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Contents |
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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class 1:
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E.C.2.8.1.7
- Cysteine desulfurase.
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Reaction:
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L-cysteine + acceptor = L-alanine + S-sulfanyl-acceptor
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L-cysteine
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+
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acceptor
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=
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L-alanine
Bound ligand (Het Group name = )
matches with 71.43% similarity
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+
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S-sulfanyl-acceptor
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Cofactor:
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Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
Bound ligand (Het Group name =
PLP)
matches with 93.75% similarity
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Enzyme class 2:
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E.C.4.4.1.16
- Selenocysteine lyase.
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Reaction:
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L-selenocysteine + reduced acceptor = selenide + L-alanine + acceptor
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L-selenocysteine
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+
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reduced acceptor
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=
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selenide
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+
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L-alanine
Bound ligand (Het Group name = )
matches with 71.43% similarity
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+
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acceptor
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Cofactor:
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Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
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Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate
Bound ligand (Het Group name =
PLP)
matches with 93.75% similarity
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Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may
correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein
precursors, to a different mature protein.
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation
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Cellular component
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cytoplasm
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1 term
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Biological process
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metabolic process
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2 terms
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Biochemical function
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catalytic activity
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6 terms
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DOI no:
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Cell
108:345-356
(2002)
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PubMed id:
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Structural basis for E2-mediated SUMO conjugation revealed by a complex between ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc9 and RanGAP1.
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V.Bernier-Villamor,
D.A.Sampson,
M.J.Matunis,
C.D.Lima.
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ABSTRACT
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E2 enzymes catalyze attachment of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins to
lysine residues directly or through E3-mediated reactions. The small
ubiquitin-like modifier SUMO regulates nuclear transport, stress response, and
signal transduction in eukaryotes and is essential for cell-cycle progression in
yeast. In contrast to most ubiquitin conjugation, the SUMO E2 enzyme Ubc9 is
sufficient for substrate recognition and lysine modification of known SUMO
targets. Crystallographic analysis of a complex between mammalian Ubc9 and a
C-terminal domain of RanGAP1 at 2.5 A reveals structural determinants for
recognition of consensus SUMO modification sequences found within
SUMO-conjugated proteins. Structure-based mutagenesis and biochemical analysis
of Ubc9 and RanGAP1 reveal distinct motifs required for substrate binding and
SUMO modification of p53, IkappaBalpha, and RanGAP1.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 3.
Figure 3. Ribbon and Stereo Diagrams for Ubc9-RanGAP1.(A
and B) Orthogonal ribbon representations with helices lettered
and strands numbered, as in Figure 2. Ubc9 Cys93 and RanGAP1
Leu525, Lys526, and Glu528 are in solid bonds. N and C termini
are denoted in italics.(C) Stereo image of the complex, as in
(A).
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Figure 5.
Figure 5. Models for Ubc9 Surfaces Utilized in Substrate,
SUMO, E2, and E3 Binding(A) Surface and bond representations for
Ubc9 and the RanGAP1 SUMO tetrapeptide motif, respectively. Ubc9
Asp127 (red), Cys93 (green), and Tyr87 (pink) are indicated on
the Ubc9 surface. The location of the channel discussed in the
text is indicated by a yellow arrow.(B) Orthogonal view of (A).
RanGAP1 Lys526 Nε atom is visible beyond the yellow
arrow.(C–E) Orthogonal Ubc9 surface representations in complex
with RanGAP1, Mms2, E6AP, and Cbl. The RanGAP1 SUMO motif is
represented by solid bonds, RanGAP1(420–589)p as a red worm,
the Cbl ring finger as a light blue worm, the E6AP Hect domain
as a dark blue worm, and Mms2 as a green worm. Surface area
buried in respective complexes is shown as a red surface
(RanGAP1), a green surface (Mms2), and a blue surface (E6AP and
Cbl, combined). E2s from each complex were aligned to Ubc9 by
least-squares minimization on Cα atoms. Figure 5 and Figure 7
were prepared with GRASP (Nicholls et al., 1991).
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The above figures are
reprinted
by permission from Cell Press:
Cell
(2002,
108,
345-356)
copyright 2002.
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Figures were
selected
by an automated process.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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M.Grünwald,
and
F.Bono
(2011).
Structure of Importin13-Ubc9 complex: nuclear import and release of a key regulator of sumoylation.
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| |
EMBO J, 30,
427-438.
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PDB code:
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C.Oberle,
and
C.Blattner
(2010).
Regulation of the DNA Damage Response to DSBs by Post-Translational Modifications.
|
| |
Curr Genomics, 11,
184-198.
|
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|
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|
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D.Ythier,
D.Larrieu,
R.Binet,
O.Binda,
C.Brambilla,
S.Gazzeri,
and
R.Pedeux
(2010).
Sumoylation of ING2 regulates the transcription mediated by Sin3A.
|
| |
Oncogene, 29,
5946-5956.
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|
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G.Brahemi,
A.M.Burger,
A.D.Westwell,
and
A.Brancale
(2010).
Homology Modelling of Human E1 Ubiquitin Activating Enzyme.
|
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Lett Drug Des Discov, 7,
57-62.
|
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H.Ryu,
M.Furuta,
D.Kirkpatrick,
S.P.Gygi,
and
Y.Azuma
(2010).
PIASy-dependent SUMOylation regulates DNA topoisomerase IIalpha activity.
|
| |
J Cell Biol, 191,
783-794.
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I.Matic,
J.Schimmel,
I.A.Hendriks,
M.A.van Santen,
F.van de Rijke,
H.van Dam,
F.Gnad,
M.Mann,
and
A.C.Vertegaal
(2010).
Site-specific identification of SUMO-2 targets in cells reveals an inverted SUMOylation motif and a hydrophobic cluster SUMOylation motif.
|
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Mol Cell, 39,
641-652.
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J.C.Merrill,
T.A.Melhuish,
M.H.Kagey,
S.H.Yang,
A.D.Sharrocks,
and
D.Wotton
(2010).
A role for non-covalent SUMO interaction motifs in Pc2/CBX4 E3 activity.
|
| |
PLoS One, 5,
e8794.
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J.R.Gareau,
and
C.D.Lima
(2010).
The SUMO pathway: emerging mechanisms that shape specificity, conjugation and recognition.
|
| |
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 11,
861-871.
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J.S.Rougier,
M.Albesa,
and
H.Abriel
(2010).
Ubiquitylation and SUMOylation of cardiac ion channels.
|
| |
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 56,
22-28.
|
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|
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J.Wang,
A.M.Taherbhoy,
H.W.Hunt,
S.N.Seyedin,
D.W.Miller,
D.J.Miller,
D.T.Huang,
and
B.A.Schulman
(2010).
Crystal structure of UBA2(ufd)-Ubc9: insights into E1-E2 interactions in Sumo pathways.
|
| |
PLoS One, 5,
e15805.
|
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|
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|
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L.Lu,
X.H.Shi,
S.J.Li,
Z.Q.Xie,
Y.L.Feng,
W.C.Lu,
Y.X.Li,
H.Li,
and
Y.D.Cai
(2010).
Protein sumoylation sites prediction based on two-stage feature selection.
|
| |
Mol Divers, 14,
81-86.
|
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|
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|
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M.C.Rodrigo-Brenni,
S.A.Foster,
and
D.O.Morgan
(2010).
Catalysis of lysine 48-specific ubiquitin chain assembly by residues in E2 and ubiquitin.
|
| |
Mol Cell, 39,
548-559.
|
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|
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M.Sadowski,
and
B.Sarcevic
(2010).
Mechanisms of mono- and poly-ubiquitination: Ubiquitination specificity depends on compatibility between the E2 catalytic core and amino acid residues proximal to the lysine.
|
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Cell Div, 5,
19.
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M.Sadowski,
R.Suryadinata,
X.Lai,
J.Heierhorst,
and
B.Sarcevic
(2010).
Molecular basis for lysine specificity in the yeast ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Cdc34.
|
| |
Mol Cell Biol, 30,
2316-2329.
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M.TozluoÄŸlu,
E.Karaca,
R.Nussinov,
and
T.HaliloÄŸlu
(2010).
A mechanistic view of the role of E3 in sumoylation.
|
| |
PLoS Comput Biol, 6,
0.
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N.Elrouby,
and
G.Coupland
(2010).
Proteome-wide screens for small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) substrates identify Arabidopsis proteins implicated in diverse biological processes.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107,
17415-17420.
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Y.C.Shin,
B.Y.Liu,
J.Y.Tsai,
J.T.Wu,
L.K.Chang,
and
S.C.Chang
(2010).
Biochemical characterization of the small ubiquitin-like modifiers of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
|
| |
Planta, 232,
649-662.
|
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|
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|
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Y.Wang,
F.Lin,
and
Z.H.Qin
(2010).
The role of post-translational modifications of huntingtin in the pathogenesis of Huntington's disease.
|
| |
Neurosci Bull, 26,
153-162.
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|
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A.A.Yunus,
and
C.D.Lima
(2009).
Purification of SUMO conjugating enzymes and kinetic analysis of substrate conjugation.
|
| |
Methods Mol Biol, 497,
167-186.
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|
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A.A.Yunus,
and
C.D.Lima
(2009).
Structure of the Siz/PIAS SUMO E3 ligase Siz1 and determinants required for SUMO modification of PCNA.
|
| |
Mol Cell, 35,
669-682.
|
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|
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A.Romanenko,
A.Kakehashi,
K.Morimura,
H.Wanibuchi,
M.Wei,
A.Vozianov,
and
S.Fukushima
(2009).
Urinary bladder carcinogenesis induced by chronic exposure to persistent low-dose ionizing radiation after Chernobyl accident.
|
| |
Carcinogenesis, 30,
1821-1831.
|
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|
|
|
|
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C.Figueroa-Romero,
J.A.Iñiguez-Lluhí,
J.Stadler,
C.R.Chang,
D.Arnoult,
P.J.Keller,
Y.Hong,
C.Blackstone,
and
E.L.Feldman
(2009).
SUMOylation of the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 occurs at multiple nonconsensus sites within the B domain and is linked to its activity cycle.
|
| |
FASEB J, 23,
3917-3927.
|
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|
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|
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C.S.Seu,
and
Y.Chen
(2009).
Identification of SUMO-binding motifs by NMR.
|
| |
Methods Mol Biol, 497,
121-138.
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|
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|
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D.Reverter,
and
C.D.Lima
(2009).
Preparation of SUMO proteases and kinetic analysis using endogenous substrates.
|
| |
Methods Mol Biol, 497,
225-239.
|
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|
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|
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F.Mohideen,
A.D.Capili,
P.M.Bilimoria,
T.Yamada,
A.Bonni,
and
C.D.Lima
(2009).
A molecular basis for phosphorylation-dependent SUMO conjugation by the E2 UBC9.
|
| |
Nat Struct Mol Biol, 16,
945-952.
|
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|
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|
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H.A.Blomster,
V.Hietakangas,
J.Wu,
P.Kouvonen,
S.Hautaniemi,
and
L.Sistonen
(2009).
Novel proteomics strategy brings insight into the prevalence of SUMO-2 target sites.
|
| |
Mol Cell Proteomics, 8,
1382-1390.
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H.B.Kamadurai,
J.Souphron,
D.C.Scott,
D.M.Duda,
D.J.Miller,
D.Stringer,
R.C.Piper,
and
B.A.Schulman
(2009).
Insights into ubiquitin transfer cascades from a structure of a UbcH5B approximately ubiquitin-HECT(NEDD4L) complex.
|
| |
Mol Cell, 36,
1095-1102.
|
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|
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|
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H.H.Hsiao,
E.Meulmeester,
B.T.Frank,
F.Melchior,
and
H.Urlaub
(2009).
"ChopNSpice," a mass spectrometric approach that allows identification of endogenous small ubiquitin-like modifier-conjugated peptides.
|
| |
Mol Cell Proteomics, 8,
2664-2675.
|
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M.Mo,
S.B.Fleming,
and
A.A.Mercer
(2009).
Cell cycle deregulation by a poxvirus partial mimic of anaphase-promoting complex subunit 11.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106,
19527-19532.
|
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|
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|
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S.Zhu,
J.Goeres,
K.M.Sixt,
M.Békés,
X.D.Zhang,
G.S.Salvesen,
and
M.J.Matunis
(2009).
Protection from isopeptidase-mediated deconjugation regulates paralog-selective sumoylation of RanGAP1.
|
| |
Mol Cell, 33,
570-580.
|
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|
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|
|
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T.Jadhav,
and
M.W.Wooten
(2009).
Defining an Embedded Code for Protein Ubiquitination.
|
| |
J Proteomics Bioinform, 2,
316.
|
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|
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|
|
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Y.Wang,
and
M.Dasso
(2009).
SUMOylation and deSUMOylation at a glance.
|
| |
J Cell Sci, 122,
4249-4252.
|
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|
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Z.Xu,
H.Y.Chan,
W.L.Lam,
K.H.Lam,
L.S.Lam,
T.B.Ng,
and
S.W.Au
(2009).
SUMO proteases: redox regulation and biological consequences.
|
| |
Antioxid Redox Signal, 11,
1453-1484.
|
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|
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|
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B.Palancade,
and
V.Doye
(2008).
Sumoylating and desumoylating enzymes at nuclear pores: underpinning their unexpected duties?
|
| |
Trends Cell Biol, 18,
174-183.
|
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|
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|
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E.M.Riising,
R.Boggio,
S.Chiocca,
K.Helin,
and
D.Pasini
(2008).
The polycomb repressive complex 2 is a potential target of SUMO modifications.
|
| |
PLoS ONE, 3,
e2704.
|
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|
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|
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E.Meulmeester,
M.Kunze,
H.H.Hsiao,
H.Urlaub,
and
F.Melchior
(2008).
Mechanism and consequences for paralog-specific sumoylation of ubiquitin-specific protease 25.
|
| |
Mol Cell, 30,
610-619.
|
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|
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|
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H.Ullah,
E.L.Scappini,
A.F.Moon,
L.V.Williams,
D.L.Armstrong,
and
L.C.Pedersen
(2008).
Structure of a signal transduction regulator, RACK1, from Arabidopsis thaliana.
|
| |
Protein Sci, 17,
1771-1780.
|
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PDB code:
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|
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H.Windecker,
and
H.D.Ulrich
(2008).
Architecture and assembly of poly-SUMO chains on PCNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
|
| |
J Mol Biol, 376,
221-231.
|
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|
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|
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J.L.Knight,
Z.Zhou,
E.Gallicchio,
D.M.Himmel,
R.A.Friesner,
E.Arnold,
and
R.M.Levy
(2008).
Exploring structural variability in X-ray crystallographic models using protein local optimization by torsion-angle sampling.
|
| |
Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 64,
383-396.
|
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|
|
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|
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J.Zhu,
S.Zhu,
C.M.Guzzo,
N.A.Ellis,
K.S.Sung,
C.Y.Choi,
and
M.J.Matunis
(2008).
Small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) binding determines substrate recognition and paralog-selective SUMO modification.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 283,
29405-29415.
|
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|
|
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|
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P.Knipscheer,
A.Flotho,
H.Klug,
J.V.Olsen,
W.J.van Dijk,
A.Fish,
E.S.Johnson,
M.Mann,
T.K.Sixma,
and
A.Pichler
(2008).
Ubc9 sumoylation regulates SUMO target discrimination.
|
| |
Mol Cell, 31,
371-382.
|
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|
PDB code:
|
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|
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S.R.Holmstrom,
S.Chupreta,
A.Y.So,
and
J.A.Iñiguez-Lluhí
(2008).
SUMO-mediated inhibition of glucocorticoid receptor synergistic activity depends on stable assembly at the promoter but not on DAXX.
|
| |
Mol Endocrinol, 22,
2061-2075.
|
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|
|
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|
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Y.Wang,
I.Ladunga,
A.R.Miller,
K.M.Horken,
T.Plucinak,
D.P.Weeks,
and
C.P.Bailey
(2008).
The small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and SUMO-conjugating system of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
|
| |
Genetics, 179,
177-192.
|
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|
|
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|
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Z.Tang,
C.M.Hecker,
A.Scheschonka,
and
H.Betz
(2008).
Protein interactions in the sumoylation cascade: lessons from X-ray structures.
|
| |
FEBS J, 275,
3003-3015.
|
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|
|
|
|
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A.D.Capili,
and
C.D.Lima
(2007).
Structure and analysis of a complex between SUMO and Ubc9 illustrates features of a conserved E2-Ubl interaction.
|
| |
J Mol Biol, 369,
608-618.
|
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|
PDB code:
|
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|
|
|
|
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A.D.Capili,
and
C.D.Lima
(2007).
Taking it step by step: mechanistic insights from structural studies of ubiquitin/ubiquitin-like protein modification pathways.
|
| |
Curr Opin Struct Biol, 17,
726-735.
|
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|
|
|
|
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A.Heifetz,
S.Pal,
and
G.R.Smith
(2007).
Protein-protein docking: progress in CAPRI rounds 6-12 using a combination of methods: the introduction of steered solvated molecular dynamics.
|
| |
Proteins, 69,
816-822.
|
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|
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|
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B.P.Somesh,
S.Sigurdsson,
H.Saeki,
H.Erdjument-Bromage,
P.Tempst,
and
J.Q.Svejstrup
(2007).
Communication between distant sites in RNA polymerase II through ubiquitylation factors and the polymerase CTD.
|
| |
Cell, 129,
57-68.
|
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|
|
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|
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C.C.Chou,
C.Chang,
J.H.Liu,
L.F.Chen,
C.D.Hsiao,
and
H.Chen
(2007).
Small ubiquitin-like modifier modification regulates the DNA binding activity of glial cell missing Drosophila homolog a.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 282,
27239-27249.
|
 |
|
|
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|
 |
C.F.Woeller,
D.D.Anderson,
D.M.Szebenyi,
and
P.J.Stover
(2007).
Evidence for small ubiquitin-like modifier-dependent nuclear import of the thymidylate biosynthesis pathway.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 282,
17623-17631.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
D.M.Duda,
R.C.van Waardenburg,
L.A.Borg,
S.McGarity,
A.Nourse,
M.B.Waddell,
M.A.Bjornsti,
and
B.A.Schulman
(2007).
Structure of a SUMO-binding-motif mimic bound to Smt3p-Ubc9p: conservation of a non-covalent ubiquitin-like protein-E2 complex as a platform for selective interactions within a SUMO pathway.
|
| |
J Mol Biol, 369,
619-630.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
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|
|
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|
 |
H.Yi,
J.L.Friedman,
and
P.A.Ferreira
(2007).
The cyclophilin-like domain of Ran-binding protein-2 modulates selectively the activity of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and protein biogenesis.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 282,
34770-34778.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
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J.L.Spidel,
C.B.Wilson,
R.C.Craven,
and
J.W.Wills
(2007).
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PDB codes:
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L.Song,
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PDB code:
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PDB codes:
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C.B.Gocke,
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PDB code:
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PDB code:
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Proteins, 61,
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PDB code:
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Sumoylation silences the plasma membrane leak K+ channel K2P1.
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Cell, 121,
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J Biol Chem, 279,
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PDB code:
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D.Reverter,
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PDB codes:
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D.T.Huang,
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PDB code:
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D.W.Girdwood,
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and
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Sumoylation of Smad4, the common Smad mediator of transforming growth factor-beta family signaling.
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J Biol Chem, 278,
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P.Y.Wu,
M.Hanlon,
M.Eddins,
C.Tsui,
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J.P.Jensen,
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A conserved catalytic residue in the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family.
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EMBO J, 22,
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R.S.Rogers,
C.M.Horvath,
and
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SUMO modification of STAT1 and its role in PIAS-mediated inhibition of gene activation.
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J Biol Chem, 278,
30091-30097.
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T.J.Siepmann,
R.N.Bohnsack,
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Protein interactions within the N-end rule ubiquitin ligation pathway.
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J Biol Chem, 278,
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Y.Hirano,
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Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins are negatively regulated through SUMO-1 modification independent of the ubiquitin/26 S proteasome pathway.
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J Biol Chem, 278,
16809-16819.
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A.P.VanDemark,
and
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SUMO wrestling with specificity.
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Structure, 10,
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C.D.Lima
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Bridging the gap between SCF and ubiquitin transfer.
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Structure, 10,
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C.Hoege,
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RAD6-dependent DNA repair is linked to modification of PCNA by ubiquitin and SUMO.
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Nature, 419,
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Enzymes of the SUMO modification pathway localize to filaments of the nuclear pore complex.
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Mol Cell Biol, 22,
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Transcription factor AP-2 interacts with the SUMO-conjugating enzyme UBC9 and is sumolated in vivo.
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J Biol Chem, 277,
30798-30804.
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Identification of a multifunctional binding site on Ubc9p required for Smt3p conjugation.
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Mol Cell, 9,
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Implication of the lymphocyte-specific nuclear body protein Sp140 in an innate response to human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
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Sumoylation of Mdm2 by protein inhibitor of activated STAT (PIAS) and RanBP2 enzymes.
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The most recent references are shown first.
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only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
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so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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