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Structural protein PDB id
1kne
Jmol
Contents
Protein chain
52 a.a. *
Ligands
GLN-THR-ALA-ARG-
M3L-SER
Waters ×71
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1kne
Name: Structural protein
Title: Chromo domain of hp1 complexed with histone h3 tail containing trimethyllysine 9
Structure: Heterochromatin protein 1. Chain: a. Fragment: residues 17-76. Synonym: hp1, nonhistone chromosomal protein c1a9 antigen. Engineered: yes. Mutation: yes. Trimethylated histone h3. Chain: p. Fragment: residues 1-16.
Source: Drosophila melanogaster. Fruit fly. Organism_taxid: 7227. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562. Synthetic: yes. Other_details: synthetic peptide corresponding to residues 1-16 of histone h3. K9 trimethylated. P16y mutation
Biol. unit: Dimer (from PQS)
Resolution:
2.40Å     R-factor:   0.246     R-free:   0.267
Authors: S.A.Jacobs,S.Khorasanizadeh
Key ref:
S.A.Jacobs and S.Khorasanizadeh (2002). Structure of HP1 chromodomain bound to a lysine 9-methylated histone H3 tail. Science, 295, 2080-2083. PubMed id: 11859155 DOI: 10.1126/science.1069473
Date:
18-Dec-01     Release date:   20-Mar-02    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P05205  (HP1_DROME) -  Heterochromatin protein 1
Seq:
Struc: 		206 a.a.
52 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 1 residue position (black cross)

 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     nucleus   2 terms 
  Biological process     chromatin assembly or disassembly   1 term 
  Biochemical function     chromatin binding     1 term  

 

 
DOI no: 10.1126/science.1069473 Science 295:2080-2083 (2002)
PubMed id: 11859155  
 
 
Structure of HP1 chromodomain bound to a lysine 9-methylated histone H3 tail.
S.A.Jacobs, S.Khorasanizadeh.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The chromodomain of the HP1 family of proteins recognizes histone tails with specifically methylated lysines. Here, we present structural, energetic, and mutational analyses of the complex between the Drosophila HP1 chromodomain and the histone H3 tail with a methyllysine at residue 9, a modification associated with epigenetic silencing. The histone tail inserts as a beta strand, completing the beta-sandwich architecture of the chromodomain. The methylammonium group is caged by three aromatic side chains, whereas adjacent residues form discerning contacts with one face of the chromodomain. Comparison of dimethyl- and trimethyllysine-containing complexes suggests a role for cation-pi and van der Waals interactions, with trimethylation slightly improving the binding affinity.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 1.
Fig. 1. Structure of the Drosophila HP1 chromodomain in complex with MeK9 histone H3 peptide. The PDB accession codes are 1kna (with Me[2]K7 H3) and 1Kne (with Me[3]K7 H3). (A) Stereodiagram of the |F[o] - F[c]| "omit" map showing the electron density for the bound Me[2]K9 H3 peptide (magenta). The chromodomain is in blue. (B) Comparison of the chromodomain-H3 peptide complex (red) with the free chromodomain (black) (11) and the free chromo shadow domain (yellow) (20). 		Figure 2.
Fig. 2. Specific interactions between the chromodomain and MeK9 H3 tail. (A) Stereodiagram showing the Me[2]K9 (yellow) and Me[3]K9 (orange) H3 in complex with the chromodomain (blue and green, respectively). The van der Waals representation corresponds to the Me[3]K complex. (B) Backbone (left) and side-chain (right) interactions between Me[2]K9 H3 and chromodomain. (C) Binding of chromodomain mutants to Me[3]K9 H3 tail. (D) Binding of wild-type chromodomain to point mutants of Me[3]K9 H3 tail.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from the AAAs: Science (2002, 295, 2080-2083) copyright 2002.  
  Figures were selected by the author.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
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21472955 D.L.Mendez, D.Kim, M.Chruszcz, G.E.Stephens, W.Minor, S.Khorasanizadeh, and S.C.Elgin (2011).
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21243712 P.Voigt, and D.Reinberg (2011).
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20951770 R.A.Varier, and H.T.Timmers (2011).
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21419134 Y.Chang, J.R.Horton, M.T.Bedford, X.Zhang, and X.Cheng (2011).
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PDB codes: 3jpx 3jzg 3jzh 3jzn 3k26 3k27
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X chromosomal regulation in flies: when less is more.
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Histones: annotating chromatin.
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Heterochromatin protein 1 is extensively decorated with histone code-like post-translational modifications.
  Mol Cell Proteomics, 8, 2432-2442.  
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Multimerization and H3K9me3 binding are required for CDYL1b heterochromatin association.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 35049-35059.  
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Drosophila HP1c is regulated by an auto-regulatory feedback loop through its binding partner Woc.
  PLoS ONE, 4, e5089.  
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Structural studies of a four-MBT repeat protein MBTD1.
  PLoS One, 4, e7274.
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18985277 J.K.Kim, M.Samaranayake, and S.Pradhan (2009).
Epigenetic mechanisms in mammals.
  Cell Mol Life Sci, 66, 596-612.  
20177429 J.M.Gottesfeld, and M.Pandolfo (2009).
Development of histone deacetylase inhibitors as therapeutics for neurological disease.
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Plasmodium falciparum heterochromatin protein 1 binds to tri-methylated histone 3 lysine 9 and is linked to mutually exclusive expression of var genes.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 2596-2606.  
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Multiscale analysis of dynamics and interactions of heterochromatin protein 1 by fluorescence fluctuation microscopy.
  Biophys J, 97, 2876-2885.  
19442115 K.S.Champagne, and T.G.Kutateladze (2009).
Structural insight into histone recognition by the ING PHD fingers.
  Curr Drug Targets, 10, 432-441.  
19234526 M.A.Adams-Cioaba, and J.Min (2009).
Structure and function of histone methylation binding proteins.
  Biochem Cell Biol, 87, 93.  
19629038 M.Bühler, and S.M.Gasser (2009).
Silent chromatin at the middle and ends: lessons from yeasts.
  EMBO J, 28, 2149-2161.  
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Heterochromatin protein 1 is recruited to various types of DNA damage.
  J Cell Biol, 185, 577-586.  
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Chromatin dynamics during repair of chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks.
  Epigenomics, 1, 371-385.  
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The heterochromatin protein Swi6/HP1 activates replication origins at the pericentromeric region and silent mating-type locus.
  Nat Cell Biol, 11, 357-362.  
  19513271 O.Novikova (2009).
Chromodomains and LTR retrotransposons in plants.
  Commun Integr Biol, 2, 158-162.  
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Two new chromodomain-containing proteins that associate with heterochromatin in Sciara coprophila chromosomes.
  Chromosoma, 118, 361-376.  
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NMR assignments and histone specificity of the ING2 PHD finger.
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  19736624 R.Sanchez, and M.M.Zhou (2009).
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  Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel, 12, 659-665.  
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Protein modifications in transcription elongation.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1789, 26-36.  
19434754 T.Gao, R.E.Collins, J.R.Horton, X.Zhang, R.Zhang, A.Dhayalan, R.Tamas, A.Jeltsch, and X.Cheng (2009).
The ankyrin repeat domain of Huntingtin interacting protein 14 contains a surface aromatic cage, a potential site for methyl-lysine binding.
  Proteins, 76, 772-777.
PDB code: 3eu9
19706462 T.M.Spektor, and J.C.Rice (2009).
Identification and characterization of posttranslational modification-specific binding proteins in vivo by mammalian tethered catalysis.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 14808-14813.  
19322211 T.Neff, and S.A.Armstrong (2009).
Chromatin maps, histone modifications and leukemia.
  Leukemia, 23, 1243-1251.  
19367367 T.S.Kang, and R.M.Kini (2009).
Structural determinants of protein folding.
  Cell Mol Life Sci, 66, 2341-2361.  
19362535 T.Schalch, G.Job, V.J.Noffsinger, S.Shanker, C.Kuscu, L.Joshua-Tor, and J.F.Partridge (2009).
High-affinity binding of Chp1 chromodomain to K9 methylated histone H3 is required to establish centromeric heterochromatin.
  Mol Cell, 34, 36-46.
PDB code: 3g7l
19399177 V.Exner, E.Aichinger, H.Shu, T.Wildhaber, P.Alfarano, A.Caflisch, W.Gruissem, C.Köhler, and L.Hennig (2009).
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  PLoS ONE, 4, e5335.  
19233876 Y.Guo, N.Nady, C.Qi, A.Allali-Hassani, H.Zhu, P.Pan, M.A.Adams-Cioaba, M.F.Amaya, A.Dong, M.Vedadi, M.Schapira, R.J.Read, C.H.Arrowsmith, and J.Min (2009).
Methylation-state-specific recognition of histones by the MBT repeat protein L3MBTL2.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 2204-2210.
PDB codes: 3cey 3f70
19523169 Y.Hayashi, T.Senda, N.Sano, and M.Horikoshi (2009).
Theoretical framework for the histone modification network: modifications in the unstructured histone tails form a robust scale-free network.
  Genes Cells, 14, 789-806.  
19783983 Y.Sun, X.Jiang, Y.Xu, M.K.Ayrapetov, L.A.Moreau, J.R.Whetstine, and B.D.Price (2009).
Histone H3 methylation links DNA damage detection to activation of the tumour suppressor Tip60.
  Nat Cell Biol, 11, 1376-1382.  
19788305 Z.Lu, J.Lai, and Y.Zhang (2009).
Importance of charge independent effects in readout of the trimethyllysine mark by HP1 chromodomain.
  J Am Chem Soc, 131, 14928-14931.  
18984594 B.Sun, J.Hong, P.Zhang, X.Dong, X.Shen, D.Lin, and J.Ding (2008).
Molecular basis of the interaction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Eaf3 chromo domain with methylated H3K36.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 36504-36512.
PDB codes: 3e9f 3e9g
18406326 G.LeRoy, B.Rickards, and S.J.Flint (2008).
The double bromodomain proteins Brd2 and Brd3 couple histone acetylation to transcription.
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Structural insight into the recognition of the H3K4me3 mark by the TFIID subunit TAF3.
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18084306 J.Lee, J.R.Thompson, M.V.Botuyan, and G.Mer (2008).
Distinct binding modes specify the recognition of methylated histones H3K4 and H4K20 by JMJD2A-tudor.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 15, 109-111.
PDB codes: 2qqr 2qqs
18461044 J.Lukas, and J.Bartek (2008).
DNA damage: a histone-code mediator leaves the stage.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 15, 430-432.  
18468442 J.Zlatanova, C.Seebart, and M.Tomschik (2008).
The linker-protein network: control of nucleosomal DNA accessibility.
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Roles of the Clr4 methyltransferase complex in nucleation, spreading and maintenance of heterochromatin.
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18799576 M.C.Shun, Y.Botbol, X.Li, F.Di Nunzio, J.E.Daigle, N.Yan, J.Lieberman, M.Lavigne, and A.Engelman (2008).
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G9a and HP1 couple histone and DNA methylation to TNFalpha transcription silencing during endotoxin tolerance.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 32198-32208.  
18319736 M.M.Brent, and R.Marmorstein (2008).
Ankyrin for methylated lysines.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 15, 221-222.  
19111658 M.R.Motamedi, E.J.Hong, X.Li, S.Gerber, C.Denison, S.Gygi, and D.Moazed (2008).
HP1 proteins form distinct complexes and mediate heterochromatic gene silencing by nonoverlapping mechanisms.
  Mol Cell, 32, 778-790.  
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Balance between distinct HP1 family proteins controls heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast.
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HP1-beta mobilization promotes chromatin changes that initiate the DNA damage response.
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Histone H4 lysine 20 monomethylation promotes transcriptional repression by L3MBTL1.
  Oncogene, 27, 4293-4304.  
18538573 N.Nady, J.Min, M.S.Kareta, F.Chédin, and C.H.Arrowsmith (2008).
A SPOT on the chromatin landscape? Histone peptide arrays as a tool for epigenetic research.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 33, 305-313.  
18311969 P.Hu, S.Wang, and Y.Zhang (2008).
How do SET-domain protein lysine methyltransferases achieve the methylation state specificity? Revisited by Ab initio QM/MM molecular dynamics simulations.
  J Am Chem Soc, 130, 3806-3813.  
17967883 P.Karagianni, L.Amazit, J.Qin, and J.Wong (2008).
ICBP90, a novel methyl K9 H3 binding protein linking protein ubiquitination with heterochromatin formation.
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18438403 P.Rathert, A.Dhayalan, M.Murakami, X.Zhang, R.Tamas, R.Jurkowska, Y.Komatsu, Y.Shinkai, X.Cheng, and A.Jeltsch (2008).
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Understanding the molecular machinery of genetics through 3D structures.
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18450745 W.Fischle, H.Franz, S.A.Jacobs, C.D.Allis, and S.Khorasanizadeh (2008).
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18256242 X.Gao, Y.Hou, H.Ebina, H.L.Levin, and D.F.Voytas (2008).
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17218268 A.J.Ruthenburg, C.D.Allis, and J.Wysocka (2007).
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18020713 A.M.Johansson, P.Stenberg, F.Pettersson, and J.Larsson (2007).
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17938208 C.C.Yuan, X.Zhao, L.Florens, S.K.Swanson, M.P.Washburn, and N.Hernandez (2007).
CHD8 associates with human Staf and contributes to efficient U6 RNA polymerase III transcription.
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Structural and functional analyses of methyl-lysine binding by the malignant brain tumour repeat protein Sex comb on midleg.
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PDB codes: 2r57 2r58 2r5a 2r5m
17205308 E.Bártová, J.Pacherník, A.Kozubík, and S.Kozubek (2007).
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PDB code: 2puy
17542647 F.Turck, F.Roudier, S.Farrona, M.L.Martin-Magniette, E.Guillaume, N.Buisine, S.Gagnot, R.A.Martienssen, G.Coupland, and V.Colot (2007).
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Structural basis for lower lysine methylation state-specific readout by MBT repeats of L3MBTL1 and an engineered PHD finger.
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PDB codes: 2rhi 2rhu 2rhx 2rhy 2rhz 2ri2 2ri3 2ri5 2ri7
17643377 J.Dai, W.Xie, T.L.Brady, J.Gao, and D.F.Voytas (2007).
Phosphorylation regulates integration of the yeast Ty5 retrotransposon into heterochromatin.
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17589523 J.F.Couture, E.Collazo, P.A.Ortiz-Tello, J.S.Brunzelle, and R.C.Trievel (2007).
Specificity and mechanism of JMJD2A, a trimethyllysine-specific histone demethylase.
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PDB codes: 2q8c 2q8d 2q8e
17620012 J.M.Holaska, and K.L.Wilson (2007).
An emerin "proteome": purification of distinct emerin-containing complexes from HeLa cells suggests molecular basis for diverse roles including gene regulation, mRNA splicing, signaling, mechanosensing, and nuclear architecture.
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18026117 J.Min, A.Allali-Hassani, N.Nady, C.Qi, H.Ouyang, Y.Liu, F.MacKenzie, M.Vedadi, and C.H.Arrowsmith (2007).
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PDB codes: 2pqw 2rjc 2rjd 2rje 2rjf
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Histone acetyltransferase complexes: one size doesn't fit all.
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The multifunctional human p100 protein 'hooks' methylated ligands.
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The plant homeodomain finger of RAG2 recognizes histone H3 methylated at both lysine-4 and arginine-2.
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PDB codes: 2v83 2v85 2v86 2v87 2v88
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A mixed-alpha,beta miniprotein stereochemically reprogrammed to high-binding affinity for acetylcholine.
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Structural basis of the recognition of a methylated histone tail by JMJD2A.
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PDB codes: 2p5b 2pxj
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Histone H3 recognition and presentation by the WDR5 module of the MLL1 complex.
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PDB codes: 2cnx 2co0 2h68 2h6k 2h6n 2h6q
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Is histone loss a common feature of DNA metabolism regulation?
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PDB codes: 2gnq 2h9l 2h9m 2h9n 2h9o 2h9p 2o9k
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Chromatin modifications by methylation and ubiquitination: implications in the regulation of gene expression.
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Reading protein modifications with interaction domains.
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16537902 E.Bernstein, E.M.Duncan, O.Masui, J.Gil, E.Heard, and C.D.Allis (2006).
Mouse polycomb proteins bind differentially to methylated histone H3 and RNA and are enriched in facultative heterochromatin.
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17224041 G.Lomberk, L.Wallrath, and R.Urrutia (2006).
The Heterochromatin Protein 1 family.
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Molecular basis for site-specific read-out of histone H3K4me3 by the BPTF PHD finger of NURF.
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PDB codes: 2f6j 2f6n 2fsa 2fui 2fuu
16503129 J.C.Eissenberg, and A.Shilatifard (2006).
Leaving a mark: the many footprints of the elongating RNA polymerase II.
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16501555 J.C.Eissenberg, and S.C.Elgin (2006).
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16829960 J.F.Couture, E.Collazo, and R.C.Trievel (2006).
Molecular recognition of histone H3 by the WD40 protein WDR5.
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PDB codes: 2h13 2h14
16412250 J.Perry (2006).
The Epc-N domain: a predicted protein-protein interaction domain found in select chromatin associated proteins.
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16506092 K.Luger (2006).
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PHinDing a new histone "effector" domain.
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Structural basis for the methylation state-specific recognition of histone H4-K20 by 53BP1 and Crb2 in DNA repair.
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PDB codes: 2fhd 2g3r 2ig0
16728977 P.V.Peña, F.Davrazou, X.Shi, K.L.Walter, V.V.Verkhusha, O.Gozani, R.Zhao, and T.G.Kutateladze (2006).
Molecular mechanism of histone H3K4me3 recognition by plant homeodomain of ING2.
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PDB code: 2g6q
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Structure of human MRG15 chromo domain and its binding to Lys36-methylated histone H3.
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PDB code: 2f5k
16732292 R.J.Klose, K.Yamane, Y.Bae, D.Zhang, H.Erdjument-Bromage, P.Tempst, J.Wong, and Y.Zhang (2006).
The transcriptional repressor JHDM3A demethylates trimethyl histone H3 lysine 9 and lysine 36.
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16506096 S.A.Grigoryev, Y.A.Bulynko, and E.Y.Popova (2006).
The end adjusts the means: heterochromatin remodelling during terminal cell differentiation.
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17114575 S.Sung, R.J.Schmitz, and R.M.Amasino (2006).
A PHD finger protein involved in both the vernalization and photoperiod pathways in Arabidopsis.
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16618800 T.Klymenko, B.Papp, W.Fischle, T.Köcher, M.Schelder, C.Fritsch, B.Wild, M.Wilm, and J.Müller (2006).
A Polycomb group protein complex with sequence-specific DNA-binding and selective methyl-lysine-binding activities.
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It takes a PHD to interpret histone methylation.
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Structural basis for the specific recognition of methylated histone H3 lysine 4 by the WD-40 protein WDR5.
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PDB codes: 2g99 2g9a
15704177 D.E.Cryderman, S.K.Grade, Y.Li, L.Fanti, S.Pimpinelli, and L.L.Wallrath (2005).
Role of Drosophila HP1 in euchromatic gene expression.
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Positive selection drives the evolution of rhino, a member of the heterochromatin protein 1 family in Drosophila.
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16227571 E.R.Smith, C.Cayrou, R.Huang, W.S.Lane, J.Côté, and J.C.Lucchesi (2005).
A human protein complex homologous to the Drosophila MSL complex is responsible for the majority of histone H4 acetylation at lysine 16.
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16109969 E.de Wit, F.Greil, and B.van Steensel (2005).
Genome-wide HP1 binding in Drosophila: developmental plasticity and genomic targeting signals.
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15684392 F.B.Berry, M.A.O'Neill, M.Coca-Prados, and M.A.Walter (2005).
FOXC1 transcriptional regulatory activity is impaired by PBX1 in a filamin A-mediated manner.
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16080151 H.Chen, and H.X.Zhou (2005).
Prediction of interface residues in protein-protein complexes by a consensus neural network method: test against NMR data.
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Molecular biology: antagonizing the neighbours.
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Double chromodomains cooperate to recognize the methylated histone H3 tail.
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PDB codes: 2b2t 2b2u 2b2v 2b2w 2b2y
15952226 K.Schärer, M.Morgenthaler, R.Paulini, U.Obst-Sander, D.W.Banner, D.Schlatter, J.Benz, M.Stihle, and F.Diederich (2005).
Quantification of cation-pi interactions in protein-ligand complexes: crystal-structure analysis of Factor Xa bound to a quaternary ammonium ion ligand.
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PDB code: 2bok
16286008 M.C.Keogh, S.K.Kurdistani, S.A.Morris, S.H.Ahn, V.Podolny, S.R.Collins, M.Schuldiner, K.Chin, T.Punna, N.J.Thompson, C.Boone, A.Emili, J.S.Weissman, T.R.Hughes, B.D.Strahl, M.Grunstein, J.F.Greenblatt, S.Buratowski, and N.J.Krogan (2005).
Cotranscriptional set2 methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 recruits a repressive Rpd3 complex.
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15767660 M.D.Stewart, J.Li, and J.Wong (2005).
Relationship between histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, transcription repression, and heterochromatin protein 1 recruitment.
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15647753 M.G.Pray-Grant, J.A.Daniel, D.Schieltz, J.R.Yates, and P.A.Grant (2005).
Chd1 chromodomain links histone H3 methylation with SAGA- and SLIK-dependent acetylation.
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16244868 M.Libault, F.Tessadori, S.Germann, B.Snijder, P.Fransz, and V.Gaudin (2005).
The Arabidopsis LHP1 protein is a component of euchromatin.
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16246723 N.Macdonald, J.P.Welburn, M.E.Noble, A.Nguyen, M.B.Yaffe, D.Clynes, J.G.Moggs, G.Orphanides, S.Thomson, J.W.Edmunds, A.L.Clayton, J.A.Endicott, and L.C.Mahadevan (2005).
Molecular basis for the recognition of phosphorylated and phosphoacetylated histone h3 by 14-3-3.
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PDB codes: 2c1j 2c1n
15689505 N.Nameki, N.Tochio, S.Koshiba, M.Inoue, T.Yabuki, M.Aoki, E.Seki, T.Matsuda, Y.Fujikura, M.Saito, M.Ikari, M.Watanabe, T.Terada, M.Shirouzu, M.Yoshida, H.Hirota, A.Tanaka, Y.Hayashizaki, P.Güntert, T.Kigawa, and S.Yokoyama (2005).
Solution structure of the PWWP domain of the hepatoma-derived growth factor family.
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PDB code: 1n27
15899859 P.J.Verschure, I.van der Kraan, W.de Leeuw, J.van der Vlag, A.E.Carpenter, A.S.Belmont, and R.van Driel (2005).
In vivo HP1 targeting causes large-scale chromatin condensation and enhanced histone lysine methylation.
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15959555 P.O.Hassa, and M.O.Hottiger (2005).
An epigenetic code for DNA damage repair pathways?
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In vitro and in vivo analyses of a Phe/Tyr switch controlling product specificity of histone lysine methyltransferases.
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Human but not yeast CHD1 binds directly and selectively to histone H3 methylated at lysine 4 via its tandem chromodomains.
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The key to development: interpreting the histone code?
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15862105 S.Sung, and R.M.Amasino (2005).
Remembering winter: toward a molecular understanding of vernalization.
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Regulation of HP1-chromatin binding by histone H3 methylation and phosphorylation.
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15964809 W.Selleck, I.Fortin, D.Sermwittayawong, J.Côté, and S.Tan (2005).
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Piccolo NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complex requires the Enhancer of Polycomb A domain and chromodomain to acetylate nucleosomes.
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15666348 X.de la Cruz, S.Lois, S.Sánchez-Molina, and M.A.Martínez-Balbás (2005).
Do protein motifs read the histone code?
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14745831 A.Brehm, K.R.Tufteland, R.Aasland, and P.B.Becker (2004).
The many colours of chromodomains.
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15457214 A.M.Lindroth, D.Shultis, Z.Jasencakova, J.Fuchs, L.Johnson, D.Schubert, D.Patnaik, S.Pradhan, J.Goodrich, I.Schubert, T.Jenuwein, S.Khorasanizadeh, and S.E.Jacobsen (2004).
Dual histone H3 methylation marks at lysines 9 and 27 required for interaction with CHROMOMETHYLASE3.
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14765118 A.Thiru, D.Nietlispach, H.R.Mott, M.Okuwaki, D.Lyon, P.R.Nielsen, M.Hirshberg, A.Verreault, N.V.Murzina, and E.D.Laue (2004).
Structural basis of HP1/PXVXL motif peptide interactions and HP1 localisation to heterochromatin.
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PDB code: 1s4z
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Tethering of HP1 proteins to chromatin is relieved by phosphoacetylation of histone H3.
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HP1 and the dynamics of heterochromatin maintenance.
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GTP/GDP exchange by Sec12p enables COPII vesicle bud formation on synthetic liposomes.
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Histone modification in constitutive heterochromatin versus unexpressed euchromatin in human cells.
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