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* Residue conservation analysis
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Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation
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Biological process
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defense response
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3 terms
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Biochemical function
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receptor binding
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1 term
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DOI no:
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Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr
57:1101-1109
(2001)
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PubMed id:
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Structure of the insecticidal bacterial delta-endotoxin Cry3Bb1 of Bacillus thuringiensis.
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N.Galitsky,
V.Cody,
A.Wojtczak,
D.Ghosh,
J.R.Luft,
W.Pangborn,
L.English.
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ABSTRACT
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The coleopteran-active delta-endotoxin Cry3Bb1 from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
strain EG7231 is uniquely toxic to Diabrotica undecimpunctata, the Southern corn
rootworm, while retaining activity against Leptinotarsa decemlineata, the
Colorado potato beetle. The crystal structure of the delta-endotoxin Cry3Bb1 has
been refined using data collected to 2.4 A resolution, with a residual R factor
of 17.5% and an R(free) of 25.3%. The structure is made up of three domains: I,
a seven-helix bundle (residues 64-294); II, a three-sheet domain (residues
295-502); and III, a beta-sandwich domain (residues 503-652). The monomers in
the orthorhombic C222(1) crystal lattice form a dimeric quaternary structure
across a crystallographic twofold axis, with a channel formed involving
interactions between domains I and III. There are 23 hydrogen bonds between the
two monomers conferring structural stability on the dimer. It has been
demonstrated that Cry3Bb1 and the similar toxin Cry3A form oligomers in
solution. The structural results presented here indicate that the interactions
between domains I and III could be responsible for the initial higher order
structure and have implications for the biological activity of these toxins.
There are seven additional single amino-acid residues in the sequence of Cry3Bb1
compared with that of Cry3A; one in domain I, two in domain II and four in
domain III, which also shows the largest conformational difference between the
two proteins. These changes can be implicated in the selectivity differences
noted for these two delta-endotoxins.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 1.
Figure 1 (a) Schematic ribbon representation of Cry3Bb1 showing
its three-domain organization: domain I (magenta), domain II
(cyan) and domain III (green). Loop connections are yellow. The
sites of amino-acid insertion in this structure compared with
Cry3A are shown in white (domain I, Ala104; domain II, Lys416,
Gln453; domain III, Lys554, Leu557, Lys624, Glu626). Diagrams
were produced with the program SETOR (Evans, 1993[Evans, S. V.
(1993). J. Mol. Graph. 11, 134-138.]). (b). Stereo
representation showing an alternate view of Cry3Bb1 highlighting
the orientation of the seven-helical bundle of domain I.
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Figure 6.
Figure 6 Comparison of the region near the insertion of residue
Lys416 in Cry3Bb1 (yellow) with Cry3A (green). This residue
points to a hydrophilic pocket with conserved tyrosyl groups.
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The above figures are
reprinted
by permission from the IUCr:
Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr
(2001,
57,
1101-1109)
copyright 2001.
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Figures were
selected
by the author.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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Curr Microbiol, 62,
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The Role of β20-β21 Loop Structure in Insecticidal Activity of Cry1Ac Toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis.
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Curr Microbiol, 62,
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Characterization and expression of a novel holotype insecticidal crystal protein gene from native Bacillus thuringiensis BM59-2.
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Residue 544 in domain III of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ac toxin is involved in protein structure stability.
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Protein J, 29,
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and
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Helix alpha 4 of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa toxin plays a critical role in the postbinding steps of pore formation.
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 75,
359-365.
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F.Tan,
J.Zhu,
J.Tang,
X.Tang,
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and
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(2009).
Cloning and characterization of two novel crystal protein genes, cry54Aa1 and cry30Fa1, from Bacillus thuringiensis strain BtMC28.
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Curr Microbiol, 58,
654-659.
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G.Lebel,
V.Vachon,
G.Préfontaine,
F.Girard,
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M.Juteau,
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G.Larouche,
C.Vincent,
R.Laprade,
and
J.L.Schwartz
(2009).
Mutations in domain I interhelical loops affect the rate of pore formation by the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Aa toxin in insect midgut brush border membrane vesicles.
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 75,
3842-3850.
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S.Likitvivatanavong,
K.G.Aimanova,
and
S.S.Gill
(2009).
Loop residues of the receptor binding domain of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry11Ba toxin are important for mosquitocidal activity.
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FEBS Lett, 583,
2021-2030.
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Y.Park,
M.A.Abdullah,
M.D.Taylor,
K.Rahman,
and
M.J.Adang
(2009).
Enhancement of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry3Aa and Cry3Bb toxicities to coleopteran larvae by a toxin-binding fragment of an insect cadherin.
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 75,
3086-3092.
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C.R.Pigott,
M.S.King,
and
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(2008).
Investigating the properties of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry proteins with novel loop replacements created using combinatorial molecular biology.
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 74,
3497-3511.
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F.Girard,
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and
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(2008).
Cysteine scanning mutagenesis of alpha4, a putative pore-lining helix of the Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal toxin Cry1Aa.
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 74,
2565-2572.
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G.W.Jones,
M.C.Wirth,
R.G.Monnerat,
and
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(2008).
The Cry48Aa-Cry49Aa binary toxin from Bacillus sphaericus exhibits highly restricted target specificity.
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Environ Microbiol, 10,
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and
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(2008).
The theoretical 3D structure of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry5Ba.
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J Mol Model, 14,
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M.S.Nair,
and
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All domains of Cry1A toxins insert into insect brush border membranes.
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J Biol Chem, 283,
26324-26331.
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C.M.Berón,
and
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(2007).
Cloning and characterization of a novel crystal protein from a native Bacillus thuringiensis isolate highly active against Aedes aegypti.
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Curr Microbiol, 54,
271-276.
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C.R.Pigott,
and
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Role of receptors in Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin activity.
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Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 71,
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G.G.Guerrero,
and
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(2007).
Carrier potential properties of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1A toxins for a diphtheria toxin epitope.
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Scand J Immunol, 66,
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H.Ishikawa,
Y.Hoshino,
Y.Motoki,
T.Kawahara,
M.Kitajima,
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and
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A system for the directed evolution of the insecticidal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis.
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Mol Biotechnol, 36,
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and
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(2006).
Specific epitopes of domains II and III of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab toxin involved in the sequential interaction with cadherin and aminopeptidase-N receptors in Manduca sexta.
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J Biol Chem, 281,
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J.W.Seale
(2006).
The role of a conserved histidine-tyrosine interhelical interaction in the ion channel domain of delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis.
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Proteins, 63,
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M.Kirouac,
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and
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Protease inhibitors fail to prevent pore formation by the activated Bacillus thuringiensis toxin Cry1Aa in insect brush border membrane vesicles.
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Appl Environ Microbiol, 72,
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P.Boonserm,
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and
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(2006).
Structure of the functional form of the mosquito larvicidal Cry4Aa toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis at a 2.8-angstrom resolution.
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J Bacteriol, 188,
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PDB code:
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T.Akiba,
K.Higuchi,
E.Mizuki,
K.Ekino,
T.Shin,
M.Ohba,
R.Kanai,
and
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(2006).
Nontoxic crystal protein from Bacillus thuringiensis demonstrates a remarkable structural similarity to beta-pore-forming toxins.
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Proteins, 63,
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PDB code:
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K.Kongsuwan,
J.Gough,
D.Kemp,
A.McDevitt,
and
R.Akhurst
(2005).
Characterization of a new Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin, Cry47Aa, from strains that are toxic to the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina.
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FEMS Microbiol Lett, 252,
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T.Tuntitippawan,
P.Boonserm,
G.Katzenmeier,
and
C.Angsuthanasombat
(2005).
Targeted mutagenesis of loop residues in the receptor-binding domain of the Bacillus thuringiensis Cry4Ba toxin affects larvicidal activity.
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FEMS Microbiol Lett, 242,
325-332.
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R.A.de Maagd,
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Structure, diversity, and evolution of protein toxins from spore-forming entomopathogenic bacteria.
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Annu Rev Genet, 37,
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Cloning and characterization of an insecticidal crystal protein gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kenyae.
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J Genet, 81,
5.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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