spacer
spacer
Go to PDB code: 
protein ligands Protein-protein interface(s) links
Hydrolase PDB-id
1gkc
Asymmetric unit
Main view
    Jmol     Help!  
Contents
Description
Header details
Header records
References
PROCHECK
Protein chains
159 a.a. *
Ligands
BUM-STN ×2
Metal ions
_CA ×10
_ZN ×4
Waters ×120

* Residue conservation analysis
Tools
Image Generation
AstexViewer™@PDBe
Run PROCHECK
Clefts Calculation
  
  Biological unit, tetramer
- as defined in PDB file (see also PQS)
PDB id: 1gkc
Name: Hydrolase
Title: Mmp9-inhibitor complex

Structure:
92 kda type iv collagenase. Chain: a, b. Fragment: catalytic domain residues 107-215,391-443. Synonym: mmp-9,92 kda gelatinase, gelatinase b, matrix metalloproteinase-9. Engineered: yes

Source:
Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562

Biological unit:
Monomer (from PDB file)

UniProt:
Chains A, B: P14780 (MMP9_HUMAN)
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
Seq:
Struc:
Seq:
Struc:
Seq: 707 a.a.
Struc: 159 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain
 Secondary structure  CATH domain

Enzyme class:
E.C.3.4.24.35   [IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]

Reaction:
Cleavage of gelatin types I and V and collagen types IV and V.

Cofactor:
Calcium; Zinc

Resolution:
2.3Å

R-factor:
0.207

R-free:
0.239

Authors:
S.Rowsell,R.A.Pauptit

Key ref:
S.Rowsell et al. (2002). Crystal structure of human MMP9 in complex with a reverse hydroxamate inhibitor.. J Mol Biol, 319, 173-181. [PubMed id: 12051944] [DOI: 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00262-0]

Date:
10-Aug-01

Release date:
16-May-02
Quick_links
RCSB
PDBe
SRS
MMDB
JenaLib
OCA
PDBWiki
Proteopedia
CATH
SCOP
FSSP
HSSP
PDBSWS
PQS
CSA
PROCOGNATE
ProSAT
Whatcheck
EDS
Procheck
Go to PROCHECK summary
Clefts
Clefts
Surface
RasMol surface
spacer
spacer

 
    Key reference    
 
 
DOI no: 10.1016/S0022-2836(02)00262-0 J Mol Biol 319:173-181 (2002)
PubMed id: 12051944  
 
 
Crystal structure of human MMP9 in complex with a reverse hydroxamate inhibitor.
S.Rowsell, P.Hawtin, C.A.Minshull, H.Jepson, S.M.Brockbank, D.G.Barratt, A.M.Slater, W.L.McPheat, D.Waterson, A.M.Henney, R.A.Pauptit.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors are important in connective tissue re-modelling in diseases of the cardiovascular system, such as atherosclerosis. Various members of the MMP family have been shown to be expressed in atherosclerotic lesions, but MMP9 is consistently seen in inflammatory atherosclerotic lesions. MMP9 over-expression is implicated in the vascular re-modelling events preceding plaque rupture (the most common cause of acute myocardial infarction). Reduced MMP9 activity, either by genetic manipulation or through pharmacological intervention, has an impact on ventricular re-modelling following infarction. MMP9 activity may therefore represent a key mechanism in the pathogenesis of heart failure. We have determined the crystal structure, at 2.3 A resolution, of the catalytic domain of human MMP9 bound to a peptidic reverse hydroxamate inhibitor as well as the complex of the same inhibitor bound to an active-site mutant (E402Q) at 2.1 A resolution. MMP9 adopts the typical MMP fold. The catalytic centre is composed of the active-site zinc ion, co-ordinated by three histidine residues (401, 405 and 411) and the essential glutamic acid residue (402). The main differences between the catalytic domains of various MMPs occur in the S1' subsite or selectivity pocket. The S1' specificity site in MMP9 is perhaps best described as a tunnel leading toward solvent, as in MMP2 and MMP13, as opposed to the smaller pocket found in fibroblast collagenase and matrilysin. The present structure enables us to aid the design of potent and specific inhibitors for this important cardiovascular disease target.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 4.
Figure 4. GRASP representation of wild-type MMP9 active site pocket with bound ligand. The enzyme surface is coloured by electrostatic potential, blue for positive and red for negative. Figure generated using the program GRASP.34
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Stereo diagrams of the MMP9 active site. (a) Close-up of the wild-type MMP9 complex. A short (2.7 Å) hydrogen bond is formed between Glu402 and the inhibitor. (b) Close-up of the MMP9 (E402Q) mutant complex together with a portion of the (2F[o] -F[c]) electron density map. (c) Superposition of the mutant and wild-type active sites. The mutant structure is coloured as in (b); the wild-type structure is coloured dark grey. The structure is perturbed little on introduction of the mutation. The short hydrogen bond to the inhibitor seen in the wild-type complex is absent from the mutated structure (the corresponding atoms are 3.7 Å apart). This Figure was generated using BOBSCRIPT.31
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Elsevier: J Mol Biol (2002, 319, 173-181) copyright 2002.  
  Figures were selected by an automated process.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
19065645 M.Jagodzinska, F.Huguenot, G.Candiani, and M.Zanda (2009).
Assessing the bioisosterism of the trifluoromethyl group with a protease probe.
  ChemMedChem, 4, 49-51.  
19707688 M.Rouffet, C.Denhez, E.Bourguet, F.Bohr, and D.Guillaume (2009).
In silico study of MMP inhibition.
  Org Biomol Chem, 7, 3817-3825.  
18554254 M.Fernández, L.Fernández, J.Caballero, J.I.Abreu, and G.Reyes (2008).
Proteochemometric modeling of the inhibition complexes of matrix metalloproteinases with N-hydroxy-2-[(phenylsulfonyl)amino]acetamide derivatives using topological autocorrelation interaction matrix and model ensemble averaging.
  Chem Biol Drug Des, 72, 65-78.  
17660250 A.B.Hamze, S.Wei, H.Bahudhanapati, S.Kota, K.R.Acharya, and K.Brew (2007).
Constraining specificity in the N-domain of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1; gelatinase-selective inhibitors.
  Protein Sci, 16, 1905-1913.  
17333483 A.Khandelwal, and S.Balaz (2007).
Improved estimation of ligand-macromolecule binding affinities by linear response approach using a combination of multi-mode MD simulation and QM/MM methods.
  J Comput Aided Mol Des, 21, 131-137.  
17623656 A.R.Johnson, A.G.Pavlovsky, D.F.Ortwine, F.Prior, C.F.Man, D.A.Bornemeier, C.A.Banotai, W.T.Mueller, P.McConnell, C.Yan, V.Baragi, C.Lesch, W.H.Roark, M.Wilson, K.Datta, R.Guzman, H.K.Han, and R.D.Dyer (2007).
Discovery and characterization of a novel inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease-13 that reduces cartilage damage in vivo without joint fibroplasia side effects.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 27781-27791.
PDB codes: 2ow9 2ozr
17090320 L.R.Pal, and C.Guda (2006).
Tracing the origin of functional and conserved domains in the human proteome: implications for protein evolution at the modular level.
  BMC Evol Biol, 6, 91.  
  17357475 Y.Zhao, W.Feng, Y.Yang, L.Ling, and R.Chen (2006).
Comparison of properties of tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) and some matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) in catalytic domains.
  J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci, 26, 637-639.  
15900322 A.L.Banerjee, S.Tobwala, M.K.Haldar, M.Swanson, B.C.Roy, S.Mallik, and D.K.Srivastava (2005).
Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 by "multi-prong" surface binding groups.
  Chem Commun (Camb), 0, 2549-2551.  
15849365 H.Yi, J.Gruszczynska-Biegala, D.Wood, Z.Zhao, and A.Zolkiewska (2005).
Cooperation of the metalloprotease, disintegrin, and cysteine-rich domains of ADAM12 during inhibition of myogenic differentiation.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 23475-23483.  
14718924 B.E.Turk, T.Y.Wong, R.Schwarzenbacher, E.T.Jarrell, S.H.Leppla, R.J.Collier, R.C.Liddington, and L.C.Cantley (2004).
The structural basis for substrate and inhibitor selectivity of the anthrax lethal factor.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 11, 60-66.
PDB codes: 1pwq 1pwu 1pwv 1pww
15601584 I.Svab, D.Alexandru, G.Vitos, and M.L.Flonta (2004).
Binding affinities for sulfonamide inhibitors with matrix metalloproteinase-2 using a linear response method.
  J Cell Mol Med, 8, 551-562.  
14732707 V.Lukacova, Y.Zhang, M.Mackov, P.Baricic, S.Raha, J.A.Calvo, and S.Balaz (2004).
Similarity of binding sites of human matrix metalloproteinases.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 14194-14200.  
14532275 H.I.Park, Y.Jin, D.R.Hurst, C.A.Monroe, S.Lee, M.A.Schwartz, and Q.X.Sang (2003).
The intermediate S1' pocket of the endometase/matrilysin-2 active site revealed by enzyme inhibition kinetic studies, protein sequence analyses, and homology modeling.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 51646-51653.  
12621040 S.Steinbacher, J.Kaiser, W.Eisenreich, R.Huber, A.Bacher, and F.Rohdich (2003).
Structural basis of fosmidomycin action revealed by the complex with 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate synthase (IspC). Implications for the catalytic mechanism and anti-malaria drug development.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 18401-18407.
PDB codes: 1onn 1ono 1onp
12887053 W.Bode, and K.Maskos (2003).
Structural basis of the matrix metalloproteinases and their physiological inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases.
  Biol Chem, 384, 863-872.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB codes are shown on the right.