spacer
spacer
Go to PDB code: 
protein Protein-protein interface(s) links
Cytokine PDB id
1il8
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
71 a.a. *
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1il8
Name: Cytokine
Title: Three-dimensional structure of interleukin 8 in solution
Structure: Interleukin-8. Chain: a, b. Engineered: yes
Source: Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606. Gene: potential
NMR struc: 1 models
Authors: G.M.Clore,A.M.Gronenborn
Key ref:
G.M.Clore et al. (1990). Three-dimensional structure of interleukin 8 in solution. Biochemistry, 29, 1689-1696. PubMed id: 2184886 DOI: 10.1021/bi00459a004
Date:
08-Mar-90     Release date:   15-Jan-91    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P10145  (IL8_HUMAN) -  Interleukin-8
Seq:
Struc: 		99 a.a.
71 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     extracellular region   3 terms 
  Biological process     intracellular signal transduction   21 terms 
  Biochemical function     protein binding     4 terms  

 

 
DOI no: 10.1021/bi00459a004 Biochemistry 29:1689-1696 (1990)
PubMed id: 2184886  
 
 
Three-dimensional structure of interleukin 8 in solution.
G.M.Clore, E.Appella, M.Yamada, K.Matsushima, A.M.Gronenborn.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The solution structure of the interleukin 8 (IL-8) dimer has been solved by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and hybrid distance geometry-dynamical simulated annealing calculations. The structure determination is based on a total of 1880 experimental distance restraints (of which 82 are intersubunit) and 362 torsion angle restraints (comprising phi, psi, and chi 1 torsion angles). A total of 30 simulated annealing structures were calculated, and the atomic rms distribution about the mean coordinate positions (excluding residues 1-5 of each subunit) is 0.41 +/- 0.08 A for the backbone atoms and 0.90 +/- 0.08 A for all atoms. The three-dimensional solution structure of the IL-8 dimer reveals a structural motif in which two symmetry-related antiparallel alpha-helices, approximately 24 A long and separated by about 14 A, lie on top of a six-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet platform derived from two three-stranded Greek keys, one from each monomer unit. The general architecture is similar to that of the alpha 1/alpha 2 domains of the human class I histocompatibility antigen HLA-A2. It is suggested that the two alpha-helices form the binding site for the cellular receptor and that the specificity of IL-8, as well as that of a number of related proteins involved in cell-specific chemotaxis, mediation of cell growth, and the inflammatory response, is achieved by the distinct distribution of charged and polar residues at the surface of the helices.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21214860 A.H.Kwan, M.Mobli, P.R.Gooley, G.F.King, and J.P.Mackay (2011).
Macromolecular NMR spectroscopy for the non-spectroscopist.
  FEBS J, 278, 687-703.  
21223963 C.L.Salanga, and T.M.Handel (2011).
Chemokine oligomerization and interactions with receptors and glycosaminoglycans: the role of structural dynamics in function.
  Exp Cell Res, 317, 590-601.  
21377040 M.Akdis, S.Burgler, R.Crameri, T.Eiwegger, H.Fujita, E.Gomez, S.Klunker, N.Meyer, L.O'Mahony, O.Palomares, C.Rhyner, N.Quaked, A.Schaffartzik, W.Van De Veen, S.Zeller, M.Zimmermann, and C.A.Akdis (2011).
Interleukins, from 1 to 37, and interferon-γ: receptors, functions, and roles in diseases.
  J Allergy Clin Immunol, 127, 701.  
20927564 P.H.Kwakman, L.de Boer, C.P.Ruyter-Spira, T.Creemers-Molenaar, J.P.Helsper, C.M.Vandenbroucke-Grauls, S.A.Zaat, and A.A.te Velde (2011).
Medical-grade honey enriched with antimicrobial peptides has enhanced activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
  Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 30, 251-257.  
20669960 O.Khakshoor, A.J.Lin, T.P.Korman, M.R.Sawaya, S.C.Tsai, D.Eisenberg, and J.S.Nowick (2010).
X-ray crystallographic structure of an artificial beta-sheet dimer.
  J Am Chem Soc, 132, 11622-11628.
PDB code: 3ni3
20668677 S.T.Das, L.Rajagopalan, A.Guerrero-Plata, J.Sai, A.Richmond, R.P.Garofalo, and K.Rajarathnam (2010).
Monomeric and dimeric CXCL8 are both essential for in vivo neutrophil recruitment.
  PLoS One, 5, e11754.  
19681642 A.Ravindran, P.R.Joseph, and K.Rajarathnam (2009).
Structural basis for differential binding of the interleukin-8 monomer and dimer to the CXCR1 N-domain: role of coupled interactions and dynamics.
  Biochemistry, 48, 8795-8805.  
19578117 J.Hol, A.M.Küchler, F.E.Johansen, B.Dalhus, G.Haraldsen, and I.Oynebråten (2009).
Molecular requirements for sorting of the chemokine interleukin-8/CXCL8 to endothelial Weibel-Palade bodies.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 23532-23539.  
19722627 J.Wang, X.Zuo, P.Yu, I.J.Byeon, J.Jung, X.Wang, M.Dyba, S.Seifert, C.D.Schwieters, J.Qin, A.M.Gronenborn, and Y.X.Wang (2009).
Determination of multicomponent protein structures in solution using global orientation and shape restraints.
  J Am Chem Soc, 131, 10507-10515.
PDB codes: 2klj 2klk 2klm
19383446 K.E.Caputo, and D.A.Hammer (2009).
Adhesive dynamics simulation of G-protein-mediated chemokine-activated neutrophil adhesion.
  Biophys J, 96, 2989-3004.  
19813761 S.Bourbigot, L.Fardy, A.J.Waring, M.R.Yeaman, and V.Booth (2009).
Structure of chemokine-derived antimicrobial Peptide interleukin-8alpha and interaction with detergent micelles and oriented lipid bilayers.
  Biochemistry, 48, 10509-10521.  
18767154 S.Halouska, Y.Zhou, D.F.Becker, and R.Powers (2009).
Solution structure of the Pseudomonas putida protein PpPutA45 and its DNA complex.
  Proteins, 75, 12-27.
PDB codes: 2jxg 2jxh 2jxi
18550532 I.V.Nesmelova, Y.Sham, J.Gao, and K.H.Mayo (2008).
CXC and CC Chemokines Form Mixed Heterodimers: ASSOCIATION FREE ENERGIES FROM MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS AND EXPERIMENTAL CORRELATIONS.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 24155-24166.  
18798654 J.S.Nowick (2008).
Exploring beta-sheet structure and interactions with chemical model systems.
  Acc Chem Res, 41, 1319-1330.  
18786394 M.Nilges, A.Bernard, B.Bardiaux, T.Malliavin, M.Habeck, and W.Rieping (2008).
Accurate NMR structures through minimization of an extended hybrid energy.
  Structure, 16, 1305-1312.  
17876799 N.Huynh, B.Mallik, L.Zhang, M.Martins-Green, and D.Morikis (2008).
Computational studies of CXCR1, the receptor of IL-8/CXCL8, using molecular dynamics and electrostatics.
  Biopolymers, 89, 52-61.  
17222184 H.Fernando, G.T.Nagle, and K.Rajarathnam (2007).
Thermodynamic characterization of interleukin-8 monomer binding to CXCR1 receptor N-terminal domain.
  FEBS J, 274, 241-251.  
17644519 H.Jin, X.Shen, B.R.Baggett, X.Kong, and P.J.LiWang (2007).
The human CC chemokine MIP-1beta dimer is not competent to bind to the CCR5 receptor.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 27976-27983.  
17513351 L.Rajagopalan, C.C.Chin, and K.Rajarathnam (2007).
Role of intramolecular disulfides in stability and structure of a noncovalent homodimer.
  Biophys J, 93, 2129-2134.  
17024463 R.David, and A.G.Beck-Sickinger (2007).
Identification of the dimerisation interface of human interleukin-8 by IL-8-variants containing the photoactivatable amino acid benzoyl-phenylalanine.
  Eur Biophys J, 36, 385-391.  
17291188 S.J.Allen, S.E.Crown, and T.M.Handel (2007).
Chemokine: receptor structure, interactions, and antagonism.
  Annu Rev Immunol, 25, 787-820.  
16987528 F.C.Peterson, J.A.Thorpe, A.G.Harder, B.F.Volkman, and S.R.Schwarze (2006).
Structural determinants involved in the regulation of CXCL14/BRAK expression by the 26 S proteasome.
  J Mol Biol, 363, 813-822.
PDB code: 2hdl
16567363 F.Ortuso, T.Langer, and S.Alcaro (2006).
GBPM: GRID-based pharmacophore model: concept and application studies to protein-protein recognition.
  Bioinformatics, 22, 1449-1455.  
16784240 K.Rajarathnam, G.N.Prado, H.Fernando, I.Clark-Lewis, and J.Navarro (2006).
Probing receptor binding activity of interleukin-8 dimer using a disulfide trap.
  Biochemistry, 45, 7882-7888.  
17024562 L.Rajagopalan, and K.Rajarathnam (2006).
Structural basis of chemokine receptor function--a model for binding affinity and ligand selectivity.
  Biosci Rep, 26, 325-339.  
16963564 L.Zhang, M.Derider, M.A.McCornack, S.C.Jao, N.Isern, T.Ness, R.Moyer, and P.J.LiWang (2006).
Solution structure of the complex between poxvirus-encoded CC chemokine inhibitor vCCI and human MIP-1beta.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 13985-13990.
PDB codes: 2ffk 2fin
16374783 Y.J.Huang, R.Tejero, R.Powers, and G.T.Montelione (2006).
A topology-constrained distance network algorithm for protein structure determination from NOESY data.
  Proteins, 62, 587-603.  
15531763 I.V.Nesmelova, Y.Sham, A.Z.Dudek, L.I.van Eijk, G.Wu, A.Slungaard, F.Mortari, A.W.Griffioen, and K.H.Mayo (2005).
Platelet factor 4 and interleukin-8 CXC chemokine heterodimer formation modulates function at the quaternary structural level.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 4948-4958.  
15979374 J.Y.Springael, E.Urizar, and M.Parmentier (2005).
Dimerization of chemokine receptors and its functional consequences.
  Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 16, 611-623.  
16251366 R.Powers, N.Mirkovic, S.Goldsmith-Fischman, T.B.Acton, Y.Chiang, Y.J.Huang, L.Ma, P.K.Rajan, J.R.Cort, M.A.Kennedy, J.Liu, B.Rost, B.Honig, D.Murray, and G.T.Montelione (2005).
Solution structure of Archaeglobus fulgidis peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth2) provides evidence for an extensive conserved family of Pth2 enzymes in archea, bacteria, and eukaryotes.
  Protein Sci, 14, 2849-2861.
PDB code: 1rzw
15952892 T.M.Handel, Z.Johnson, S.E.Crown, E.K.Lau, and A.E.Proudfoot (2005).
Regulation of protein function by glycosaminoglycans--as exemplified by chemokines.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 74, 385-410.  
14997572 E.Krieger, E.Geretti, B.Brandner, B.Goger, T.N.Wells, and A.J.Kungl (2004).
A structural and dynamic model for the interaction of interleukin-8 and glycosaminoglycans: support from isothermal fluorescence titrations.
  Proteins, 54, 768-775.  
15252057 H.Fernando, C.Chin, J.Rösgen, and K.Rajarathnam (2004).
Dimer dissociation is essential for interleukin-8 (IL-8) binding to CXCR1 receptor.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 36175-36178.  
15284247 T.R.Ott, A.Pahuja, S.A.Nickolls, D.G.Alleva, and R.S.Struthers (2004).
Identification of CC chemokine receptor 7 residues important for receptor activation.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 42383-42392.  
  12737818 G.J.Swaminathan, D.E.Holloway, R.A.Colvin, G.K.Campanella, A.C.Papageorgiou, A.D.Luster, and K.R.Acharya (2003).
Crystal structures of oligomeric forms of the IP-10/CXCL10 chemokine.
  Structure, 11, 521-532.
PDB codes: 1o7y 1o7z 1o80
14719805 R.David, Z.Machova, and A.G.Beck-Sickinger (2003).
Semisynthesis and application of carboxyfluorescein-labelled biologically active human interleukin-8.
  Biol Chem, 384, 1619-1630.  
12149255 D.M.Hoover, C.Boulegue, D.Yang, J.J.Oppenheim, K.Tucker, W.Lu, and J.Lubkowski (2002).
The structure of human macrophage inflammatory protein-3alpha /CCL20. Linking antimicrobial and CC chemokine receptor-6-binding activities with human beta-defensins.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 37647-37654.
PDB code: 1m8a
11807180 E.J.Fernandez, and E.Lolis (2002).
Structure, function, and inhibition of chemokines.
  Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 42, 469-499.  
11889129 E.S.KuloÄŸlu, D.R.McCaslin, J.L.Markley, and B.F.Volkman (2002).
Structural rearrangement of human lymphotactin, a C chemokine, under physiological solution conditions.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 17863-17870.  
12427973 X.L.Yang, R.J.Skene, D.E.McRee, and P.Schimmel (2002).
Crystal structure of a human aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase cytokine.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 15369-15374.
PDB code: 1n3l
  11574282 G.Opdenakker, P.E.Van den Steen, and J.Van Damme (2001).
Gelatinase B: a tuner and amplifier of immune functions.
  Trends Immunol, 22, 571-579.  
  11525165 G.Y.Xu, A.Tam, L.Lin, J.Hixon, C.C.Fritz, and R.Powers (2001).
Solution structure of B. subtilis acyl carrier protein.
  Structure, 9, 277-287.
PDB code: 1hy8
11276368 M.Crow, D.D.Taub, S.Cooper, H.E.Broxmeyer, and A.H.Sarris (2001).
Human recombinant interferon-inducible protein-10: intact disulfide bridges are not required for inhibition of hematopoietic progenitors and chemotaxis of T lymphocytes and monocytes.
  J Hematother Stem Cell Res, 10, 147-156.  
11358512 W.Shao, E.Fernandez, A.Sachpatzidis, J.Wilken, D.A.Thompson, B.I.Schweitzer, and E.Lolis (2001).
CCR2 and CCR5 receptor-binding properties of herpesvirus-8 vMIP-II based on sequence analysis and its solution structure.
  Eur J Biochem, 268, 2948-2959.
PDB code: 1hhv
  11152129 Buyong, J.Xiong, J.Lubkowski, and R.Nussinov (2000).
Homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations of lymphotactin.
  Protein Sci, 9, 2192-2199.  
10852703 F.J.Moy, P.K.Chanda, M.I.Cockett, W.Edris, P.G.Jones, K.Mason, S.Semus, and R.Powers (2000).
NMR structure of free RGS4 reveals an induced conformational change upon binding Galpha.
  Biochemistry, 39, 7063-7073.
PDB codes: 1ezt 1ezy
11087354 J.Blaszczyk, E.V.Coillie, P.Proost, J.V.Damme, G.Opdenakker, G.D.Bujacz, J.M.Wang, and X.Ji (2000).
Complete crystal structure of monocyte chemotactic protein-2, a CC chemokine that interacts with multiple receptors.
  Biochemistry, 39, 14075-14081.
PDB code: 1esr
10727234 J.S.Laurence, C.Blanpain, J.W.Burgner, M.Parmentier, and P.J.LiWang (2000).
CC chemokine MIP-1 beta can function as a monomer and depends on Phe13 for receptor binding.
  Biochemistry, 39, 3401-3409.  
  11106181 J.T.Ashfield, T.Meyers, D.Lowne, P.G.Varley, J.R.Arnold, P.Tan, J.C.Yang, L.G.Czaplewski, T.Dudgeon, and J.Fisher (2000).
Chemical modification of a variant of human MIP-1alpha; implications for dimer structure.
  Protein Sci, 9, 2047-2053.  
10835359 K.Huang, J.M.Louis, L.Donaldson, F.L.Lim, A.D.Sharrocks, and G.M.Clore (2000).
Solution structure of the MEF2A-DNA complex: structural basis for the modulation of DNA bending and specificity by MADS-box transcription factors.
  EMBO J, 19, 2615-2628.
PDB code: 1c7u
10625674 M.Owhashi, H.Arita, and N.Hayai (2000).
Identification of a novel eosinophil chemotactic cytokine (ECF-L) as a chitinase family protein.
  J Biol Chem, 275, 1279-1286.  
10707023 N.Gerber, H.Lowman, D.R.Artis, and C.Eigenbrot (2000).
Receptor-binding conformation of the "ELR" motif of IL-8: X-ray structure of the L5C/H33C variant at 2.35 A resolution.
  Proteins, 38, 361-367.
PDB code: 1qe6
10954912 Y.Ohnishi, T.Senda, N.Nandhagopal, K.Sugimoto, T.Shioda, Y.Nagal, and Y.Mitsui (2000).
Crystal structure of recombinant native SDF-1alpha with additional mutagenesis studies: an attempt at a more comprehensive interpretation of accumulated structure-activity relationship data.
  J Interferon Cytokine Res, 20, 691-700.
PDB code: 1qg7
9890927 A.C.LiWang, J.J.Cao, H.Zheng, Z.Lu, S.C.Peiper, and P.J.LiWang (1999).
Dynamics study on the anti-human immunodeficiency virus chemokine viral macrophage-inflammatory protein-II (VMIP-II) reveals a fully monomeric protein.
  Biochemistry, 38, 442-453.  
  10595530 A.C.Liwang, Z.X.Wang, Y.Sun, S.C.Peiper, and P.J.Liwang (1999).
The solution structure of the anti-HIV chemokine vMIP-II.
  Protein Sci, 8, 2270-2280.
PDB code: 1vmp
  10400729 A.Trkola, C.Gordon, J.Matthews, E.Maxwell, T.Ketas, L.Czaplewski, A.E.Proudfoot, and J.P.Moore (1999).
The CC-chemokine RANTES increases the attachment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 to target cells via glycosaminoglycans and also activates a signal transduction pathway that enhances viral infectivity.
  J Virol, 73, 6370-6379.  
10353819 F.J.Moy, P.K.Chanda, J.M.Chen, S.Cosmi, W.Edris, J.S.Skotnicki, J.Wilhelm, and R.Powers (1999).
NMR solution structure of the catalytic fragment of human fibroblast collagenase complexed with a sulfonamide derivative of a hydroxamic acid compound.
  Biochemistry, 38, 7085-7096.
PDB codes: 3ayk 4ayk
10320325 H.Sticht, S.E.Escher, K.Schweimer, W.G.Forssmann, P.Rösch, and K.Adermann (1999).
Solution structure of the human CC chemokine 2: A monomeric representative of the CC chemokine subtype.
  Biochemistry, 38, 5995-6002.
PDB code: 2hcc
10398929 K.P.Murphy (1999).
Predicting binding energetics from structure: looking beyond DeltaG degrees.
  Med Res Rev, 19, 333-339.  
10387004 K.Rajarathnam, B.D.Sykes, B.Dewald, M.Baggiolini, and I.Clark-Lewis (1999).
Disulfide bridges in interleukin-8 probed using non-natural disulfide analogues: dissociation of roles in structure from function.
  Biochemistry, 38, 7653-7658.  
10347159 L.G.Czaplewski, J.McKeating, C.J.Craven, L.D.Higgins, V.Appay, A.Brown, T.Dudgeon, L.A.Howard, T.Meyers, J.Owen, S.R.Palan, P.Tan, G.Wilson, N.R.Woods, C.M.Heyworth, B.I.Lord, D.Brotherton, R.Christison, S.Craig, S.Cribbes, R.M.Edwards, S.J.Evans, R.Gilbert, P.Morgan, E.Randle, N.Schofield, P.G.Varley, J.Fisher, J.P.Waltho, and M.G.Hunter (1999).
Identification of amino acid residues critical for aggregation of human CC chemokines macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1alpha, MIP-1beta, and RANTES. Characterization of active disaggregated chemokine variants.
  J Biol Chem, 274, 16077-16084.
PDB codes: 1b50 1b53
9931005 L.S.Mizoue, J.F.Bazan, E.C.Johnson, and T.M.Handel (1999).
Solution structure and dynamics of the CX3C chemokine domain of fractalkine and its interaction with an N-terminal fragment of CX3CR1.
  Biochemistry, 38, 1402-1414.
PDB code: 1b2t
  10368283 N.J.Skelton, C.Quan, D.Reilly, and H.Lowman (1999).
Structure of a CXC chemokine-receptor fragment in complex with interleukin-8.
  Structure, 7, 157-168.
PDB codes: 1ilp 1ilq
9837883 C.D.Paavola, S.Hemmerich, D.Grunberger, I.Polsky, A.Bloom, R.Freedman, M.Mulkins, S.Bhakta, D.McCarley, L.Wiesent, B.Wong, K.Jarnagin, and T.M.Handel (1998).
Monomeric monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) binds and activates the MCP-1 receptor CCR2B.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 33157-33165.  
9624135 D.Spillmann, D.Witt, and U.Lindahl (1998).
Defining the interleukin-8-binding domain of heparan sulfate.
  J Biol Chem, 273, 15487-15493.  
9484219 F.J.Moy, P.K.Chanda, S.Cosmi, M.R.Pisano, C.Urbano, J.Wilhelm, and R.Powers (1998).
High-resolution solution structure of the inhibitor-free catalytic fragment of human fibroblast collagenase determined by multidimensional NMR.
  Biochemistry, 37, 1495-1504.
PDB codes: 1ayk 2ayk
9698365 G.S.Kuschert, A.J.Hoogewerf, A.E.Proudfoot, C.W.Chung, R.M.Cooke, R.E.Hubbard, T.N.Wells, and P.N.Sanderson (1998).
Identification of a glycosaminoglycan binding surface on human interleukin-8.
  Biochemistry, 37, 11193-11201.  
9649315 J.S.Laurence, A.C.LiWang, and P.J.LiWang (1998).
Effect of N-terminal truncation and solution conditions on chemokine dimer stability: nuclear magnetic resonance structural analysis of macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta mutants.
  Biochemistry, 37, 9346-9354.  
9788958 M.C.Gershengorn, E.Geras-Raaka, A.Varma, and I.Clark-Lewis (1998).
Chemokines activate Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor in mammalian cells in culture.
  J Clin Invest, 102, 1469-1472.  
9692946 W.Zhu, K.Sandman, G.E.Lee, J.N.Reeve, and M.F.Summers (1998).
NMR structure and comparison of the archaeal histone HFoB from the mesophile Methanobacterium formicicum with HMfB from the hyperthermophile Methanothermus fervidus.
  Biochemistry, 37, 10573-10580.  
9136886 E.Ilyina, V.Roongta, and K.H.Mayo (1997).
NMR structure of a de novo designed, peptide 33mer with two distinct, compact beta-sheet folds.
  Biochemistry, 36, 5245-5250.  
9063871 G.Melacini, Q.Zhu, and M.Goodman (1997).
Multiconformational NMR analysis of sandostatin (octreotide): equilibrium between beta-sheet and partially helical structures.
  Biochemistry, 36, 1233-1241.
PDB codes: 1soc 2soc
  9070442 H.B.Lowman, W.J.Fairbrother, P.H.Slagle, R.Kabakoff, J.Liu, S.Shire, and C.A.Hébert (1997).
Monomeric variants of IL-8: effects of side chain substitutions and solution conditions upon dimer formation.
  Protein Sci, 6, 598-608.  
8989326 J.Lubkowski, G.Bujacz, L.Boqué, P.J.Domaille, T.M.Handel, and A.Wlodawer (1997).
The structure of MCP-1 in two crystal forms provides a rare example of variable quaternary interactions.
  Nat Struct Biol, 4, 64-69.
PDB codes: 1dok 1dol
8999852 K.Rajarathnam, C.M.Kay, B.Dewald, M.Wolf, M.Baggiolini, I.Clark-Lewis, and B.D.Sykes (1997).
Neutrophil-activating peptide-2 and melanoma growth-stimulatory activity are functional as monomers for neutrophil activation.
  J Biol Chem, 272, 1725-1729.  
  9260277 L.F.Jerva, G.Sullivan, and E.Lolis (1997).
Functional and receptor binding characterization of recombinant murine macrophage inflammatory protein 2: sequence analysis and mutagenesis identify receptor binding epitopes.
  Protein Sci, 6, 1643-1652.  
9143704 M.Baggiolini, B.Dewald, and B.Moser (1997).
Human chemokines: an update.
  Annu Rev Immunol, 15, 675-705.  
9462487 M.Martins-Green, and H.Hanafusa (1997).
The 9E3/CEF4 gene and its product the chicken chemotactic and angiogenic factor (cCAF): potential roles in wound healing and tumor development.
  Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 8, 221-232.  
9109648 S.Meunier, J.M.Bernassau, J.C.Guillemot, P.Ferrara, and H.Darbon (1997).
Determination of the three-dimensional structure of CC chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein 3 by 1H two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy.
  Biochemistry, 36, 4412-4422.
PDB code: 1ncv
  9070443 S.R.Leong, H.B.Lowman, J.Liu, S.Shire, L.E.Deforge, B.L.Gillece-Castro, R.McDowell, and C.A.Hébert (1997).
IL-8 single-chain homodimers and heterodimers: interactions with chemokine receptors CXCR1, CXCR2, and DARC.
  Protein Sci, 6, 609-617.  
9235985 X.Chang, A.M.Jorgensen, P.Bardrum, and J.J.Led (1997).
Solution structures of the R6 human insulin hexamer,.
  Biochemistry, 36, 9409-9422.
PDB codes: 1ai0 1aiy
8885834 F.J.Moy, A.P.Seddon, P.Böhlen, and R.Powers (1996).
High-resolution solution structure of basic fibroblast growth factor determined by multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  Biochemistry, 35, 13552-13561.
PDB codes: 1bla 1bld
8662882 H.B.Lowman, P.H.Slagle, L.E.DeForge, C.M.Wirth, B.L.Gillece-Castro, J.H.Bourell, and W.J.Fairbrother (1996).
Exchanging interleukin-8 and melanoma growth-stimulating activity receptor binding specificities.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 14344-14352.  
8631339 H.Sticht, M.Auer, B.Schmitt, J.Besemer, M.Horcher, T.Kirsch, I.J.Lindley, and P.Rösch (1996).
Structure and activity of a chimeric interleukin-8-melanoma-growth-stimulatory-activity protein.
  Eur J Biochem, 235, 26-35.
PDB code: 1rod
8823186 J.Liu, O.Prakash, Y.Huang, L.Wen, J.J.Wen, J.K.Huang, and R.Krishnamoorthi (1996).
Internal mobility of reactive-site-hydrolyzed recombinant Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor-V characterized by NMR spectroscopy: evidence for differential stabilization of newly formed C- and N-termini.
  Biochemistry, 35, 12503-12510.  
  8819163 K.H.Mayo, E.Ilyina, and H.Park (1996).
A recipe for designing water-soluble, beta-sheet-forming peptides.
  Protein Sci, 5, 1301-1315.  
8626516 M.E.Hammond, V.Shyamala, M.A.Siani, C.A.Gallegos, P.H.Feucht, J.Abbott, G.R.Lapointe, M.Moghadam, H.Khoja, J.Zakel, and P.Tekamp-Olson (1996).
Receptor recognition and specificity of interleukin-8 is determined by residues that cluster near a surface-accessible hydrophobic pocket.
  J Biol Chem, 271, 8228-8235.  
8639605 T.M.Handel, and P.J.Domaille (1996).
Heteronuclear (1H, 13C, 15N) NMR assignments and solution structure of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) dimer.
  Biochemistry, 35, 6569-6584.
PDB codes: 1dom 1don
8906232 T.N.Wells, M.Lusti-Narasimhan, C.W.Chung, R.Cooke, C.A.Power, M.C.Peitsch, and A.E.Proudfoot (1996).
The molecular basis of selectivity between CC and CXC chemokines: the possibility of chemokine antagonists as anti-inflammatory agents.
  Ann N Y Acad Sci, 796, 245-256.  
7852412 A.J.Hoogewerf, J.W.Leone, I.M.Reardon, W.J.Howe, D.Asa, R.L.Heinrikson, and S.R.Ledbetter (1995).
CXC chemokines connective tissue activating peptide-III and neutrophil activating peptide-2 are heparin/heparan sulfate-degrading enzymes.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 3268-3277.  
  8575189 A.M.Gronenborn, and G.M.Clore (1995).
Structures of protein complexes by multidimensional heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
  Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 30, 351-385.  
7796267 G.M.Clore, J.Ernst, R.Clubb, J.G.Omichinski, W.M.Kennedy, K.Sakaguchi, E.Appella, and A.M.Gronenborn (1995).
Refined solution structure of the oligomerization domain of the tumour suppressor p53.
  Nat Struct Biol, 2, 321-333.
PDB codes: 1sae 1saf 1sag 1sah 1sai 1saj 1sak 1sal
7737976 I.U.Schraufstätter, M.Ma, Z.G.Oades, D.S.Barritt, and C.G.Cochrane (1995).
The role of Tyr13 and Lys15 of interleukin-8 in the high affinity interaction with the interleukin-8 receptor type A.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 10428-10431.  
7890771 J.E.Ehlert, F.Petersen, M.H.Kubbutat, J.Gerdes, H.D.Flad, and E.Brandt (1995).
Limited and defined truncation at the C terminus enhances receptor binding and degranulation activity of the neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2). Comparison of native and recombinant NAP-2 variants.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 6338-6344.  
7836918 J.H.Gong, and I.Clark-Lewis (1995).
Antagonists of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 identified by modification of functionally critical NH2-terminal residues.
  J Exp Med, 181, 631-640.  
7531692 M.Lusti-Narasimhan, C.A.Power, B.Allet, S.Alouani, K.B.Bacon, J.J.Mermod, A.E.Proudfoot, and T.N.Wells (1995).
Mutation of Leu25 and Val27 introduces CC chemokine activity into interleukin-8.
  J Biol Chem, 270, 2716-2721.  
  7651403 Y.Zhang, and B.J.Rollins (1995).
A dominant negative inhibitor indicates that monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 functions as a dimer.
  Mol Cell Biol, 15, 4851-4855.  
9634778 Z.Lu, K.S.Murray, V.Van Cleave, E.R.LaVallie, M.L.Stahl, and J.M.McCoy (1995).
Expression of thioredoxin random peptide libraries on the Escherichia coli cell surface as functional fusions to flagellin: a system designed for exploring protein-protein interactions.
  Biotechnology (N Y), 13, 366-372.  
  8069631 D.A.Rozwarski, A.M.Gronenborn, G.M.Clore, J.F.Bazan, A.Bohm, A.Wlodawer, M.Hatada, and P.A.Karplus (1994).
Structural comparisons among the short-chain helical cytokines.
  Structure, 2, 159-173.  
  7703852 D.G.Covell, G.W.Smythers, A.M.Gronenborn, and G.M.Clore (1994).
Analysis of hydrophobicity in the alpha and beta chemokine families and its relevance to dimerization.
  Protein Sci, 3, 2064-2072.  
7962543 D.Schwartz, A.Andalibi, L.Chaverri-Almada, J.A.Berliner, T.Kirchgessner, Z.T.Fang, P.Tekamp-Olson, A.J.Lusis, C.Gallegos, and A.M.Fogelman (1994).
Role of the GRO family of chemokines in monocyte adhesion to MM-LDL-stimulated endothelium.
  J Clin Invest, 94, 1968-1973.  
  8164648 J.N.Heinrich, E.C.O'Rourke, L.Chen, H.Gray, K.S.Dorfman, and R.Bravo (1994).
Biological activity of the growth factor-induced cytokine N51: structure-function analysis using N51/Interleukin-8 chimeric molecules.
  Mol Cell Biol, 14, 2849-2861.  
  7922028 J.Qin, G.M.Clore, and A.M.Gronenborn (1994).
The high-resolution three-dimensional solution structures of the oxidized and reduced states of human thioredoxin.
  Structure, 2, 503-522.
PDB codes: 1trs 1tru 1trv 1trw
  8221207 C.A.Hébert, and J.B.Baker (1993).
Interleukin-8: a review.
  Cancer Invest, 11, 743-750.  
  8069624 C.A.Orengo, and J.M.Thornton (1993).
Alpha plus beta folds revisited: some favoured motifs.
  Structure, 1, 105-120.  
8335079 H.Bang, K.Brune, C.Nager, and U.Feige (1993).
Interleukin-8 is a cyclosporin A binding protein.
  Experientia, 49, 533-538.  
8475106 I.Clark-Lewis, B.Dewald, T.Geiser, B.Moser, and M.Baggiolini (1993).
Platelet factor 4 binds to interleukin 8 receptors and activates neutrophils when its N terminus is modified with Glu-Leu-Arg.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 3574-3577.  
8346230 L.M.Webb, M.U.Ehrengruber, I.Clark-Lewis, M.Baggiolini, and A.Rot (1993).
Binding to heparan sulfate or heparin enhances neutrophil responses to interleukin 8.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 90, 7158-7162.  
  8318898 M.J.Sutcliffe (1993).
Representing an ensemble of NMR-derived protein structures by a single structure.
  Protein Sci, 2, 936-944.  
8272427 M.Nilges (1993).
A calculation strategy for the structure determination of symmetric dimers by 1H NMR.
  Proteins, 17, 297-309.  
8272423 M.W.MacArthur, and J.M.Thornton (1993).
Conformational analysis of protein structures derived from NMR data.
  Proteins, 17, 232-251.  
  8443604 S.Srinivasan, C.J.March, and S.Sudarsanam (1993).
An automated method for modeling proteins on known templates using distance geometry.
  Protein Sci, 2, 277-289.  
8244273 Y.Shiratori, H.Takada, Y.Hikiba, R.Nakata, K.Okano, Y.Komatsu, Y.Niwa, M.Matsumura, S.Shiina, and M.Omata (1993).
Production of chemotactic factor, interleukin-8, from hepatocytes exposed to ethanol.
  Hepatology, 18, 1477-1482.  
  1587359 A.V.Kajava (1992).
Left-handed topology of super-secondary structure formed by aligned alpha-helix and beta-hairpin.
  FEBS Lett, 302, 8.  
1553380 E.A.Stura, P.Chen, C.M.Wilmot, J.H.Arevalo, and I.A.Wilson (1992).
Crystallization studies of glycosylated and unglycosylated human recombinant interleukin-2.
  Proteins, 12, 24-30.  
  1299623 G.Michel, L.Kemény, R.U.Peter, A.Beetz, C.Ried, P.Arenberger, and T.Ruzicka (1992).
Interleukin-8 receptor-mediated chemotaxis of normal human epidermal cells.
  FEBS Lett, 305, 241-243.  
1409574 J.A.Stuckey, R.St Charles, and B.F.Edwards (1992).
A model of the platelet factor 4 complex with heparin.
  Proteins, 14, 277-287.  
1470680 M.Billeter (1992).
Comparison of protein structures determined by NMR in solution and by X-ray diffraction in single crystals.
  Q Rev Biophys, 25, 325-377.  
1528078 M.D.Walkinshaw (1992).
Protein targets for structure-based drug design.
  Med Res Rev, 12, 317-372.  
1644916 R.P.Darveau, J.Blake, C.L.Seachord, W.L.Cosand, M.D.Cunningham, L.Cassiano-Clough, and G.Maloney (1992).
Peptides related to the carboxyl terminus of human platelet factor IV with antibacterial activity.
  J Clin Invest, 90, 447-455.  
2054114 B.Sherry, and A.Cerami (1991).
Small cytokine superfamily.
  Curr Opin Immunol, 3, 56-60.  
1988949 E.T.Baldwin, I.T.Weber, R.St Charles, J.C.Xuan, E.Appella, M.Yamada, K.Matsushima, B.F.Edwards, G.M.Clore, and A.M.Gronenborn (1991).
Crystal structure of interleukin 8: symbiosis of NMR and crystallography.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 88, 502-506.
PDB code: 3il8
  2022182 F.Rippmann, W.R.Taylor, J.B.Rothbard, and N.M.Green (1991).
A hypothetical model for the peptide binding domain of hsp70 based on the peptide binding domain of HLA.
  EMBO J, 10, 1053-1059.  
1668718 G.M.Clore, A.Bax, and A.M.Gronenborn (1991).
Stereospecific assignment of beta-methylene protons in larger proteins using 3D 15N-separated Hartmann-Hahn and 13C-separated rotating frame Overhauser spectroscopy.
  J Biomol NMR, 1, 13-22.  
  1828038 H.Nakagawa, S.Hatakeyama, A.Ikesue, and H.Miyai (1991).
Generation of interleukin-8 by plasmin from AVLPR-interleukin-8, the human fibroblast-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor.
  FEBS Lett, 282, 412-414.  
2059236 R.Terkeltaub, C.Zachariae, D.Santoro, J.Martin, P.Peveri, and K.Matsushima (1991).
Monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor/interleukin-8 is a potential mediator of crystal-induced inflammation.
  Arthritis Rheum, 34, 894-903.  
  1367670 W.J.Chazin (1991).
New nuclear magnetic resonance structures and structural methodology.
  Curr Opin Biotechnol, 2, 520-525.  
2201751 P.Tekamp-Olson, C.Gallegos, D.Bauer, J.McClain, B.Sherry, M.Fabre, S.van Deventer, and A.Cerami (1990).
Cloning and characterization of cDNAs for murine macrophage inflammatory protein 2 and its human homologues.
  J Exp Med, 172, 911-919.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.