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Ribosome PDB id
1njm
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
124 a.a.* *
223 a.a.* *
DNA/RNA
Ligands
SPS
* Residue conservation analysis
* C-alpha coords only
PDB id:
1njm
Name: Ribosome
Title: The crystal structure of the 50s large ribosomal subunit from deinococcus radiodurans complexed with a tRNA acceptor stem mimic (asm) and the antibiotic sparsomycin
Structure: 23s ribosomal RNA. Chain: 0. tRNA acceptor stem mimic. Chain: 5. Engineered: yes. 50s ribosomal protein l16. Chain: k. General stress protein ctc. Chain: t
Source: Deinococcus radiodurans. Organism_taxid: 1299. Synthetic: yes. Other_details: the terminal c of asm was coupled via a phosphodiester bond to the 5 oh of the n6-dimethyl moiety of puromycin. Organism_taxid: 1299
Biol. unit: Tetramer (from PQS)
Resolution:
3.60Å     R-factor:   0.284     R-free:   0.308
Authors: A.Bashan,I.Agmon,R.Zarivatch,F.Schluenzen,J.M.Harms, R.Berisio,H.Bartels,H.A.Hansen,A.Yonath
Key ref:
A.Bashan et al. (2003). Structural basis of the ribosomal machinery for peptide bond formation, translocation, and nascent chain progression. Mol Cell, 11, 91. PubMed id: 12535524 DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00009-1
Date:
02-Jan-03     Release date:   11-Feb-03    
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q9RXJ5  (RL16_DEIRA) -  50S ribosomal protein L16
Seq:
Struc: 		141 a.a.
124 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q9RX88  (RL25_DEIRA) -  50S ribosomal protein L25
Seq:
Struc: 		237 a.a.
223 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure

 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     intracellular   3 terms 
  Biological process     translation   1 term 
  Biochemical function     structural constituent of ribosome     5 terms  

 

 
    Added reference    
 
 
DOI no: 10.1016/S1097-2765(03)00009-1 Mol Cell 11:91 (2003)
PubMed id: 12535524  
 
 
Structural basis of the ribosomal machinery for peptide bond formation, translocation, and nascent chain progression.
A.Bashan, I.Agmon, R.Zarivach, F.Schluenzen, J.Harms, R.Berisio, H.Bartels, F.Franceschi, T.Auerbach, H.A.Hansen, E.Kossoy, M.Kessler, A.Yonath.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
Crystal structures of tRNA mimics complexed with the large ribosomal subunit of Deinococcus radiodurans indicate that remote interactions determine the precise orientation of tRNA in the peptidyl-transferase center (PTC). The PTC tolerates various orientations of puromycin derivatives and its flexibility allows the conformational rearrangements required for peptide-bond formation. Sparsomycin binds to A2602 and alters the PTC conformation. H69, the intersubunit-bridge connecting the PTC and decoding site, may also participate in tRNA placement and translocation. A spiral rotation of the 3' end of the A-site tRNA around a 2-fold axis of symmetry identified within the PTC suggests a unified ribosomal machinery for peptide-bond formation, A-to-P-site translocation, and entrance of nascent proteins into the exit tunnel. Similar 2-fold related regions, detected in all known structures of large ribosomal subunits, indicate the universality of this mechanism.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Substrate Analogs Bound to the PTC(A–D) Stereo views showing the structures of ASM, ACCP, SPAR, and ASM/SPAR in their binding sites within D50S PTC, together with their electron density maps, contoured at 1.0σ. The sequences of ASM and ACCP and the chemical formula sparsomycin are inserted.(E) Two-dimensional diagram of the 23S region of D50S PTC. The bases interacting with ASM, ACCP, and ASM/SPAR are marked. 		Figure 3.
Figure 3. Flexibility within the PTC(A and B) Side and front (compared to Figure 1A) views of the PTC. The view shown in (A) includes the docked A- and P-site tRNAs, ASM, ASM/SPAR, and SPAR. It highlights the contributions of protein L16 to the precise positioning of ASM and the proximity of protein CTC. The view in (B) shows SPAR and ASM/SPAR and their relative orientations compared to the docked A- and P-sites tRNA.(C) H69 with ASM and the docked A-site tRNA in D50S (left) and together with P-site tRNA in T70S (right).(D) The relative orientations of A2602 (A2581D) in different complexes of D50S (ASM, ASM/SPAR, ACCP) and H50S: PDB entry 1FGO (Nissen et al., 2000) and PDB entry 1KQS (Schmeing et al., 2002). The conformations of A2602 (A2581D) in D50S complexes with sparsomycin (SPAR) and chloramphenicol (CAM) were included to indicate the limits of A2602 flexibility.(E) Three views, showing the backbone of H93 in the same orientation, together with ASM (left), SPAR (gold), and ASM/SPAR (middle) and ACCP (right). Hydrated Mg^2+ ions are shown as pink dots.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Cell Press: Mol Cell (2003, 11, 91-0) copyright 2003.  
  Figures were selected by an automated process.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21292164 H.Ramu, N.Vázquez-Laslop, D.Klepacki, Q.Dai, J.Piccirilli, R.Micura, and A.S.Mankin (2011).
Nascent peptide in the ribosome exit tunnel affects functional properties of the A-site of the peptidyl transferase center.
  Mol Cell, 41, 321-330.  
21281690 K.Kipper, S.Sild, C.Hetényi, J.Remme, and A.Liiv (2011).
Pseudouridylation of 23S rRNA helix 69 promotes peptide release by release factor RF2 but not by release factor RF1.
  Biochimie, 93, 834-844.  
20375101 A.Chirkova, M.D.Erlacher, N.Clementi, M.Zywicki, M.Aigner, and N.Polacek (2010).
The role of the universally conserved A2450-C2063 base pair in the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 38, 4844-4855.  
20494981 H.David-Eden, A.S.Mankin, and Y.Mandel-Gutfreund (2010).
Structural signatures of antibiotic binding sites on the ribosome.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 38, 5982-5994.  
20080686 T.Auerbach, I.Mermershtain, C.Davidovich, A.Bashan, M.Belousoff, I.Wekselman, E.Zimmerman, L.Xiong, D.Klepacki, K.Arakawa, H.Kinashi, A.S.Mankin, and A.Yonath (2010).
The structure of ribosome-lankacidin complex reveals ribosomal sites for synergistic antibiotics.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 1983-1988.
PDB code: 3jq4
20154667 T.Schneider-Poetsch, T.Usui, D.Kaida, and M.Yoshida (2010).
Garbled messages and corrupted translations.
  Nat Chem Biol, 6, 189-198.  
20151411 X.Ge, and B.Roux (2010).
Calculation of the standard binding free energy of sparsomycin to the ribosomal peptidyl-transferase P-site using molecular dynamics simulations with restraining potentials.
  J Mol Recognit, 23, 128-141.  
19656820 A.Yonath (2009).
Large facilities and the evolving ribosome, the cellular machine for genetic-code translation.
  J R Soc Interface, 6, S575-S585.  
19929179 D.N.Wilson (2009).
The A-Z of bacterial translation inhibitors.
  Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 44, 393-433.  
19089882 E.Zimmerman, and A.Yonath (2009).
Biological implications of the ribosome's stunning stereochemistry.
  Chembiochem, 10, 63-72.  
19742176 I.Agmon (2009).
The dimeric proto-ribosome: structural details and possible implications on the origin of life.
  Int J Mol Sci, 10, 2921-2934.  
19575570 R.A.Britton (2009).
Role of GTPases in bacterial ribosome assembly.
  Annu Rev Microbiol, 63, 155-176.  
19363482 R.M.Voorhees, A.Weixlbaumer, D.Loakes, A.C.Kelley, and V.Ramakrishnan (2009).
Insights into substrate stabilization from snapshots of the peptidyl transferase center of the intact 70S ribosome.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 16, 528-533.
PDB codes: 2wdg 2wdh 2wdi 2wdj 2wdk 2wdl 2wdm 2wdn
19966413 T.J.McLellan, E.S.Marr, L.M.Wondrack, T.A.Subashi, P.A.Aeed, S.Han, Z.Xu, I.K.Wang, and B.A.Maguire (2009).
A systematic study of 50S ribosomal subunit purification enabling robust crystallization.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 65, 1270-1282.  
19838167 T.M.Schmeing, and V.Ramakrishnan (2009).
What recent ribosome structures have revealed about the mechanism of translation.
  Nature, 461, 1234-1242.  
20025795 X.Agirrezabala, and J.Frank (2009).
Elongation in translation as a dynamic interaction among the ribosome, tRNA, and elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu.
  Q Rev Biophys, 42, 159-200.  
19915655 A.Bashan, and A.Yonath (2008).
The linkage between ribosomal crystallography, metal ions, heteropolytungstates and functional flexibility.
  J Mol Struct, 890, 289-294.  
19098107 C.Davidovich, A.Bashan, and A.Yonath (2008).
Structural basis for cross-resistance to ribosomal PTC antibiotics.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 20665-20670.  
18611858 D.Piekna-Przybylska, P.Przybylski, A.Baudin-Baillieu, J.P.Rousset, and M.J.Fournier (2008).
Ribosome performance is enhanced by a rich cluster of pseudouridines in the A-site finger region of the large subunit.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 26026-26036.  
18663023 E.Skripkin, T.S.McConnell, J.DeVito, L.Lawrence, J.A.Ippolito, E.M.Duffy, J.Sutcliffe, and F.Franceschi (2008).
R chi-01, a new family of oxazolidinones that overcome ribosome-based linezolid resistance.
  Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 52, 3550-3557.  
18625614 H.David-Eden, and Y.Mandel-Gutfreund (2008).
Revealing unique properties of the ribosome using a network based analysis.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 4641-4652.  
18936244 H.Ishida, and S.Hayward (2008).
Path of nascent polypeptide in exit tunnel revealed by molecular dynamics simulation of ribosome.
  Biophys J, 95, 5962-5973.  
18809677 I.Wohlgemuth, S.Brenner, M.Beringer, and M.V.Rodnina (2008).
Modulation of the rate of peptidyl transfer on the ribosome by the nature of substrates.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 32229-32235.  
18365744 K.N.Bulygin, S.Baouz-Drahy, A.Favre, A.G.Ven'iaminova, D.M.Graíífer, and G.G.Karpova (2008).
[The environment of tRNA 3'-terminus in 80S ribosome A and P sites].
  Bioorg Khim, 34, 96.  
18369182 M.Beringer (2008).
Modulating the activity of the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome.
  RNA, 14, 795-801.  
18268024 S.C.Abeysirigunawardena, and C.S.Chow (2008).
pH-dependent structural changes of helix 69 from Escherichia coli 23S ribosomal RNA.
  RNA, 14, 782-792.  
17379815 A.V.Manuilov, S.S.Hixson, and R.A.Zimmermann (2007).
New photoreactive tRNA derivatives for probing the peptidyl transferase center of the ribosome.
  RNA, 13, 793-800.  
17360517 C.Davidovich, A.Bashan, T.Auerbach-Nevo, R.D.Yaggie, R.R.Gontarek, and A.Yonath (2007).
Induced-fit tightens pleuromutilins binding to ribosomes and remote interactions enable their selectivity.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 4291-4296.
PDB codes: 2ogm 2ogn 2ogo
17531804 D.N.Wilson, and K.H.Nierhaus (2007).
The oxazolidinone class of drugs find their orientation on the ribosome.
  Mol Cell, 26, 460-462.  
17499045 K.L.Leach, S.M.Swaney, J.R.Colca, W.G.McDonald, J.R.Blinn, L.M.Thomasco, R.C.Gadwood, D.Shinabarger, L.Xiong, and A.S.Mankin (2007).
The site of action of oxazolidinone antibiotics in living bacteria and in human mitochondria.
  Mol Cell, 26, 393-402.  
17293420 L.R.Cruz-Vera, A.New, C.Squires, and C.Yanofsky (2007).
Ribosomal features essential for tna operon induction: tryptophan binding at the peptidyl transferase center.
  J Bacteriol, 189, 3140-3146.  
17660192 M.Amort, B.Wotzel, K.Bakowska-Zywicka, M.D.Erlacher, R.Micura, and N.Polacek (2007).
An intact ribose moiety at A2602 of 23S rRNA is key to trigger peptidyl-tRNA hydrolysis during translation termination.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 5130-5140.  
17570820 M.Beringer, and M.V.Rodnina (2007).
Importance of tRNA interactions with 23S rRNA for peptide bond formation on the ribosome: studies with substrate analogs.
  Biol Chem, 388, 687-691.  
17499039 M.Beringer, and M.V.Rodnina (2007).
The ribosomal peptidyl transferase.
  Mol Cell, 26, 311-321.  
17157507 M.V.Rodnina, M.Beringer, and W.Wintermeyer (2007).
How ribosomes make peptide bonds.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 32, 20-26.  
17872507 P.P.Vaidyanathan, M.P.Deutscher, and A.Malhotra (2007).
RluD, a highly conserved pseudouridine synthase, modifies 50S subunits more specifically and efficiently than free 23S rRNA.
  RNA, 13, 1868-1876.  
16938893 A.Gindulyte, A.Bashan, I.Agmon, L.Massa, A.Yonath, and J.Karle (2006).
The transition state for formation of the peptide bond in the ribosome.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 13327-13332.  
16973438 I.K.Ali, L.Lancaster, J.Feinberg, S.Joseph, and H.F.Noller (2006).
Deletion of a conserved, central ribosomal intersubunit RNA bridge.
  Mol Cell, 23, 865-874.  
16799464 I.Wohlgemuth, M.Beringer, and M.V.Rodnina (2006).
Rapid peptide bond formation on isolated 50S ribosomal subunits.
  EMBO Rep, 7, 699-703.  
16997968 L.Schaefer, W.C.Uicker, C.Wicker-Planquart, A.E.Foucher, J.M.Jault, and R.A.Britton (2006).
Multiple GTPases participate in the assembly of the large ribosomal subunit in Bacillus subtilis.
  J Bacteriol, 188, 8252-8258.  
16980477 M.Jiang, K.Datta, A.Walker, J.Strahler, P.Bagamasbad, P.C.Andrews, and J.R.Maddock (2006).
The Escherichia coli GTPase CgtAE is involved in late steps of large ribosome assembly.
  J Bacteriol, 188, 6757-6770.  
16959973 M.Selmer, C.M.Dunham, F.V.Murphy, A.Weixlbaumer, S.Petry, A.C.Kelley, J.R.Weir, and V.Ramakrishnan (2006).
Structure of the 70S ribosome complexed with mRNA and tRNA.
  Science, 313, 1935-1942.
PDB codes: 2j00 2j01 2j02 2j03
17032763 N.S.Sato, N.Hirabayashi, I.Agmon, A.Yonath, and T.Suzuki (2006).
Comprehensive genetic selection revealed essential bases in the peptidyl-transferase center.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 15386-15391.  
16648860 P.Bieling, M.Beringer, S.Adio, and M.V.Rodnina (2006).
Peptide bond formation does not involve acid-base catalysis by ribosomal residues.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 13, 423-428.  
16356725 Q.Vicens, and T.R.Cech (2006).
Atomic level architecture of group I introns revealed.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 31, 41-51.  
16390447 W.C.Uicker, L.Schaefer, and R.A.Britton (2006).
The essential GTPase RbgA (YlqF) is required for 50S ribosome assembly in Bacillus subtilis.
  Mol Microbiol, 59, 528-540.  
16043494 A.Mushegian (2005).
Protein content of minimal and ancestral ribosome.
  RNA, 11, 1400-1406.  
16180279 A.Yonath (2005).
Antibiotics targeting ribosomes: resistance, selectivity, synergism and cellular regulation.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 74, 649-679.  
16272117 B.S.Schuwirth, M.A.Borovinskaya, C.W.Hau, W.Zhang, A.Vila-Sanjurjo, J.M.Holton, and J.H.Cate (2005).
Structures of the bacterial ribosome at 3.5 A resolution.
  Science, 310, 827-834.
PDB codes: 2avy 2aw4 2aw7 2awb
15616575 D.N.Wilson, F.Schluenzen, J.M.Harms, T.Yoshida, T.Ohkubo, R.Albrecht, J.Buerger, Y.Kobayashi, and P.Fucini (2005).
X-ray crystallography study on ribosome recycling: the mechanism of binding and action of RRF on the 50S ribosomal subunit.
  EMBO J, 24, 251-260.
PDB code: 1y69
16257826 D.N.Wilson, and K.H.Nierhaus (2005).
Ribosomal proteins in the spotlight.
  Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 40, 243-267.  
15851032 D.Tu, G.Blaha, P.B.Moore, and T.A.Steitz (2005).
Structures of MLSBK antibiotics bound to mutated large ribosomal subunits provide a structural explanation for resistance.
  Cell, 121, 257-270.
PDB codes: 1yhq 1yi2 1yij 1yit 1yj9 1yjn 1yjw
15951374 F.Vanzi, Y.Takagi, H.Shuman, B.S.Cooperman, and Y.E.Goldman (2005).
Mechanical studies of single ribosome/mRNA complexes.
  Biophys J, 89, 1909-1919.  
16164408 I.Agmon, A.Bashan, R.Zarivach, and A.Yonath (2005).
Symmetry at the active site of the ribosome: structural and functional implications.
  Biol Chem, 386, 833-844.  
15980485 J.Kleinjung, and F.Fraternali (2005).
POPSCOMP: an automated interaction analysis of biomolecular complexes.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, W342-W346.  
16261170 J.Poehlsgaard, and S.Douthwaite (2005).
The bacterial ribosome as a target for antibiotics.
  Nat Rev Microbiol, 3, 870-881.  
16249344 K.Y.Sanbonmatsu, S.Joseph, and C.S.Tung (2005).
Simulating movement of tRNA into the ribosome during decoding.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 15854-15859.  
16129670 M.Beringer, C.Bruell, L.Xiong, P.Pfister, P.Bieling, V.I.Katunin, A.S.Mankin, E.C.Böttger, and M.V.Rodnina (2005).
Essential mechanisms in the catalysis of peptide bond formation on the ribosome.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 36065-36072.  
15767286 M.D.Erlacher, K.Lang, N.Shankaran, B.Wotzel, A.Hüttenhofer, R.Micura, A.S.Mankin, and N.Polacek (2005).
Chemical engineering of the peptidyl transferase center reveals an important role of the 2'-hydroxyl group of A2451.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 1618-1627.  
16120833 M.Sumita, J.P.Desaulniers, Y.C.Chang, H.M.Chui, L.Clos, and C.S.Chow (2005).
Effects of nucleotide substitution and modification on the stability and structure of helix 69 from 28S rRNA.
  RNA, 11, 1420-1429.  
16177132 N.M.Abdi, and K.Fredrick (2005).
Contribution of 16S rRNA nucleotides forming the 30S subunit A and P sites to translation in Escherichia coli.
  RNA, 11, 1624-1632.  
16257828 N.Polacek, and A.S.Mankin (2005).
The ribosomal peptidyl transferase center: structure, function, evolution, inhibition.
  Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 40, 285-311.  
15928344 N.S.Gutgsell, M.P.Deutscher, and J.Ofengand (2005).
The pseudouridine synthase RluD is required for normal ribosome assembly and function in Escherichia coli.
  RNA, 11, 1141-1152.  
15917438 S.Dorner, W.Schmid, and A.Barta (2005).
Activity of 3'-thioAMP derivatives as ribosomal P-site substrates.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 3065-3071.  
16116099 S.Trobro, and J.Aqvist (2005).
Mechanism of peptide bond synthesis on the ribosome.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 12395-12400.  
15766524 T.T.Lee, S.Agarwalla, and R.M.Stroud (2005).
A unique RNA Fold in the RumA-RNA-cofactor ternary complex contributes to substrate selectivity and enzymatic function.
  Cell, 120, 599-611.
PDB code: 2bh2
15256541 A.E.Hesslein, V.I.Katunin, M.Beringer, A.B.Kosek, M.V.Rodnina, and S.A.Strobel (2004).
Exploration of the conserved A+C wobble pair within the ribosomal peptidyl transferase center using affinity purified mutant ribosomes.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 3760-3770.  
15487937 A.Yonath, and A.Bashan (2004).
Ribosomal crystallography: initiation, peptide bond formation, and amino acid polymerization are hampered by antibiotics.
  Annu Rev Microbiol, 58, 233-251.  
15208448 B.Liu, and M.J.Fournier (2004).
Interference probing of rRNA with snoRNPs: a novel approach for functional mapping of RNA in vivo.
  RNA, 10, 1130-1141.  
15554968 F.Schlünzen, E.Pyetan, P.Fucini, A.Yonath, and J.M.Harms (2004).
Inhibition of peptide bond formation by pleuromutilins: the structure of the 50S ribosomal subunit from Deinococcus radiodurans in complex with tiamulin.
  Mol Microbiol, 54, 1287-1294.
PDB code: 1xbp
15059283 J.M.Harms, F.Schlünzen, P.Fucini, H.Bartels, and A.Yonath (2004).
Alterations at the peptidyl transferase centre of the ribosome induced by the synergistic action of the streptogramins dalfopristin and quinupristin.
  BMC Biol, 2, 4.
PDB code: 1sm1
14730022 M.Del Campo, J.Ofengand, and A.Malhotra (2004).
Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of RluD, the only rRNA pseudouridine synthase required for normal growth of Escherichia coli.
  RNA, 10, 231-239.
PDB code: 1qyu
15491801 T.Auerbach, A.Bashan, and A.Yonath (2004).
Ribosomal antibiotics: structural basis for resistance, synergism and selectivity.
  Trends Biotechnol, 22, 570-576.  
15037769 U.Maiväli, and J.Remme (2004).
Definition of bases in 23S rRNA essential for ribosomal subunit association.
  RNA, 10, 600-604.  
12925991 A.Bashan, R.Zarivach, F.Schluenzen, I.Agmon, J.Harms, T.Auerbach, D.Baram, R.Berisio, H.Bartels, H.A.Hansen, P.Fucini, D.Wilson, M.Peretz, M.Kessler, and A.Yonath (2003).
Ribosomal crystallography: peptide bond formation and its inhibition.
  Biopolymers, 70, 19-41.  
14669983 A.Yonath (2003).
Ribosomal tolerance and peptide bond formation.
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14523918 A.Yonath (2003).
Structural insight into functional aspects of ribosomal RNA targeting.
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12932345 D.R.Southworth, and R.Green (2003).
Ribosomal translocation: sparsomycin pushes the button.
  Curr Biol, 13, R652-R654.  
12787020 I.Agmon, T.Auerbach, D.Baram, H.Bartels, A.Bashan, R.Berisio, P.Fucini, H.A.Hansen, J.Harms, M.Kessler, M.Peretz, F.Schluenzen, A.Yonath, and R.Zarivach (2003).
On peptide bond formation, translocation, nascent protein progression and the regulatory properties of ribosomes. Derived on 20 October 2002 at the 28th FEBS Meeting in Istanbul.
  Eur J Biochem, 270, 2543-2556.  
12750524 K.Fredrick, and H.F.Noller (2003).
Catalysis of ribosomal translocation by sparsomycin.
  Science, 300, 1159-1162.  
12869702 M.Beringer, S.Adio, W.Wintermeyer, and M.Rodnina (2003).
The G2447A mutation does not affect ionization of a ribosomal group taking part in peptide bond formation.
  RNA, 9, 919-922.  
12831884 M.V.Rodnina, and W.Wintermeyer (2003).
Peptide bond formation on the ribosome: structure and mechanism.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 13, 334-340.  
12925992 Q.Vicens, and E.Westhof (2003).
Molecular recognition of aminoglycoside antibiotics by ribosomal RNA and resistance enzymes: an analysis of x-ray crystal structures.
  Biopolymers, 70, 42-57.  
14523919 Q.Vicens, and E.Westhof (2003).
RNA as a drug target: the case of aminoglycosides.
  Chembiochem, 4, 1018-1023.  
14523917 Y.Tor (2003).
Targeting RNA with small molecules.
  Chembiochem, 4, 998.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.