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protein metals Protein-protein interface(s) links
Ligase PDB id
1ldk
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
358 a.a. *
366 a.a. *
88 a.a. *
118 a.a. *
41 a.a. *
Metals
_ZN ×3
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1ldk
Name: Ligase
Title: Structure of the cul1-rbx1-skp1-f boxskp2 scf ubiquitin ligase complex
Structure: Cullin homolog. Chain: a. Fragment: residues 15-410. Synonym: cul1. Engineered: yes. Cullin homolog. Chain: b. Fragment: residues 411-776. Synonym: cul1.
Source: Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562.
Biol. unit: Decamer (from PQS)
Resolution:
3.10Å     R-factor:   0.289     R-free:   0.331
Authors: N.Zheng,B.A.Schulman,L.Song,J.J.Miller,P.D.Jeffrey,P.Wang, C.Chu,D.M.Koepp,S.J.Elledge,M.Pagano,R.C.Conaway, J.W.Conaway,J.W.Harper,N.P.Pavletich
Key ref:
N.Zheng et al. (2002). Structure of the Cul1-Rbx1-Skp1-F boxSkp2 SCF ubiquitin ligase complex. Nature, 416, 703-709. PubMed id: 11961546 DOI: 10.1038/416703a
Date:
08-Apr-02     Release date:   08-May-02    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q13616  (CUL1_HUMAN) -  Cullin-1
Seq:
Struc:
 
Seq:
Struc:
776 a.a.
358 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q13616  (CUL1_HUMAN) -  Cullin-1
Seq:
Struc:
 
Seq:
Struc:
776 a.a.
366 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P62877  (RBX1_HUMAN) -  E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase RBX1
Seq:
Struc:
108 a.a.
88 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P63208  (SKP1_HUMAN) -  S-phase kinase-associated protein 1
Seq:
Struc:
163 a.a.
118 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q13309  (SKP2_HUMAN) -  S-phase kinase-associated protein 2
Seq:
Struc:
424 a.a.
41 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex   1 term 
  Biological process     ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process   1 term 
  Biochemical function     protein binding     3 terms  

 

 
DOI no: 10.1038/416703a Nature 416:703-709 (2002)
PubMed id: 11961546  
 
 
Structure of the Cul1-Rbx1-Skp1-F boxSkp2 SCF ubiquitin ligase complex.
N.Zheng, B.A.Schulman, L.Song, J.J.Miller, P.D.Jeffrey, P.Wang, C.Chu, D.M.Koepp, S.J.Elledge, M.Pagano, R.C.Conaway, J.W.Conaway, J.W.Harper, N.P.Pavletich.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
SCF complexes are the largest family of E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases and mediate the ubiquitination of diverse regulatory and signalling proteins. Here we present the crystal structure of the Cul1-Rbx1-Skp1-F boxSkp2 SCF complex, which shows that Cul1 is an elongated protein that consists of a long stalk and a globular domain. The globular domain binds the RING finger protein Rbx1 through an intermolecular beta-sheet, forming a two-subunit catalytic core that recruits the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme. The long stalk, which consists of three repeats of a novel five-helix motif, binds the Skp1-F boxSkp2 protein substrate-recognition complex at its tip. Cul1 serves as a rigid scaffold that organizes the Skp1-F boxSkp2 and Rbx1 subunits, holding them over 100 A apart. The structure suggests that Cul1 may contribute to catalysis through the positioning of the substrate and the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, and this model is supported by Cul1 mutations designed to eliminate the rigidity of the scaffold.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 1.
Figure 1: Overall structure of the Cul1-Rbx1-Skp1-F boxSkp2 quaternary complex. Cul1, Rbx1, Skp1 and the F-box of Skp2 are coloured in green, red, blue and magenta, respectively. The five helices that make up the cullin-repeat motif are labelled for the second repeat. Figures were prepared with the programs MOLSCRIPT49, GL_RENDER and POVRAY (L. Essar, personal communication).
Figure 4.
Figure 4: Cul1-Skp1-F boxSkp2 interface and the putative protein-binding site on other cullins. a, View of the interface between Cul1 (dark green) and Skp1-F boxSkp2 (blue and magenta) in an orientation rotated 90° about the vertical axis of Fig. 1. The residues of Cul1, Skp1, and F-boxSkp2 that are involved in the interactions are shown in light green, cyan and pink colours, respectively. Hydrogen bonds are indicated by white dotted lines. b, Sequence alignments of the orthologues of Cul2, Cul3 and Cul5 in the regions that correspond to the Skp1-F boxSkp2 binding site of Cul1. Invariant residues are highlighted in yellow. Cul4B is not shown because only human and fly sequences are available. The published Cul4A sequence lacks most of the first cullin repeat. c, The sequence of Cul3 was mapped onto the structure of the Cul1 NTD on the basis of sequence homology, and the resulting model's surface was coloured according to conservation in Cul3 orthologues. The model surface shows that the residues identical in Cul3 orthologues (yellow) cluster on the same surface region as the Skp1-F boxSkp2 binding site of Cul1 (Fig. 2b). A Cul5 model constructed the same way shows a similar feature.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature (2002, 416, 703-709) copyright 2002.  
  Figures were selected by the author.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

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PDB code: 3k1l
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PDB code: 3a33
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Strategies for the identification of ubiquitin ligase inhibitors.
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A pollen factor linking inter- and intraspecific pollen rejection in tomato.
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The SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein SPSB2 targets iNOS for proteasomal degradation.
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The Cul3/Klhdc5 E3 Ligase Regulates p60/Katanin and Is Required for Normal Mitosis in Mammalian Cells.
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Melanoma antigen gene protein-A11 (MAGE-11) F-box links the androgen receptor NH2-terminal transactivation domain to p160 coactivators.
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19325126 M.Tan, S.W.Davis, T.L.Saunders, Y.Zhu, and Y.Sun (2009).
RBX1/ROC1 disruption results in early embryonic lethality due to proliferation failure, partially rescued by simultaneous loss of p27.
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19748355 M.W.Schmidt, P.R.McQuary, S.Wee, K.Hofmann, and D.A.Wolf (2009).
F-box-directed CRL complex assembly and regulation by the CSN and CAND1.
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19818708 M.Zhuang, M.F.Calabrese, J.Liu, M.B.Waddell, A.Nourse, M.Hammel, D.J.Miller, H.Walden, D.M.Duda, S.N.Seyedin, T.Hoggard, J.W.Harper, K.P.White, and B.A.Schulman (2009).
Structures of SPOP-substrate complexes: insights into molecular architectures of BTB-Cul3 ubiquitin ligases.
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PDB codes: 3hqi 3hql 3hqm 3hsv 3htm 3hu6 3hve 3ivq 3ivv
19170764 N.Ito, M.Watanabe-Matsui, K.Igarashi, and K.Murayama (2009).
Crystal structure of the Bach1 BTB domain and its regulation of homodimerization.
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19767775 O.Barbash, E.Egan, L.L.Pontano, J.Kosak, and J.A.Diehl (2009).
Lysine 269 is essential for cyclin D1 ubiquitylation by the SCF(Fbx4/alphaB-crystallin) ligase and subsequent proteasome-dependent degradation.
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RING domain E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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Engineering a ubiquitin ligase reveals conformational flexibility required for ubiquitin transfer.
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19337321 S.Jackson, and Y.Xiong (2009).
Targeting protein ubiquitylation: DDB1 takes its RING off.
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19818632 S.Jackson, and Y.Xiong (2009).
CRL4s: the CUL4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligases.
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19264588 S.Sonnberg, S.B.Fleming, and A.A.Mercer (2009).
A truncated two-{alpha}-helix F-box present in poxvirus ankyrin-repeat proteins is sufficient for binding the SCF1 ubiquitin ligase complex.
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19748892 T.Fishman-Jacob, L.Reznichenko, M.B.Youdim, and S.A.Mandel (2009).
A sporadic Parkinson disease model via silencing of the ubiquitin-proteasome/E3 ligase component SKP1A.
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19679664 T.Isobe, T.Hattori, K.Kitagawa, C.Uchida, Y.Kotake, I.Kosugi, T.Oda, and M.Kitagawa (2009).
Adenovirus E1A inhibits SCF(Fbw7) ubiquitin ligase.
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19398581 T.Saiga, T.Fukuda, M.Matsumoto, H.Tada, H.J.Okano, H.Okano, and K.I.Nakayama (2009).
Fbxo45 forms a novel ubiquitin ligase complex and is required for neuronal development.
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19887642 Y.Iwatani, D.S.Chan, L.Liu, H.Yoshii, J.Shibata, N.Yamamoto, J.G.Levin, A.M.Gronenborn, and W.Sugiura (2009).
HIV-1 Vif-mediated ubiquitination/degradation of APOBEC3G involves four critical lysine residues in its C-terminal domain.
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Degradation of phosphorylated p53 by viral protein-ECS E3 ligase complex.
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19602541 Y.Zhou, Z.W.Carpenter, G.Brennan, and J.R.Nambu (2009).
The unique Morgue ubiquitination protein is conserved in a diverse but restricted set of invertebrates.
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Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in submerged root cells of maize.
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18851830 A.Saha, and R.J.Deshaies (2008).
Multimodal activation of the ubiquitin ligase SCF by Nedd8 conjugation.
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18826954 A.Y.Kim, C.C.Bommeljé, B.E.Lee, Y.Yonekawa, L.Choi, L.G.Morris, G.Huang, A.Kaufman, R.J.Ryan, B.Hao, Y.Ramanathan, and B.Singh (2008).
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18221766 B.A.Wilton, S.Campbell, N.Van Buuren, R.Garneau, M.Furukawa, Y.Xiong, and M.Barry (2008).
Ectromelia virus BTB/kelch proteins, EVM150 and EVM167, interact with cullin-3-based ubiquitin ligases.
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18562529 B.J.Stanley, E.S.Ehrlich, L.Short, Y.Yu, Z.Xiao, X.F.Yu, and Y.Xiong (2008).
Structural insight into the human immunodeficiency virus Vif SOCS box and its role in human E3 ubiquitin ligase assembly.
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PDB code: 3dcg
18644861 C.M.Lovly, L.Yan, C.E.Ryan, S.Takada, and H.Piwnica-Worms (2008).
Regulation of Chk2 ubiquitination and signaling through autophosphorylation of serine 379.
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18070918 D.Ju, X.Wang, H.Xu, and Y.Xie (2008).
Genome-wide analysis identifies MYND-domain protein Mub1 as an essential factor for Rpn4 ubiquitylation.
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18805092 D.M.Duda, L.A.Borg, D.C.Scott, H.W.Hunt, M.Hammel, and B.A.Schulman (2008).
Structural insights into NEDD8 activation of cullin-RING ligases: conformational control of conjugation.
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PDB codes: 3dpl 3dqv
18282298 D.R.Bosu, and E.T.Kipreos (2008).
Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases: global regulation and activation cycles.
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18264111 D.T.Huang, M.Zhuang, O.Ayrault, and B.A.Schulman (2008).
Identification of conjugation specificity determinants unmasks vestigial preference for ubiquitin within the NEDD8 E2.
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18298828 E.Kolmos, H.Schoof, M.Plümer, and S.J.Davis (2008).
Structural insights into the function of the core-circadian factor TIMING OF CAB2 EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1).
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18433436 F.Harmon, T.Imaizumi, and W.M.Gray (2008).
CUL1 regulates TOC1 protein stability in the Arabidopsis circadian clock.
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18802447 G.Rabut, and M.Peter (2008).
Function and regulation of protein neddylation. 'Protein modifications: beyond the usual suspects' review series.
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18988848 H.C.Yen, and S.J.Elledge (2008).
Identification of SCF ubiquitin ligase substrates by global protein stability profiling.
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18258608 H.He, Q.Gu, M.Zheng, D.Normolle, and Y.Sun (2008).
SAG/ROC2/RBX2 E3 ligase promotes UVB-induced skin hyperplasia, but not skin tumors, by simultaneously targeting c-Jun/AP-1 and p27.
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18215523 I.Sumara, S.Maerki, and M.Peter (2008).
E3 ubiquitin ligases and mitosis: embracing the complexity.
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18203720 K.A.Glenn, R.F.Nelson, H.M.Wen, A.J.Mallinger, and H.L.Paulson (2008).
Diversity in tissue expression, substrate binding, and SCF complex formation for a lectin family of ubiquitin ligases.
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18219319 K.Linke, P.D.Mace, C.A.Smith, D.L.Vaux, J.Silke, and C.L.Day (2008).
Structure of the MDM2/MDMX RING domain heterodimer reveals dimerization is required for their ubiquitylation in trans.
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PDB codes: 2vje 2vjf
18723677 K.Yamoah, T.Oashi, A.Sarikas, S.Gazdoiu, R.Osman, and Z.Q.Pan (2008).
Autoinhibitory regulation of SCF-mediated ubiquitination by human cullin 1's C-terminal tail.
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18722180 M.K.Summers, B.Pan, K.Mukhyala, and P.K.Jackson (2008).
The unique N terminus of the UbcH10 E2 enzyme controls the threshold for APC activation and enhances checkpoint regulation of the APC.
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18218622 M.W.Bunce, I.V.Boronenkov, and R.A.Anderson (2008).
Coordinated activation of the nuclear ubiquitin ligase Cul3-SPOP by the generation of phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate.
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18094723 M.Welcker, and B.E.Clurman (2008).
FBW7 ubiquitin ligase: a tumour suppressor at the crossroads of cell division, growth and differentiation.
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18818696 M.Zhang, M.Botër, K.Li, Y.Kadota, B.Panaretou, C.Prodromou, K.Shirasu, and L.H.Pearl (2008).
Structural and functional coupling of Hsp90- and Sgt1-centred multi-protein complexes.
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PDB code: 2jki
18957195 N.H.Saifee, and N.Zheng (2008).
A ubiquitin-like protein unleashes ubiquitin ligases.
  Cell, 135, 209-211.  
18684824 N.van Buuren, B.Couturier, Y.Xiong, and M.Barry (2008).
Ectromelia virus encodes a novel family of F-box proteins that interact with the SCF complex.
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18065420 P.D.Robertson, E.M.Warren, H.Zhang, D.B.Friedman, J.W.Lary, J.L.Cole, A.V.Tutter, J.C.Walter, E.Fanning, and B.F.Eichman (2008).
Domain architecture and biochemical characterization of vertebrate mcm10.
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18261950 P.E.Staswick (2008).
JAZing up jasmonate signaling.
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18698375 P.J.Reynolds, J.R.Simms, and R.J.Duronio (2008).
Identifying determinants of cullin binding specificity among the three functionally different Drosophila melanogaster Roc proteins via domain swapping.
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18305219 Q.Chen, W.Xie, D.J.Kuhn, P.M.Voorhees, A.Lopez-Girona, D.Mendy, L.G.Corral, V.P.Krenitsky, W.Xu, L.Moutouh-de Parseval, D.R.Webb, F.Mercurio, K.I.Nakayama, K.Nakayama, and R.Z.Orlowski (2008).
Targeting the p27 E3 ligase SCF(Skp2) results in p27- and Skp2-mediated cell-cycle arrest and activation of autophagy.
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18323857 R.C.Russell, and M.Ohh (2008).
NEDD8 acts as a 'molecular switch' defining the functional selectivity of VHL.
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18504588 S.E.Han, Y.S.Seo, S.Heo, D.Kim, S.K.Sung, and W.T.Kim (2008).
Structure and expression of MdFBCP1, encoding an F-box-containing protein 1, during Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit ripening.
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18444905 S.K.Hotton, and J.Callis (2008).
Regulation of cullin RING ligases.
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18173839 S.Menon, T.Tsuge, N.Dohmae, K.Takio, and N.Wei (2008).
Association of SAP130/SF3b-3 with Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complexes and its regulation by the COP9 signalosome.
  BMC Biochem, 9, 1.  
18667692 S.Sonnberg, B.T.Seet, T.Pawson, S.B.Fleming, and A.A.Mercer (2008).
Poxvirus ankyrin repeat proteins are a unique class of F-box proteins that associate with cellular SCF1 ubiquitin ligase complexes.
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18698327 T.Ravid, and M.Hochstrasser (2008).
Diversity of degradation signals in the ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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18179693 W.Wu, A.Koike, T.Takeshita, and T.Ohta (2008).
The ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of BRCA1 and its biological functions.
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18372249 Y.Maeda, T.Suzuki, X.Pan, G.Chen, S.Pan, T.Bartman, and J.A.Whitsett (2008).
CUL2 is required for the activity of hypoxia-inducible factor and vasculogenesis.
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17786451 Z.Wang, G.Cao, X.Wang, J.Miao, X.Liu, Z.Chen, L.J.Qu, and H.Gu (2008).
Identification and characterization of COI1-dependent transcription factor genes involved in JA-mediated response to wounding in Arabidopsis plants.
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17919899 A.D.Capili, and C.D.Lima (2007).
Taking it step by step: mechanistic insights from structural studies of ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like protein modification pathways.
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17997974 A.N.Bullock, M.C.Rodriguez, J.E.Debreczeni, Z.Songyang, and S.Knapp (2007).
Structure of the SOCS4-ElonginB/C complex reveals a distinct SOCS box interface and the molecular basis for SOCS-dependent EGFR degradation.
  Structure, 15, 1493-1504.
PDB code: 2izv
17434132 B.Hao, S.Oehlmann, M.E.Sowa, J.W.Harper, and N.P.Pavletich (2007).
Structure of a Fbw7-Skp1-cyclin E complex: multisite-phosphorylated substrate recognition by SCF ubiquitin ligases.
  Mol Cell, 26, 131-143.
PDB codes: 2ovp 2ovq 2ovr
17477837 B.T.Dye, and B.A.Schulman (2007).
Structural mechanisms underlying posttranslational modification by ubiquitin-like proteins.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 36, 131-150.  
17371504 C.Mariller, M.Benaïssa, S.Hardivillé, M.Breton, G.Pradelle, J.Mazurier, and A.Pierce (2007).
Human delta-lactoferrin is a transcription factor that enhances Skp1 (S-phase kinase-associated protein) gene expression.
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17823919 C.Salon, E.Brambilla, C.Brambilla, S.Lantuejoul, S.Gazzeri, and B.Eymin (2007).
Altered pattern of Cul-1 protein expression and neddylation in human lung tumours: relationships with CAND1 and cyclin E protein levels.
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17471231 C.Salon, G.Merdzhanova, C.Brambilla, E.Brambilla, S.Gazzeri, and B.Eymin (2007).
E2F-1, Skp2 and cyclin E oncoproteins are upregulated and directly correlated in high-grade neuroendocrine lung tumors.
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17206147 E.Sakata, Y.Yamaguchi, Y.Miyauchi, K.Iwai, T.Chiba, Y.Saeki, N.Matsuda, K.Tanaka, and K.Kato (2007).
Direct interactions between NEDD8 and ubiquitin E2 conjugating enzymes upregulate cullin-based E3 ligase activity.
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17452445 G.D.Sagar, B.Gereben, I.Callebaut, J.P.Mornon, A.Zeöld, W.S.da Silva, C.Luongo, M.Dentice, S.M.Tente, B.C.Freitas, J.W.Harney, A.M.Zavacki, and A.C.Bianco (2007).
Ubiquitination-induced conformational change within the deiodinase dimer is a switch regulating enzyme activity.
  Mol Cell Biol, 27, 4774-4783.  
17470057 H.Kong, L.L.Landherr, M.W.Frohlich, J.Leebens-Mack, H.Ma, and C.W.dePamphilis (2007).
Patterns of gene duplication in the plant SKP1 gene family in angiosperms: evidence for multiple mechanisms of rapid gene birth.
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17339333 J.D.McEvoy, U.Kossatz, N.Malek, and J.D.Singer (2007).
Constitutive turnover of cyclin E by Cul3 maintains quiescence.
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17220873 J.F.Trempe, and J.A.Endicott (2007).
Structural biology: pass the protein.
  Nature, 445, 375-376.  
17079297 J.L.Woo, and A.J.Berk (2007).
Adenovirus ubiquitin-protein ligase stimulates viral late mRNA nuclear export.
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17951259 J.T.Huzil, R.Pannu, C.Ptak, G.Garen, and M.J.Ellison (2007).
Direct catalysis of lysine 48-linked polyubiquitin chains by the ubiquitin-activating enzyme.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 37454-37460.  
17660949 K.Chairatvit, and C.Ngamkitidechakul (2007).
Control of cell proliferation via elevated NEDD8 conjugation in oral squamous cell carcinoma.
  Mol Cell Biochem, 306, 163-169.  
17280619 L.A.Higa, and H.Zhang (2007).
Stealing the spotlight: CUL4-DDB1 ubiquitin ligase docks WD40-repeat proteins to destroy.
  Cell Div, 2, 5.  
18082611 M.D.Ohi, A.Feoktistova, L.Ren, C.Yip, Y.Cheng, J.S.Chen, H.J.Yoon, J.S.Wall, Z.Huang, P.A.Penczek, K.L.Gould, and T.Walz (2007).
Structural organization of the anaphase-promoting complex bound to the mitotic activator Slp1.
  Mol Cell, 28, 871-885.  
17097678 M.Sommerhalter, Y.Zhang, and A.C.Rosenzweig (2007).
Solution structure of the COMMD1 N-terminal domain.
  J Mol Biol, 365, 715-721.
PDB code: 2h2m
17170710 M.V.Poyurovsky, C.Priest, A.Kentsis, K.L.Borden, Z.Q.Pan, N.Pavletich, and C.Prives (2007).
The Mdm2 RING domain C-terminus is required for supramolecular assembly and ubiquitin ligase activity.
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17933515 P.Knipscheer, and T.K.Sixma (2007).
Protein-protein interactions regulate Ubl conjugation.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 17, 665-673.  
17327397 P.Mercier, M.J.Lewis, D.D.Hau, L.F.Saltibus, W.Xiao, and L.Spyracopoulos (2007).
Structure, interactions, and dynamics of the RING domain from human TRAF6.
  Protein Sci, 16, 602-614.
PDB code: 2jmd
17236139 P.S.Tarpey, F.L.Raymond, S.O'Meara, S.Edkins, J.Teague, A.Butler, E.Dicks, C.Stevens, C.Tofts, T.Avis, S.Barthorpe, G.Buck, J.Cole, K.Gray, K.Halliday, R.Harrison, K.Hills, A.Jenkinson, D.Jones, A.Menzies, T.Mironenko, J.Perry, K.Raine, D.Richardson, R.Shepherd, A.Small, J.Varian, S.West, S.Widaa, U.Mallya, J.Moon, Y.Luo, S.Holder, S.F.Smithson, J.A.Hurst, J.Clayton-Smith, B.Kerr, J.Boyle, M.Shaw, L.Vandeleur, J.Rodriguez, R.Slaugh, D.F.Easton, R.Wooster, M.Bobrow, A.K.Srivastava, R.E.Stevenson, C.E.Schwartz, G.Turner, J.Gecz, P.A.Futreal, M.R.Stratton, and M.Partington (2007).
Mutations in CUL4B, which encodes a ubiquitin E3 ligase subunit, cause an X-linked mental retardation syndrome associated with aggressive outbursts, seizures, relative macrocephaly, central obesity, hypogonadism, pes cavus, and tremor.
  Am J Hum Genet, 80, 345-352.  
17846172 Q.Gu, G.T.Bowden, D.Normolle, and Y.Sun (2007).
SAG/ROC2 E3 ligase regulates skin carcinogenesis by stage-dependent targeting of c-Jun/AP1 and IkappaB-alpha/NF-kappaB.
  J Cell Biol, 178, 1009-1023.  
17698585 S.Gazdoiu, K.Yamoah, K.Wu, and Z.Q.Pan (2007).
Human Cdc34 employs distinct sites to coordinate attachment of ubiquitin to a substrate and assembly of polyubiquitin chains.
  Mol Cell Biol, 27, 7041-7052.  
17403899 S.Luke-Glaser, M.Roy, B.Larsen, T.Le Bihan, P.Metalnikov, M.Tyers, M.Peter, and L.Pintard (2007).
CIF-1, a shared subunit of the COP9/signalosome and eukaryotic initiation factor 3 complexes, regulates MEL-26 levels in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo.
  Mol Cell Biol, 27, 4526-4540.  
17462724 S.M.Siepka, S.H.Yoo, J.Park, W.Song, V.Kumar, Y.Hu, C.Lee, and J.S.Takahashi (2007).
Circadian mutant Overtime reveals F-box protein FBXL3 regulation of cryptochrome and period gene expression.
  Cell, 129, 1011-1023.  
17242400 S.Shiraishi, C.Zhou, T.Aoki, N.Sato, T.Chiba, K.Tanaka, S.Yoshida, Y.Nabeshima, Y.Nabeshima, and T.A.Tamura (2007).
TBP-interacting protein 120B (TIP120B)/cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated 2 (CAND2) inhibits SCF-dependent ubiquitination of myogenin and accelerates myogenic differentiation.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 9017-9028.  
17409098 S.Xu, M.Abbasian, P.Patel, K.Jensen-Pergakes, C.R.Lombardo, B.E.Cathers, W.Xie, F.Mercurio, M.Pagano, D.Giegel, and S.Cox (2007).
Substrate recognition and ubiquitination of SCFSkp2/Cks1 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 15462-15470.  
18047746 T.Cardozo, and M.Pagano (2007).
Wrenches in the works: drug discovery targeting the SCF ubiquitin ligase and APC/C complexes.
  BMC Biochem, 8, S9.  
17389369 T.Mizushima, Y.Yoshida, T.Kumanomidou, Y.Hasegawa, A.Suzuki, T.Yamane, and K.Tanaka (2007).
Structural basis for the selection of glycosylated substrates by SCF(Fbs1) ubiquitin ligase.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 5777-5781.
PDB codes: 2e31 2e32 2e33
17098746 W.M.Abida, A.Nikolaev, W.Zhao, W.Zhang, and W.Gu (2007).
FBXO11 promotes the Neddylation of p53 and inhibits its transcriptional activity.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 1797-1804.  
17192413 W.Wimuttisuk, and J.D.Singer (2007).
The Cullin3 ubiquitin ligase functions as a Nedd8-bound heterodimer.
  Mol Biol Cell, 18, 899-909.  
17410169 X.Tan, L.I.Calderon-Villalobos, M.Sharon, C.Zheng, C.V.Robinson, M.Estelle, and N.Zheng (2007).
Mechanism of auxin perception by the TIR1 ubiquitin ligase.
  Nature, 446, 640-645.
PDB codes: 2p1m 2p1n 2p1o 2p1p 2p1q
17574027 X.Tang, S.Orlicky, Z.Lin, A.Willems, D.Neculai, D.Ceccarelli, F.Mercurio, B.H.Shilton, F.Sicheri, and M.Tyers (2007).
Suprafacial orientation of the SCFCdc4 dimer accommodates multiple geometries for substrate ubiquitination.
  Cell, 129, 1165-1176.
PDB codes: 2p63 2p64
  20103862 Y.Chen (2007).
The enzymes in ubiquitin-like post-translational modifications.
  Biosci Trends, 1, 16-25.  
17560331 Y.Liu, W.Chen, J.Gaudet, M.D.Cheney, L.Roudaia, T.Cierpicki, R.C.Klet, K.Hartman, T.M.Laue, N.A.Speck, and J.H.Bushweller (2007).
Structural basis for recognition of SMRT/N-CoR by the MYND domain and its contribution to AML1/ETO's activity.
  Cancer Cell, 11, 483-497.
PDB codes: 2od1 2odd
17433363 Z.M.Eletr, and B.Kuhlman (2007).
Sequence determinants of E2-E6AP binding affinity and specificity.
  J Mol Biol, 369, 419-428.  
16732283 A.A.Yunus, and C.D.Lima (2006).
Lysine activation and functional analysis of E2-mediated conjugation in the SUMO pathway.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 13, 491-499.
PDB codes: 2grn 2gro 2grp 2grq 2grr
16925951 A.Burger, Y.Amemiya, R.Kitching, and A.K.Seth (2006).
Novel RING E3 ubiquitin ligases in breast cancer.
  Neoplasia, 8, 689-695.  
16495217 A.Ercan, M.Panico, M.Sutton-Smith, A.Dell, H.R.Morris, K.L.Matta, D.F.Gay, and C.M.West (2006).
Molecular characterization of a novel UDP-galactose:fucoside alpha3-galactosyltransferase that modifies Skp1 in the cytoplasm of Dictyostelium.
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