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Oxidoreductase
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PDB id
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1qbi
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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class:
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E.C.1.1.5.2
- Quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase.
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Reaction:
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D-glucose + ubiquinone = D-glucono-1,5-lactone + ubiquinol
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D-glucose
Bound ligand (Het Group name = )
matches with 50.00% similarity
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+
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ubiquinone
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=
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D-glucono-1,5-lactone
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+
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ubiquinol
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Cofactor:
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Calcium or magnesium; Pyrroloquinoline quinone
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Calcium
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or
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magnesium
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Pyrroloquinoline quinone
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation
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Biological process
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oxidation-reduction process
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2 terms
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Biochemical function
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catalytic activity
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6 terms
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DOI no:
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J Mol Biol
289:319-333
(1999)
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PubMed id:
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The 1.7 A crystal structure of the apo form of the soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus reveals a novel internal conserved sequence repeat.
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A.Oubrie,
H.J.Rozeboom,
K.H.Kalk,
J.A.Duine,
B.W.Dijkstra.
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ABSTRACT
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The crystal structure of a dimeric apo form of the soluble quinoprotein glucose
dehydrogenase (s-GDH) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has been solved by
multiple isomorphous replacement followed by density modification, and was
subsequently refined at 1. 72 A resolution to a final crystallographic R-factor
of 16.5% and free R-factor of 20.8% [corrected]. The s-GDH monomer has a
beta-propeller fold consisting of six four-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheets
aligned around a pseudo 6-fold symmetry axis. The enzyme binds three calcium
ions per monomer, two of which are located in the dimer interface. The third is
bound in the putative active site, where it may bind and functionalize the
pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) cofactor. A data base search unexpectedly showed
that four uncharacterized protein sequences are homologous to s-GDH with many
residues in the putative active site absolutely conserved. This indicates that
these homologs may have a similar structure and that they may catalyze similar
PQQ-dependent reactions.A structure-based sequence alignment of the six
four-stranded beta-sheets in s-GDH's beta-propeller fold shows an internally
conserved sequence repeat that gives rise to two distinct conserved structural
motifs. The first structural motif is found at the corner of the short beta-turn
between the inner two beta-strands of the beta-sheets, where an Asp side-chain
points back into the beta-sheet to form a hydrogen-bond with the OH/NH of a
Tyr/Trp side-chain in the same beta-sheet. The second motif involves an Arg/Lys
side-chain in the C beta-strand of one beta-sheet, which forms a bidentate
salt-bridge with an Asp/Glu in the CD loop of the next beta-sheet. These intra
and inter-beta-sheet hydrogen-bonds are likely to contribute to the stability of
the s-GDH beta-propeller fold.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 5.
Figure 5. Stereo view of the Ca
2+
-sites of s-GDH in
ball and stick representation: (a) Ca
2+
-binding in the
putative active site; (b) and (c) in the dimerization inter-
face. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and calcium atoms are
shown in white, blue, red, and yellow, respectively.
Hydrogen-bonding interactions are marked with a
broken line.
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Figure 6.
Figure 6. Molecular surface drawing of one s-GDH
monomer created using the program GRASP (Nicholls
& Honig, 1993), showing the large negatively charged
patch in the dimerization interface. Neutral, positively
and negatively charged patches are shown in gray, blue,
and red, respectively.
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The above figures are
reprinted
by permission from Elsevier:
J Mol Biol
(1999,
289,
319-333)
copyright 1999.
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Figures were
selected
by the author.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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L.Tetianec,
I.Bratkovskaja,
J.Kulys,
V.Casaite,
and
R.Meskys
(2011).
Probing Reactivity of PQQ-Dependent Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases Using Artificial Electron Acceptor.
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Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 163,
404-414.
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J.Kulys,
L.Tetianec,
and
I.Bratkovskaja
(2010).
Pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent carbohydrate dehydrogenase: activity enhancement and the role of artificial electron acceptors.
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Biotechnol J, 5,
822-828.
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S.W.Fan,
R.A.George,
N.L.Haworth,
L.L.Feng,
J.Y.Liu,
and
M.A.Wouters
(2009).
Conformational changes in redox pairs of protein structures.
|
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Protein Sci, 18,
1745-1765.
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S.M.Southall,
J.J.Doel,
D.J.Richardson,
and
A.Oubrie
(2006).
Soluble aldose sugar dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli: a highly exposed active site conferring broad substrate specificity.
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J Biol Chem, 281,
30650-30659.
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PDB code:
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S.Watanabe,
N.Shimada,
K.Tajima,
T.Kodaki,
and
K.Makino
(2006).
Identification and characterization of L-arabonate dehydratase, L-2-keto-3-deoxyarabonate dehydratase, and L-arabinolactonase involved in an alternative pathway of L-arabinose metabolism. Novel evolutionary insight into sugar metabolism.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 281,
33521-33536.
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T.Miyazaki,
T.Sugisawa,
and
T.Hoshino
(2006).
Pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent dehydrogenases from Ketogulonicigenium vulgare catalyze the direct conversion of L-sorbosone to L-ascorbic acid.
|
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 72,
1487-1495.
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S.Tanaka,
S.Igarashi,
S.Ferri,
and
K.Sode
(2005).
Increasing stability of water-soluble PQQ glucose dehydrogenase by increasing hydrophobic interaction at dimeric interface.
|
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BMC Biochem, 6,
1.
|
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V.Sharma,
V.Kumar,
G.Archana,
and
G.N.Kumar
(2005).
Substrate specificity of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) of Enterobacter asburiae PSI3 and rock phosphate solubilization with GDH substrates as C sources.
|
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Can J Microbiol, 51,
477-482.
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A.C.Schwartz,
G.Gockel,
J.Gross,
B.Moritz,
and
H.E.Meyer
(2004).
Relations and functions of dye-linked formaldehyde dehydrogenase from Hyphomicrobium zavarzinii revealed by sequence determination and analysis.
|
| |
Arch Microbiol, 182,
458-466.
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S.Y.Reddy,
and
T.C.Bruice
(2004).
Determination of enzyme mechanisms by molecular dynamics: studies on quinoproteins, methanol dehydrogenase, and soluble glucose dehydrogenase.
|
| |
Protein Sci, 13,
1965-1978.
|
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|
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M.Wimmerova,
E.Mitchell,
J.F.Sanchez,
C.Gautier,
and
A.Imberty
(2003).
Crystal structure of fungal lectin: six-bladed beta-propeller fold and novel fucose recognition mode for Aleuria aurantia lectin.
|
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J Biol Chem, 278,
27059-27067.
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PDB code:
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A.Oubrie,
H.J.Rozeboom,
K.H.Kalk,
E.G.Huizinga,
and
B.W.Dijkstra
(2002).
Crystal structure of quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from Comamonas testosteroni: structural basis for substrate oxidation and electron transfer.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 277,
3727-3732.
|
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PDB code:
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Z.Jawad,
and
M.Paoli
(2002).
Novel sequences propel familiar folds.
|
| |
Structure, 10,
447-454.
|
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|
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A.Jongejan,
J.A.Jongejan,
and
W.R.Hagen
(2001).
Direct hydride transfer in the reaction mechanism of quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases: a quantum mechanical investigation.
|
| |
J Comput Chem, 22,
1732-1749.
|
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|
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|
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C.Anthony
(2001).
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and quinoprotein enzymes.
|
| |
Antioxid Redox Signal, 3,
757-774.
|
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|
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|
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E.I.Scharff,
J.Koepke,
G.Fritzsch,
C.Lücke,
and
H.Rüterjans
(2001).
Crystal structure of diisopropylfluorophosphatase from Loligo vulgaris.
|
| |
Structure, 9,
493-502.
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PDB codes:
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|
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J.A.Duine
(2001).
Cofactor diversity in biological oxidations: implications and applications.
|
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Chem Rec, 1,
74-83.
|
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|
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|
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S.Shin,
N.C.Ha,
B.C.Oh,
T.K.Oh,
and
B.H.Oh
(2001).
Enzyme mechanism and catalytic property of beta propeller phytase.
|
| |
Structure, 9,
851-858.
|
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PDB code:
|
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|
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|
 |
A.Oubrie,
and
B.W.Dijkstra
(2000).
Structural requirements of pyrroloquinoline quinone dependent enzymatic reactions.
|
| |
Protein Sci, 9,
1265-1273.
|
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|
|
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|
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A.R.Dewanti,
and
J.A.Duine
(2000).
Ca2+-assisted, direct hydride transfer, and rate-determining tautomerization of C5-reduced PQQ to PQQH2, in the oxidation of beta-D-glucose by soluble, quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase.
|
| |
Biochemistry, 39,
9384-9392.
|
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|
|
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|
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A.Oubrie,
H.J.Rozeboom,
and
B.W.Dijkstra
(1999).
Active-site structure of the soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase complexed with methylhydrazine: a covalent cofactor-inhibitor complex.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96,
11787-11791.
|
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|
PDB code:
|
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|
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|
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A.Oubrie,
H.J.Rozeboom,
K.H.Kalk,
A.J.Olsthoorn,
J.A.Duine,
and
B.W.Dijkstra
(1999).
Structure and mechanism of soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase.
|
| |
EMBO J, 18,
5187-5194.
|
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|
PDB codes:
|
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|
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V.Fülöp,
and
D.T.Jones
(1999).
Beta propellers: structural rigidity and functional diversity.
|
| |
Curr Opin Struct Biol, 9,
715-721.
|
 |
|
 |
 |
|
The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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