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protein dna_rna ligands metals links
Helicase PDB id
1gm5
Jmol
Contents
Protein chain
729 a.a. *
DNA/RNA
Ligands
ADP
Metals
_MG
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1gm5
Name: Helicase
Title: Structure of recg bound to three-way DNA junction
Structure: Recg. Chain: a. Engineered: yes. DNA (5'-( Cp Ap Gp Cp Tp Cp Cp Ap Tp Gp Ap Tp Cp Ap Tp Tp Gp Gp Cp A)-3'). Chain: x. DNA (5'-( Gp Cp Ap Gp Tp Gp Cp Tp Cp Gp Cp Ap Tp Gp Gp Ap Gp Cp Tp G)-3'). Chain: y.
Source: Thermotoga maritima. Organism_taxid: 2336. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562. Synthetic: yes. Synthetic: yes
Biol. unit: Hetero-Tetramer (from PDB file)
Resolution:
3.24Å     R-factor:   0.275     R-free:   0.328
Authors: M.R.Singleton,S.Scaife,D.B.Wigley
Key ref:
M.R.Singleton et al. (2001). Structural analysis of DNA replication fork reversal by RecG. Cell, 107, 79-89. PubMed id: 11595187 DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00501-3
Date:
11-Sep-01     Release date:   03-Oct-01    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Q9WY48  (Q9WY48_THEMA) -  ATP-dependent DNA helicase
Seq:
Struc: 		 
Seq:
Struc: 		780 a.a.
729 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Biological process     DNA repair   2 terms 
  Biochemical function     nucleotide binding     7 terms  

 

 
DOI no: 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00501-3 Cell 107:79-89 (2001)
PubMed id: 11595187  
 
 
Structural analysis of DNA replication fork reversal by RecG.
M.R.Singleton, S.Scaife, D.B.Wigley.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The stalling of DNA replication forks that occurs as a consequence of encountering DNA damage is a critical problem for cells. RecG protein is involved in the processing of stalled replication forks, and acts by reversing the fork past the damage to create a four-way junction that allows template switching and lesion bypass. We have determined the crystal structure of RecG bound to a DNA substrate that mimics a stalled replication fork. The structure not only reveals the elegant mechanism used by the protein to recognize junctions but has also trapped the protein in the initial stage of fork reversal. We propose a mechanism for how forks are processed by RecG to facilitate replication fork restart. In addition, this structure suggests that the mechanism and function of the two largest helicase superfamilies are distinct.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Potential Mechanisms for Recovery of Stalled Replication Forks(A) When a single-strand nick is present in the template, this results in a double-strand break after passage of the replication fork. This is thought to be repaired by the actions of RecA and RecBCD proteins to form a Holliday junction intermediate, which is then migrated and resolved by either the RuvABC complex or RecG. PriA protein then mediates reassembly of the replisome.(B) When a base lesion is encountered, the replisome stalls and disassembles. The fork is then repaired either by (i) RecA and RecFOR, followed by Holliday junction resolution and reestablishment of the fork by PriA, or (ii) RecG-mediated fork reversal to a “chicken foot” intermediate to allow template switching, followed by regression of the fork and PriA-mediated replisome assembly. It is this latter pathway that is thought to be the principal role of RecG in vivo. Adapted from Cox et al. (2000) and McGlynn and Lloyd (2000) 		Figure 3.
Figure 3. Interaction between the Protein and the Junction(A) Details of the interaction between the protein (silver) and DNA (pale blue) showing how aromatic interactions (Phe204 and Tyr208, colored gold) stabilize the orphan bases (a10 and b10, colored green) at the junction. The flipped out base (b11) is shown in magenta.(B) Surface representation of the interaction with the DNA substrate in the same orientation as (A) illustrating how the fork is split across the surface of the wedge domain. Positive potential on the surface is colored blue and negative potential in red. The DNA is shown overlaid in atom colors in stick representation. This figure was prepared using GRASP (Nicholls and Honig, 1991)
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Cell Press: Cell (2001, 107, 79-89) copyright 2001.  
  Figures were selected by the author.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21324673 T.Yusufzai, and J.T.Kadonaga (2011).
Branching out with DNA helicases.
  Curr Opin Genet Dev, 21, 214-218.  
19948885 A.Blastyák, I.Hajdú, I.Unk, and L.Haracska (2010).
Role of double-stranded DNA translocase activity of human HLTF in replication of damaged DNA.
  Mol Cell Biol, 30, 684-693.  
20089461 A.V.Mazin, O.M.Mazina, D.V.Bugreev, and M.J.Rossi (2010).
Rad54, the motor of homologous recombination.
  DNA Repair (Amst), 9, 286-302.  
20215438 G.J.Nora, N.A.Buncher, and P.L.Opresko (2010).
Telomeric protein TRF2 protects Holliday junctions with telomeric arms from displacement by the Werner syndrome helicase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 38, 3984-3998.  
20658707 H.Masai, T.Tanaka, and D.Kohda (2010).
Stalled replication forks: making ends meet for recognition and stabilization.
  Bioessays, 32, 687-697.  
20304994 J.E.Long, S.C.Massoni, and S.J.Sandler (2010).
RecA4142 causes SOS constitutive expression by loading onto reversed replication forks in Escherichia coli K-12.
  J Bacteriol, 192, 2575-2582.  
20157002 J.Zhang, A.A.Mahdi, G.S.Briggs, and R.G.Lloyd (2010).
Promoting and avoiding recombination: contrasting activities of the Escherichia coli RuvABC Holliday junction resolvase and RecG DNA translocase.
  Genetics, 185, 23-37.  
20159463 K.Kitano, S.Y.Kim, and T.Hakoshima (2010).
Structural basis for DNA strand separation by the unconventional winged-helix domain of RecQ helicase WRN.
  Structure, 18, 177-187.
PDB code: 3aaf
20110368 S.D.Taylor, A.Solem, J.Kawaoka, and A.M.Pyle (2010).
The NPH-II helicase displays efficient DNA x RNA helicase activity and a pronounced purine sequence bias.
  J Biol Chem, 285, 11692-11703.  
20192763 W.Yang (2010).
Lessons learned from UvrD helicase: mechanism for directional movement.
  Annu Rev Biophys, 39, 367-385.  
19538444 C.J.Rudolph, A.L.Upton, L.Harris, and R.G.Lloyd (2009).
Pathological replication in cells lacking RecG DNA translocase.
  Mol Microbiol, 73, 352-366.  
19608746 E.M.Warren, H.Huang, E.Fanning, W.J.Chazin, and B.F.Eichman (2009).
Physical interactions between Mcm10, DNA, and DNA polymerase alpha.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 24662-24672.
PDB code: 3h15
19406929 J.Atkinson, and P.McGlynn (2009).
Replication fork reversal and the maintenance of genome stability.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 3475-3492.  
19173290 M.J.McCauley, and M.C.Williams (2009).
Optical tweezers experiments resolve distinct modes of DNA-protein binding.
  Biopolymers, 91, 265-282.  
19767856 Y.Wu, W.Chen, Y.Zhao, H.Xu, and Y.Hua (2009).
Involvement of RecG in H2O2-induced damage repair in Deinococcus radiodurans.
  Can J Microbiol, 55, 841-848.  
18573084 A.M.Pyle (2008).
Translocation and unwinding mechanisms of RNA and DNA helicases.
  Annu Rev Biophys, 37, 317-336.  
18986999 J.A.Buss, Y.Kimura, and P.R.Bianco (2008).
RecG interacts directly with SSB: implications for stalled replication fork regression.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 7029-7042.  
18375550 J.Kang, and M.J.Blaser (2008).
Repair and antirepair DNA helicases in Helicobacter pylori.
  J Bacteriol, 190, 4218-4224.  
18843105 K.Gari, C.Décaillet, M.Delannoy, L.Wu, and A.Constantinou (2008).
Remodeling of DNA replication structures by the branch point translocase FANCM.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 16107-16112.  
18668125 K.Saikrishnan, S.P.Griffiths, N.Cook, R.Court, and D.B.Wigley (2008).
DNA binding to RecD: role of the 1B domain in SF1B helicase activity.
  EMBO J, 27, 2222-2229.
PDB codes: 3e1s 3k70
18689438 K.V.Kepple, N.Patel, P.Salamon, and A.M.Segall (2008).
Interactions between branched DNAs and peptide inhibitors of DNA repair.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 5319-5334.  
  18652472 M.J.McCauley, L.Shokri, J.Sefcikova, C.Venclovas, P.J.Beuning, and M.C.Williams (2008).
Distinct double- and single-stranded DNA binding of E. coli replicative DNA polymerase III alpha subunit.
  ACS Chem Biol, 3, 577-587.  
19052323 M.S.Dillingham, and S.C.Kowalczykowski (2008).
RecBCD enzyme and the repair of double-stranded DNA breaks.
  Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 72, 642.  
18937104 R.D.Shereda, A.G.Kozlov, T.M.Lohman, M.M.Cox, and J.L.Keck (2008).
SSB as an organizer/mobilizer of genome maintenance complexes.
  Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol, 43, 289-318.  
18414490 T.M.Lohman, E.J.Tomko, and C.G.Wu (2008).
Non-hexameric DNA helicases and translocases: mechanisms and regulation.
  Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 9, 391-401.  
18276648 Y.Yang, S.X.Dou, H.Ren, P.Y.Wang, X.D.Zhang, M.Qian, B.Y.Pan, and X.G.Xi (2008).
Evidence for a functional dimeric form of the PcrA helicase in DNA unwinding.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 1976-1989.  
18296528 Z.Li, S.Lu, G.Hou, X.Ma, D.Sheng, J.Ni, and Y.Shen (2008).
Hjm/Hel308A DNA helicase from Sulfolobus tokodaii promotes replication fork regression and interacts with Hjc endonuclease in vitro.
  J Bacteriol, 190, 3006-3017.  
17329375 A.J.Smith, M.D.Szczelkun, and N.J.Savery (2007).
Controlling the motor activity of a transcription-repair coupling factor: autoinhibition and the role of RNA polymerase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 1802-1811.  
17239578 A.M.Deaconescu, N.Savery, and S.A.Darst (2007).
The bacterial transcription repair coupling factor.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 17, 96.  
17878153 I.D.Kerr, S.Sivakolundu, Z.Li, J.C.Buchsbaum, L.A.Knox, R.Kriwacki, and S.W.White (2007).
Crystallographic and NMR analyses of UvsW and UvsW.1 from bacteriophage T4.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 34392-34400.
PDB codes: 2jpn 2oca
17558417 K.Büttner, S.Nehring, and K.P.Hopfner (2007).
Structural basis for DNA duplex separation by a superfamily-2 helicase.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 14, 647-652.
PDB codes: 2p6r 2p6u
17506634 M.R.Singleton, M.S.Dillingham, and D.B.Wigley (2007).
Structure and mechanism of helicases and nucleic acid translocases.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 76, 23-50.  
17823128 M.R.Webb, J.L.Plank, D.T.Long, T.S.Hsieh, and K.N.Kreuzer (2007).
The phage T4 protein UvsW drives Holliday junction branch migration.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 34401-34411.  
17572090 N.J.Savery (2007).
The molecular mechanism of transcription-coupled DNA repair.
  Trends Microbiol, 15, 326-333.  
17545145 O.M.Mazina, M.J.Rossi, N.H.Thomaä, and A.V.Mazin (2007).
Interactions of human rad54 protein with branched DNA molecules.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 21068-21080.  
17416902 O.N.Voloshin, and R.D.Camerini-Otero (2007).
The DinG protein from Escherichia coli is a structure-specific helicase.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 18437-18447.  
17525736 S.Karamanou, G.Gouridis, E.Papanikou, G.Sianidis, I.Gelis, D.Keramisanou, E.Vrontou, C.G.Kalodimos, and A.Economou (2007).
Preprotein-controlled catalysis in the helicase motor of SecA.
  EMBO J, 26, 2904-2914.  
17292398 S.L.Slocum, J.A.Buss, Y.Kimura, and P.R.Bianco (2007).
Characterization of the ATPase activity of the Escherichia coli RecG protein reveals that the preferred cofactor is negatively supercoiled DNA.
  J Mol Biol, 367, 647-664.  
17386269 S.Sun, K.Kondabagil, P.M.Gentz, M.G.Rossmann, and V.B.Rao (2007).
The structure of the ATPase that powers DNA packaging into bacteriophage T4 procapsids.
  Mol Cell, 25, 943-949.
PDB codes: 2o0h 2o0j 2o0k
17092935 S.W.Nelson, and S.J.Benkovic (2007).
The T4 phage UvsW protein contains both DNA unwinding and strand annealing activities.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 407-416.  
16469698 A.M.Deaconescu, A.L.Chambers, A.J.Smith, B.E.Nickels, A.Hochschild, N.J.Savery, and S.A.Darst (2006).
Structural basis for bacterial transcription-coupled DNA repair.
  Cell, 124, 507-520.
PDB code: 2eyq
16463312 A.Oleksy, A.Oleksi, A.G.Blanco, R.Boer, I.Usón, J.Aymamí, A.Rodger, M.J.Hannon, and M.Coll (2006).
Molecular recognition of a three-way DNA junction by a metallosupramolecular helicate.
  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 45, 1227-1231.
PDB code: 2et0
16723979 A.Saha, J.Wittmeyer, and B.R.Cairns (2006).
Chromatin remodelling: the industrial revolution of DNA around histones.
  Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 7, 437-447.  
16935875 H.Dürr, A.Flaus, T.Owen-Hughes, and K.P.Hopfner (2006).
Snf2 family ATPases and DExx box helicases: differences and unifying concepts from high-resolution crystal structures.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 4160-4167.  
16548027 J.Müller, and B.Lippert (2006).
Imposing a three-way junction on DNA or recognizing one: a metal triple helicate meets double helix.
  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 45, 2503-2505.  
16885271 J.M.Gore, F.A.Ran, and L.N.Ornston (2006).
Deletion mutations caused by DNA strand slippage in Acinetobacter baylyi.
  Appl Environ Microbiol, 72, 5239-5245.  
16551743 J.S.Park, and J.W.Roberts (2006).
Role of DNA bubble rewinding in enzymatic transcription termination.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 4870-4875.  
16600867 L.Fan, A.S.Arvai, P.K.Cooper, S.Iwai, F.Hanaoka, and J.A.Tainer (2006).
Conserved XPB core structure and motifs for DNA unwinding: implications for pathway selection of transcription or excision repair.
  Mol Cell, 22, 27-37.
PDB codes: 2fwr 2fz4 2fzl
16642041 L.K.Stanley, R.Seidel, C.van der Scheer, N.H.Dekker, M.D.Szczelkun, and C.Dekker (2006).
When a helicase is not a helicase: dsDNA tracking by the motor protein EcoR124I.
  EMBO J, 25, 2230-2239.  
16856806 L.Wu, and I.D.Hickson (2006).
DNA helicases required for homologous recombination and repair of damaged replication forks.
  Annu Rev Genet, 40, 279-306.  
17003056 R.Kanagaraj, N.Saydam, P.L.Garcia, L.Zheng, and P.Janscak (2006).
Human RECQ5beta helicase promotes strand exchange on synthetic DNA structures resembling a stalled replication fork.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 5217-5231.  
16354656 T.Tanaka, and H.Masai (2006).
Stabilization of a stalled replication fork by concerted actions of two helicases.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 3484-3493.  
16935872 W.D.Heyer, X.Li, M.Rolfsmeier, and X.P.Zhang (2006).
Rad54: the Swiss Army knife of homologous recombination?
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 4115-4125.  
16507576 X.D.Zhang, S.X.Dou, P.Xie, J.S.Hu, P.Y.Wang, and X.G.Xi (2006).
Escherichia coli RecQ is a rapid, efficient, and monomeric helicase.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 12655-12663.  
15687384 A.J.Smith, and N.J.Savery (2005).
RNA polymerase mutants defective in the initiation of transcription-coupled DNA repair.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 755-764.  
15695524 G.S.Briggs, A.A.Mahdi, Q.Wen, and R.G.Lloyd (2005).
DNA binding by the substrate specificity (wedge) domain of RecG helicase suggests a role in processivity.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 13921-13927.  
15882619 H.Dürr, C.Körner, M.Müller, V.Hickmann, and K.P.Hopfner (2005).
X-ray structures of the Sulfolobus solfataricus SWI2/SNF2 ATPase core and its complex with DNA.
  Cell, 121, 363-373.
PDB codes: 1z5z 1z63 1z6a
16020779 H.Sanchez, D.Kidane, P.Reed, F.A.Curtis, M.C.Cozar, P.L.Graumann, G.J.Sharples, and J.C.Alonso (2005).
The RuvAB branch migration translocase and RecU Holliday junction resolvase are required for double-stranded DNA break repair in Bacillus subtilis.
  Genetics, 171, 873-883.  
15792496 K.N.Kreuzer (2005).
Interplay between DNA replication and recombination in prokaryotes.
  Annu Rev Microbiol, 59, 43-67.  
15867153 K.V.Kepple, J.L.Boldt, and A.M.Segall (2005).
Holliday junction-binding peptides inhibit distinct junction-processing enzymes.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 6867-6872.  
16340008 M.C.Zittel, and J.L.Keck (2005).
Coupling DNA-binding and ATP hydrolysis in Escherichia coli RecQ: role of a highly conserved aromatic-rich sequence.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 6982-6991.  
15806108 N.H.Thomä, B.K.Czyzewski, A.A.Alexeev, A.V.Mazin, S.C.Kowalczykowski, and N.P.Pavletich (2005).
Structure of the SWI2/SNF2 chromatin-remodeling domain of eukaryotic Rad54.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 12, 350-356.
PDB code: 1z3i
15642269 T.Nishino, K.Komori, D.Tsuchiya, Y.Ishino, and K.Morikawa (2005).
Crystal structure and functional implications of Pyrococcus furiosus hef helicase domain involved in branched DNA processing.
  Structure, 13, 143-153.
PDB code: 1wp9
16002295 T.S.Takahashi, D.B.Wigley, and J.C.Walter (2005).
Pumps, paradoxes and ploughshares: mechanism of the MCM2-7 DNA helicase.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 30, 437-444.  
15196463 A.Flaus, and T.Owen-Hughes (2004).
Mechanisms for ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling: farewell to the tuna-can octamer?
  Curr Opin Genet Dev, 14, 165-173.  
15133043 B.Macao, M.Olsson, and P.Elias (2004).
Functional properties of the herpes simplex virus type I origin-binding protein are controlled by precise interactions with the activated form of the origin of DNA replication.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 29211-29217.  
14756780 C.Loot, C.Turlan, and M.Chandler (2004).
Host processing of branched DNA intermediates is involved in targeted transposition of IS911.
  Mol Microbiol, 51, 385-393.  
15306008 C.Turlan, C.Loot, and M.Chandler (2004).
IS911 partial transposition products and their processing by the Escherichia coli RecG helicase.
  Mol Microbiol, 53, 1021-1033.  
14872062 D.J.Richard, S.D.Bell, and M.F.White (2004).
Physical and functional interaction of the archaeal single-stranded DNA-binding protein SSB with RNA polymerase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 1065-1074.  
15062081 E.A.Sickmier, K.N.Kreuzer, and S.W.White (2004).
The crystal structure of the UvsW helicase from bacteriophage T4.
  Structure, 12, 583-592.
PDB code: 1rif
15065656 G.S.Briggs, A.A.Mahdi, G.R.Weller, Q.Wen, and R.G.Lloyd (2004).
Interplay between DNA replication, recombination and repair based on the structure of RecG helicase.
  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 359, 49-59.  
15063847 J.Roberts, and J.S.Park (2004).
Mfd, the bacterial transcription repair coupling factor: translocation, repair and termination.
  Curr Opin Microbiol, 7, 120-125.  
14701860 M.E.Robu, R.B.Inman, and M.M.Cox (2004).
Situational repair of replication forks: roles of RecG and RecA proteins.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 10973-10981.  
15256542 P.L.Garcia, G.Bradley, C.J.Hayes, S.Krintel, P.Soultanas, and P.Janscak (2004).
RPA alleviates the inhibitory effect of vinylphosphonate internucleotide linkages on DNA unwinding by BLM and WRN helicases.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 3771-3778.  
15139802 S.E.Halford, A.J.Welsh, and M.D.Szczelkun (2004).
Enzyme-mediated DNA looping.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 33, 1.  
15049815 T.R.Meddows, A.P.Savory, and R.G.Lloyd (2004).
RecG helicase promotes DNA double-strand break repair.
  Mol Microbiol, 52, 119-132.  
12554672 A.A.Mahdi, G.S.Briggs, G.J.Sharples, Q.Wen, and R.G.Lloyd (2003).
A model for dsDNA translocation revealed by a structural motif common to RecG and Mfd proteins.
  EMBO J, 22, 724-734.  
12581655 A.Changela, K.Perry, B.Taneja, and A.Mondragón (2003).
DNA manipulators: caught in the act.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 13, 15-22.  
14602898 A.L.Chambers, A.J.Smith, and N.J.Savery (2003).
A DNA translocation motif in the bacterial transcription--repair coupling factor, Mfd.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 31, 6409-6418.  
14517231 D.A.Bernstein, M.C.Zittel, and J.L.Keck (2003).
High-resolution structure of the E.coli RecQ helicase catalytic core.
  EMBO J, 22, 4910-4921.
PDB codes: 1oyw 1oyy
12598368 D.L.Theobald, R.M.Mitton-Fry, and D.S.Wuttke (2003).
Nucleic acid recognition by OB-fold proteins.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 32, 115-133.  
12441335 H.Yokoyama, H.Kurumizaka, S.Ikawa, S.Yokoyama, and T.Shibata (2003).
Holliday junction binding activity of the human Rad51B protein.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 2767-2772.  
12773373 I.D.Kerr, R.I.Wadsworth, L.Cubeddu, W.Blankenfeldt, J.H.Naismith, and M.F.White (2003).
Insights into ssDNA recognition by the OB fold from a structural and thermodynamic study of Sulfolobus SSB protein.
  EMBO J, 22, 2561-2570.
PDB code: 1o7i
12612068 I.Whitehouse, C.Stockdale, A.Flaus, M.D.Szczelkun, and T.Owen-Hughes (2003).
Evidence for DNA translocation by the ISWI chromatin-remodeling enzyme.
  Mol Cell Biol, 23, 1935-1945.  
12581361 R.P.Jaktaji, and R.G.Lloyd (2003).
PriA supports two distinct pathways for replication restart in UV-irradiated Escherichia coli cells.
  Mol Microbiol, 47, 1091-1100.  
12917421 T.Mizukoshi, T.Tanaka, K.Arai, D.Kohda, and H.Masai (2003).
A critical role of the 3' terminus of nascent DNA chains in recognition of stalled replication forks.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 42234-42239.  
12554673 T.Moore, P.McGlynn, H.P.Ngo, G.J.Sharples, and R.G.Lloyd (2003).
The RdgC protein of Escherichia coli binds DNA and counters a toxic effect of RecFOR in strains lacking the replication restart protein PriA.
  EMBO J, 22, 735-745.  
12622722 T.Tanaka, C.Taniyama, K.Arai, and H.Masai (2003).
ATPase/helicase motif mutants of Escherichia coli PriA protein essential for recombination-dependent DNA replication.
  Genes Cells, 8, 251-261.  
12446112 A.J.Osborn, S.J.Elledge, and L.Zou (2002).
Checking on the fork: the DNA-replication stress-response pathway.
  Trends Cell Biol, 12, 509-516.  
12411580 B.Nanduri, A.K.Byrd, R.L.Eoff, A.J.Tackett, and K.D.Raney (2002).
Pre-steady-state DNA unwinding by bacteriophage T4 Dda helicase reveals a monomeric molecular motor.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 14722-14727.  
12138197 C.Lundin, K.Erixon, C.Arnaudeau, N.Schultz, D.Jenssen, M.Meuth, and T.Helleday (2002).
Different roles for nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination following replication arrest in mammalian cells.
  Mol Cell Biol, 22, 5869-5878.  
12150918 E.L.Bolt, and R.G.Lloyd (2002).
Substrate specificity of RusA resolvase reveals the DNA structures targeted by RuvAB and RecG in vivo.
  Mol Cell, 10, 187-198.  
12028381 G.Grompone, M.Seigneur, S.D.Ehrlich, and B.Michel (2002).
Replication fork reversal in DNA polymerase III mutants of Escherichia coli: a role for the beta clamp.
  Mol Microbiol, 44, 1331-1339.  
11972790 G.J.Sharples, E.L.Bolt, and R.G.Lloyd (2002).
RusA proteins from the extreme thermophile Aquifex aeolicus and lactococcal phage r1t resolve Holliday junctions.
  Mol Microbiol, 44, 549-559.  
11931756 H.L.Klein, and K.N.Kreuzer (2002).
Replication, recombination, and repair: going for the gold.
  Mol Cell, 9, 471-480.  
12228710 H.Yang, P.D.Jeffrey, J.Miller, E.Kinnucan, Y.Sun, N.H.Thoma, N.Zheng, P.L.Chen, W.H.Lee, and N.P.Pavletich (2002).
BRCA2 function in DNA binding and recombination from a BRCA2-DSS1-ssDNA structure.
  Science, 297, 1837-1848.
PDB codes: 1iyj 1miu 1mje
12142537 J.M.Sogo, M.Lopes, and M.Foiani (2002).
Fork reversal and ssDNA accumulation at stalled replication forks owing to checkpoint defects.
  Science, 297, 599-602.  
12086674 J.S.Park, M.T.Marr, and J.W.Roberts (2002).
E. coli Transcription repair coupling factor (Mfd protein) rescues arrested complexes by promoting forward translocation.
  Cell, 109, 757-767.  
11889086 M.R.Singleton, and D.B.Wigley (2002).
Modularity and specialization in superfamily 1 and 2 helicases.
  J Bacteriol, 184, 1819-1826.  
12415303 P.McGlynn, and R.G.Lloyd (2002).
Recombinational repair and restart of damaged replication forks.
  Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 3, 859-870.  
  12142010 P.McGlynn, and R.G.Lloyd (2002).
Genome stability and the processing of damaged replication forks by RecG.
  Trends Genet, 18, 413-419.  
11874468 S.M.Ingleston, M.J.Dickman, J.A.Grasby, D.P.Hornby, G.J.Sharples, and R.G.Lloyd (2002).
Holliday junction binding and processing by the RuvA protein of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
  Eur J Biochem, 269, 1525-1533.  
12151393 T.Tanaka, T.Mizukoshi, C.Taniyama, D.Kohda, K.Arai, and H.Masai (2002).
DNA binding of PriA protein requires cooperation of the N-terminal D-loop/arrested-fork binding and C-terminal helicase domains.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 38062-38071.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.