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Enzyme class 1:
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Chains N, C:
E.C.2.7.7.49
- RNA-directed Dna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate
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+
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DNA(n)
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=
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diphosphate
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+
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DNA(n+1)
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Enzyme class 2:
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Chains N, C:
E.C.2.7.7.7
- DNA-directed Dna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate
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+
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DNA(n)
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=
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diphosphate
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+
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DNA(n+1)
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Enzyme class 3:
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Chains N, C:
E.C.3.1.13.2
- Exoribonuclease H.
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Reaction:
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Exonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphomonoester oligonucleotides in both 5'- to 3'- and 3'- to 5'-directions.
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Enzyme class 4:
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Chains N, C:
E.C.3.1.26.13
- Retroviral ribonuclease H.
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Enzyme class 5:
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Chains N, C:
E.C.3.4.23.16
- HIV-1 retropepsin.
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Reaction:
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Specific for a P1 residue that is hydrophobic, and P1' variable, but often Pro.
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Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may
correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein
precursors, to a different mature protein.
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation
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Biochemical function
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nucleic acid binding
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2 terms
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DOI no:
|
FEBS Lett
292:25-30
(1991)
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PubMed id:
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Structural characterization of a 39-residue synthetic peptide containing the two zinc binding domains from the HIV-1 p7 nucleocapsid protein by CD and NMR spectroscopy.
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J.G.Omichinski,
G.M.Clore,
K.Sakaguchi,
E.Appella,
A.M.Gronenborn.
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| |
ABSTRACT
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A 39-residue peptide (p7-DF) containing the two zinc binding domains of the p7
nucleocapsid protein was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis. The solution
structure of the peptide was characterized using circular dichroic and nuclear
magnetic resonance spectroscopy in both the presence and absence of zinc ions.
Circular dichroic spectroscopy indicates that the peptide exhibits a random coil
conformation in the absence of zinc but appears to form an ordered structure in
the presence of zinc. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
indicates that the two zinc binding domains within the peptide form stable, but
independent, units upon the addition of 2 equivalents of ZnCl2 per equivalent of
peptide. Structure calculations on the basis of nuclear Overhauser (NOE) data
indicate that the two zinc binding domains have the same polypeptide fold within
the errors of the coordinates (approximately 0.5 A for the backbone atoms, the
zinc atoms and the coordinating cysteine and histidine ligands). The linker
region (Arg17-Gly23) is characterized by a very limited number of sequential
NOEs and the absence of any non-sequential NOEs suggest that this region of
polypeptide chain is highly flexible. The latter coupled with the occurrence of
a large number of basic residues (four out of seven) in the linker region
suggests that it may serve to allow adaptable positioning of the nucleic acid
recognition sequences within the protein.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
|
|
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| |
PubMed id
|
 |
Reference
|
 |
|
|
|
 |
G.S.Wallace,
C.Cheng-Mayer,
M.L.Schito,
P.Fletcher,
L.M.Miller Jenkins,
R.Hayashi,
A.R.Neurath,
E.Appella,
and
R.J.Shattock
(2009).
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid inhibitors impede trans infection in cellular and explant models and protect nonhuman primates from infection.
|
| |
J Virol, 83,
9175-9182.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
D.M.Lang
(2007).
Imperfect DNA mirror repeats in the gag gene of HIV-1 (HXB2) identify key functional domains and coincide with protein structural elements in each of the mature proteins.
|
| |
Virol J, 4,
113.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
R.S.Russell,
C.Liang,
and
M.A.Wainberg
(2004).
Is HIV-1 RNA dimerization a prerequisite for packaging? Yes, no, probably?
|
| |
Retrovirology, 1,
23.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
S.Ramboarina,
S.Druillennec,
N.Morellet,
S.Bouaziz,
and
B.P.Roques
(2004).
Target specificity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 NCp7 requires an intact conformation of its CCHC N-terminal zinc finger.
|
| |
J Virol, 78,
6682-6687.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
M.J.Heath,
S.S.Derebail,
R.J.Gorelick,
and
J.J.DeStefano
(2003).
Differing roles of the N- and C-terminal zinc fingers in human immunodeficiency virus nucleocapsid protein-enhanced nucleic acid annealing.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 278,
30755-30763.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
O.Barabás,
M.Rumlová,
A.Erdei,
V.Pongrácz,
I.Pichová,
and
B.G.Vértessy
(2003).
dUTPase and nucleocapsid polypeptides of the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus form a fusion protein in the virion with homotrimeric organization and low catalytic efficiency.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 278,
38803-38812.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
J.Guo,
T.Wu,
B.F.Kane,
D.G.Johnson,
L.E.Henderson,
R.J.Gorelick,
and
J.G.Levin
(2002).
Subtle alterations of the native zinc finger structures have dramatic effects on the nucleic acid chaperone activity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein.
|
| |
J Virol, 76,
4370-4378.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
D.J.Klein,
P.E.Johnson,
E.S.Zollars,
R.N.De Guzman,
and
M.F.Summers
(2000).
The NMR structure of the nucleocapsid protein from the mouse mammary tumor virus reveals unusual folding of the C-terminal zinc knuckle.
|
| |
Biochemistry, 39,
1604-1612.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
J.Guo,
T.Wu,
J.Anderson,
B.F.Kane,
D.G.Johnson,
R.J.Gorelick,
L.E.Henderson,
and
J.G.Levin
(2000).
Zinc finger structures in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein facilitate efficient minus- and plus-strand transfer.
|
| |
J Virol, 74,
8980-8988.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
M.F.Shubsda,
C.A.Kirk,
J.Goodisman,
and
J.C.Dabrowiak
(2000).
Binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein to psi-RNA-SL3.
|
| |
Biophys Chem, 87,
149-165.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
E.Le Cam,
D.Coulaud,
E.Delain,
P.Petitjean,
B.P.Roques,
D.Gérard,
E.Stoylova,
C.Vuilleumier,
S.P.Stoylov,
and
Y.Mély
(1998).
Properties and growth mechanism of the ordered aggregation of a model RNA by the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein: an electron microscopy investigation.
|
| |
Biopolymers, 45,
217-229.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
R.N.De Guzman,
R.B.Turner,
and
M.F.Summers
(1998).
Protein-RNA recognition.
|
| |
Biopolymers, 48,
181-195.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
V.Tanchou,
D.Decimo,
C.Péchoux,
D.Lener,
V.Rogemond,
L.Berthoux,
M.Ottmann,
and
J.L.Darlix
(1998).
Role of the N-terminal zinc finger of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein in virus structure and replication.
|
| |
J Virol, 72,
4442-4447.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
Y.Gao,
K.Kaluarachchi,
and
D.P.Giedroc
(1998).
Solution structure and backbone dynamics of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) nucleocapsid protein.
|
| |
Protein Sci, 7,
2265-2280.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
S.P.Stoylov,
C.Vuilleumier,
E.Stoylova,
H.De Rocquigny,
B.P.Roques,
D.Gérard,
and
Y.Mély
(1997).
Ordered aggregation of ribonucleic acids by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein.
|
| |
Biopolymers, 41,
301-312.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
J.F.Kaye,
and
A.M.Lever
(1996).
trans-acting proteins involved in RNA encapsidation and viral assembly in human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
|
| |
J Virol, 70,
880-886.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
R.Khan,
H.O.Chang,
K.Kaluarachchi,
and
D.P.Giedroc
(1996).
Interaction of retroviral nucleocapsid proteins with transfer RNAPhe: a lead ribozyme and 1H NMR study.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res, 24,
3568-3575.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
J.Clever,
C.Sassetti,
and
T.G.Parslow
(1995).
RNA secondary structure and binding sites for gag gene products in the 5' packaging signal of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
|
| |
J Virol, 69,
2101-2109.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
Y.Mély,
H.de Rocquigny,
M.Sorinas-Jimeno,
G.Keith,
B.P.Roques,
R.Marquet,
and
D.Gérard
(1995).
Binding of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein to the primer tRNA(3Lys), in vitro, is essentially not specific.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 270,
1650-1656.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
Y.Tzfati,
H.Abeliovich,
D.Avrahami,
and
J.Shlomai
(1995).
Universal minicircle sequence binding protein, a CCHC-type zinc finger protein that binds the universal minicircle sequence of trypanosomatids. Purification and characterization.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 270,
21339-21345.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
R.D.Berkowitz,
J.Luban,
and
S.P.Goff
(1993).
Specific binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gag polyprotein and nucleocapsid protein to viral RNAs detected by RNA mobility shift assays.
|
| |
J Virol, 67,
7190-7200.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
T.L.South,
and
M.F.Summers
(1993).
Zinc- and sequence-dependent binding to nucleic acids by the N-terminal zinc finger of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein: NMR structure of the complex with the Psi-site analog, dACGCC.
|
| |
Protein Sci, 2,
3.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
Y.Mély,
E.Piémont,
M.Sorinas-Jimeno,
H.de Rocquigny,
N.Jullian,
N.Morellet,
B.P.Roques,
and
D.Gérard
(1993).
Structural and dynamic characterization of the aromatic amino acids of the human immunodeficiency virus type I nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers and their involvement in heterologous tRNA(Phe) binding: a steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence study.
|
| |
Biophys J, 65,
1513-1522.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
M.F.Summers,
L.E.Henderson,
M.R.Chance,
J.W.Bess,
T.L.South,
P.R.Blake,
I.Sagi,
G.Perez-Alvarado,
R.C.Sowder,
and
D.R.Hare
(1992).
Nucleocapsid zinc fingers detected in retroviruses: EXAFS studies of intact viruses and the solution-state structure of the nucleocapsid protein from HIV-1.
|
| |
Protein Sci, 1,
563-574.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
N.Morellet,
N.Jullian,
H.De Rocquigny,
B.Maigret,
J.L.Darlix,
and
B.P.Roques
(1992).
Determination of the structure of the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 from the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 by 1H NMR.
|
| |
EMBO J, 11,
3059-3065.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
W.J.Chazin
(1992).
NMR structures and methodology.
|
| |
Curr Opin Biotechnol, 3,
326-332.
|
 |
|
 |
 |
|
The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
codes are
shown on the right.
|
|