
Y.Kasukabe,
K.Fujisawa,
Y.Maekawa,
and
R.D.Allen
(2010).
Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase genes in cotton and their role in fiber elongation.
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Planta, 232,
1191-1205.
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R.Yokoyama,
Y.Uwagaki,
H.Sasaki,
T.Harada,
Y.Hiwatashi,
M.Hasebe,
and
K.Nishitani
(2010).
Biological implications of the occurrence of 32 members of the XTH (xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase) family of proteins in the bryophyte Physcomitrella patens.
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Plant J, 64,
645-656.
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A.L.Vanfossen,
M.R.Verhaart,
S.M.Kengen,
and
R.M.Kelly
(2009).
Carbohydrate utilization patterns for the extremely thermophilic bacterium Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus reveal broad growth substrate preferences.
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 75,
7718-7724.
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A.Maris,
D.Suslov,
S.C.Fry,
J.P.Verbelen,
and
K.Vissenberg
(2009).
Enzymic characterization of two recombinant xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XTH) proteins of Arabidopsis and their effect on root growth and cell wall extension.
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J Exp Bot, 60,
3959-3972.
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B.Mertz,
X.Gu,
and
P.J.Reilly
(2009).
Analysis of functional divergence within two structurally related glycoside hydrolase families.
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Biopolymers, 91,
478-495.
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J.Vasur,
R.Kawai,
E.Andersson,
K.Igarashi,
M.Sandgren,
M.Samejima,
and
J.Ståhlberg
(2009).
X-ray crystal structures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium Laminarinase 16A in complex with products from lichenin and laminarin hydrolysis.
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FEBS J, 276,
3858-3869.
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M.Hrmova,
V.Farkas,
A.J.Harvey,
J.Lahnstein,
B.Wischmann,
N.Kaewthai,
I.Ezcurra,
T.T.Teeri,
and
G.B.Fincher
(2009).
Substrate specificity and catalytic mechanism of a xyloglucan xyloglucosyl transferase HvXET6 from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
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FEBS J, 276,
437-456.
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R.Schröder,
R.G.Atkinson,
and
R.J.Redgwell
(2009).
Re-interpreting the role of endo-beta-mannanases as mannan endotransglycosylase/hydrolases in the plant cell wall.
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Ann Bot (Lond), 104,
197-204.
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E.J.Mellerowicz,
P.Immerzeel,
and
T.Hayashi
(2008).
Xyloglucan: the molecular muscle of trees.
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Ann Bot (Lond), 102,
659-665.
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K.Piens,
A.M.Henriksson,
F.Gullfot,
M.Lopez,
R.Fauré,
F.M.Ibatullin,
T.T.Teeri,
H.Driguez,
and
H.Brumer
(2007).
Glycosynthase activity of hybrid aspen xyloglucan endo-transglycosylase PttXET16-34 nucleophile mutants.
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Org Biomol Chem, 5,
3971-3978.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
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