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Complex (transferase/cyclin) PDB id
1fin
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
298 a.a. *
260 a.a. *
Ligands
ATP ×2
Waters ×416
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1fin
Name: Complex (transferase/cyclin)
Title: Cyclin a-cyclin-dependent kinase 2 complex
Structure: Cyclin-dependent kinase 2. Chain: a, c. Synonym: cdk2. Engineered: yes. Cyclin a. Chain: b, d. Fragment: residues 173 - 432. Engineered: yes
Source: Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606. Cell_line: sf9. Expressed in: spodoptera frugiperda. Expression_system_taxid: 7108. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562. Other_details: the fragment used in the crystallization
Biol. unit: Dimer (from PQS)
Resolution:
2.30Å     R-factor:   0.208    
Authors: P.D.Jeffrey,A.A.Russo,N.P.Pavletich
Key ref: P.D.Jeffrey et al. (1995). Mechanism of CDK activation revealed by the structure of a cyclinA-CDK2 complex. Nature, 376, 313-320. PubMed id: 7630397 DOI: 10.1038/376313a0
Date:
14-Jul-96     Release date:   27-Jan-97    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P24941  (CDK2_HUMAN) -  Cyclin-dependent kinase 2
Seq:
Struc:
298 a.a.
298 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P20248  (CCNA2_HUMAN) -  Cyclin-A2
Seq:
Struc:
432 a.a.
260 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: Chains A, C: E.C.2.7.11.22  - Cyclin-dependent kinase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein
ATP
Bound ligand (Het Group name = ATP)
corresponds exactly
+ protein
= ADP
+ phosphoprotein
Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the KEGG ftp site
 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex   15 terms 
  Biological process     regulation of gene silencing   34 terms 
  Biochemical function     nucleotide binding     13 terms  

 

 
    reference    
 
 
DOI no: 10.1038/376313a0 Nature 376:313-320 (1995)
PubMed id: 7630397  
 
 
Mechanism of CDK activation revealed by the structure of a cyclinA-CDK2 complex.
P.D.Jeffrey, A.A.Russo, K.Polyak, E.Gibbs, J.Hurwitz, J.Massagué, N.P.Pavletich.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The crystal structure of the human cyclinA-cyclin-dependent kinase2 (CDK2)-ATP complex has been determined at 2.3 A resolution. CyclinA binds to one side of CDK2's catalytic cleft, inducing large conformational changes in its PSTAIRE helix and T-loop. These changes activate the kinase by realigning active site residues and relieving the steric blockade at the entrance of the catalytic cleft.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
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Crystal structure of inhibitor of κB kinase β.
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PDB codes: 3qa8 3qad 3rzf
21430264 J.D.Sadowsky, M.A.Burlingame, D.W.Wolan, C.L.McClendon, M.P.Jacobson, and J.A.Wells (2011).
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PDB codes: 3orx 3orz 3otu
20836132 J.Węsierska-Gądek, M.Maurer, N.Zulehner, and O.Komina (2011).
Whether to target single or multiple CDKs for therapy? That is the question.
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20938978 M.Mustafa, A.Mirza, and N.Kannan (2011).
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21474065 N.Jura, X.Zhang, N.F.Endres, M.A.Seeliger, T.Schindler, and J.Kuriyan (2011).
Catalytic control in the EGF receptor and its connection to general kinase regulatory mechanisms.
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20971646 S.S.Taylor, and A.P.Kornev (2011).
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Evaluation of the interaction of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 with activator p25 and with p25-derived inhibitor CIP.
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20013135 B.Zhang, Z.C.Su, T.E.Tay, and V.B.Tan (2010).
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Cyclin-dependent kinase-like function is shared by the beta- and gamma- subset of the conserved herpesvirus protein kinases.
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20100936 D.Liu, and R.L.Finley (2010).
Cyclin Y is a novel conserved cyclin essential for development in Drosophila.
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20422242 F.K.Yousafzai, N.Al-Kaff, and G.Moore (2010).
The molecular features of chromosome pairing at meiosis: the polyploid challenge using wheat as a reference.
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20422243 F.K.Yousafzai, N.Al-Kaff, and G.Moore (2010).
Structural and functional relationship between the Ph1 locus protein 5B2 in wheat and CDK2 in mammals.
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Discovery of a distinct domain in cyclin A sufficient for centrosomal localization independently of Cdk binding.
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21105670 I.Buch, D.Fishelovitch, N.London, B.Raveh, H.J.Wolfson, and R.Nussinov (2010).
Allosteric regulation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β: a theoretical study.
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20432069 J.H.Bae, and J.Schlessinger (2010).
Asymmetric tyrosine kinase arrangements in activation or autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases.
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20465793 J.M.Enserink, and R.D.Kolodner (2010).
An overview of Cdk1-controlled targets and processes.
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Putting one step before the other: distinct activation pathways for Cdk1 and Cdk2 bring order to the mammalian cell cycle.
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20575139 K.Engels, C.Beyer, M.L.Suárez Fernández, F.Bender, M.Gassel, G.Unden, R.J.Marhöfer, J.C.Mottram, and P.M.Selzer (2010).
Inhibition of Eimeria tenella CDK-related kinase 2: From target identification to lead compounds.
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20397180 L.Kurzawa, and M.C.Morris (2010).
Cell-cycle markers and biosensors.
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20336692 M.Rabiller, M.Getlik, S.Klüter, A.Richters, S.Tückmantel, J.R.Simard, and D.Rauh (2010).
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20189109 P.Ranjitkar, A.M.Brock, and D.J.Maly (2010).
Affinity reagents that target a specific inactive form of protein kinases.
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20637424 Y.W.Ng, D.Raghunathan, P.M.Chan, Y.Baskaran, D.J.Smith, C.H.Lee, C.Verma, and E.Manser (2010).
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19173306 A.Papakyriakou, D.Vourloumis, F.Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou, and M.Karpusas (2009).
Conformational dynamics of the EGFR kinase domain reveals structural features involved in activation.
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19204278 C.Hyeon, P.A.Jennings, J.A.Adams, and J.N.Onuchic (2009).
Ligand-induced global transitions in the catalytic domain of protein kinase A.
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19415659 D.Raffa, B.Maggio, S.Cascioferro, M.V.Raimondi, G.Daidone, S.Plescia, D.Schillaci, M.G.Cusimano, L.Titone, C.Colomba, and M.Tolomeo (2009).
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Targeting proteins for degradation.
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19513107 E.Zeqiraj, B.M.Filippi, S.Goldie, I.Navratilova, J.Boudeau, M.Deak, D.R.Alessi, and D.M.van Aalten (2009).
ATP and MO25alpha regulate the conformational state of the STRADalpha pseudokinase and activation of the LKB1 tumour suppressor.
  PLoS Biol, 7, e1000126.
PDB code: 3gni
19472269 G.Kontopidis, M.J.Andrews, C.McInnes, A.Plater, L.Innes, S.Renachowski, A.Cowan, and P.M.Fischer (2009).
Truncation and optimisation of peptide inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase 2-cyclin a through structure-guided design.
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PDB codes: 2wev 2wfy 2whb
19124027 I.Westwood, D.M.Cheary, J.E.Baxter, M.W.Richards, R.L.van Montfort, A.M.Fry, and R.Bayliss (2009).
Insights into the conformational variability and regulation of human Nek2 kinase.
  J Mol Biol, 386, 476-485.
PDB codes: 2w5a 2w5b 2w5h
19536107 J.Baselga, and S.M.Swain (2009).
Novel anticancer targets: revisiting ERBB2 and discovering ERBB3.
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19723060 J.Wesierska-Gadek, and V.Krystof (2009).
Selective cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors discriminating between cell cycle and transcriptional kinases: future reality or utopia?
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19703660 K.J.Thomas, and M.R.Cookson (2009).
The role of PTEN-induced kinase 1 in mitochondrial dysfunction and dynamics.
  Int J Biochem Cell Biol, 41, 2025-2035.  
19218424 K.Streckfuss-Bömeke, F.Schulze, B.Herzog, E.Scholz, and G.H.Braus (2009).
Degradation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae transcription factor Gcn4 requires a C-terminal nuclear localization signal in the cyclin Pcl5.
  Eukaryot Cell, 8, 496-510.  
19437469 L.M.Elphick, S.E.Lee, E.S.Child, A.Prasad, C.Pignocchi, S.Thibaudeau, A.A.Anderson, L.Bonnac, V.Gouverneur, and D.J.Mann (2009).
A quantitative comparison of wild-type and gatekeeper mutant cdk2 for chemical genetic studies with ATP analogues.
  Chembiochem, 10, 1519-1526.  
19956600 M.Malakhova, I.Kurinov, K.Liu, D.Zheng, I.D'Angelo, J.H.Shim, V.Steinman, A.M.Bode, and Z.Dong (2009).
Structural diversity of the active N-terminal kinase domain of p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2.
  PLoS One, 4, e8044.
PDB code: 3g51
19039815 M.Orzáez, A.Gortat, L.Mondragón, O.Bachs, and E.Pérez-Payá (2009).
ATP-noncompetitive inhibitors of CDK-cyclin complexes.
  ChemMedChem, 4, 19-24.  
20007378 N.Jura, Y.Shan, X.Cao, D.E.Shaw, and J.Kuriyan (2009).
Structural analysis of the catalytically inactive kinase domain of the human EGF receptor 3.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 21608-21613.
PDB code: 3kex
19710018 P.Corsino, N.Horenstein, D.Ostrov, T.Rowe, M.Law, A.Barrett, G.Aslanidi, W.D.Cress, and B.Law (2009).
A novel class of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors identified by molecular docking act through a unique mechanism.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 29945-29955.  
19237565 P.J.Day, A.Cleasby, I.J.Tickle, M.O'Reilly, J.E.Coyle, F.P.Holding, R.L.McMenamin, J.Yon, R.Chopra, C.Lengauer, and H.Jhoti (2009).
Crystal structure of human CDK4 in complex with a D-type cyclin.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 4166-4170.
PDB codes: 2w96 2w99 2w9f 2w9z
19536080 P.M.Price, R.L.Safirstein, and J.Megyesi (2009).
The cell cycle and acute kidney injury.
  Kidney Int, 76, 604-613.  
19029916 S.Prakash, T.Inobe, A.J.Hatch, and A.Matouschek (2009).
Substrate selection by the proteasome during degradation of protein complexes.
  Nat Chem Biol, 5, 29-36.  
19237555 T.Takaki, A.Echalier, N.R.Brown, T.Hunt, J.A.Endicott, and M.E.Noble (2009).
The structure of CDK4/cyclin D3 has implications for models of CDK activation.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 4171-4176.
PDB code: 3g33
19568789 V.Calleja, M.Laguerre, and B.Larijani (2009).
3-D structure and dynamics of protein kinase B-new mechanism for the allosteric regulation of an AGC kinase.
  J Chem Biol, 2, 11-25.  
19197235 W.Qiu, A.Wernimont, K.Tang, S.Taylor, V.Lunin, M.Schapira, S.Fentress, R.Hui, and L.D.Sibley (2009).
Novel structural and regulatory features of rhoptry secretory kinases in Toxoplasma gondii.
  EMBO J, 28, 969-979.
PDB codes: 3byv 3dzo
19028587 X.Huang, P.Finerty, J.R.Walker, C.Butler-Cole, M.Vedadi, M.Schapira, S.A.Parker, B.E.Turk, D.A.Thompson, and S.Dhe-Paganon (2009).
Structural insights into the inhibited states of the Mer receptor tyrosine kinase.
  J Struct Biol, 165, 88-96.
PDB codes: 2p0c 3bpr 3brb
19357077 Y.J.Xu, and T.J.Kelly (2009).
Autoinhibition and autoactivation of the DNA replication checkpoint kinase cds1.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 16016-16027.  
18408713 A.Degterev, J.Hitomi, M.Germscheid, I.L.Ch'en, O.Korkina, X.Teng, D.Abbott, G.D.Cuny, C.Yuan, G.Wagner, S.M.Hedrick, S.A.Gerber, A.Lugovskoy, and J.Yuan (2008).
Identification of RIP1 kinase as a specific cellular target of necrostatins.
  Nat Chem Biol, 4, 313-321.  
18467589 A.J.Hume, J.S.Finkel, J.P.Kamil, D.M.Coen, M.R.Culbertson, and R.F.Kalejta (2008).
Phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein by viral protein with cyclin-dependent kinase function.
  Science, 320, 797-799.  
19016839 A.R.Mattoo, A.Arora, S.Maiti, and Y.Singh (2008).
Identification, characterization and activation mechanism of a tyrosine kinase of Bacillus anthracis.
  FEBS J, 275, 6237-6247.  
18579784 A.Torkamani, N.Kannan, S.S.Taylor, and N.J.Schork (2008).
Congenital disease SNPs target lineage specific structural elements in protein kinases.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 9011-9016.  
17873913 C.Denicourt, P.Legault, F.A.McNabb, and E.Rassart (2008).
Human and mouse cyclin D2 splice variants: transforming activity and subcellular localization.
  Oncogene, 27, 1253-1262.  
18334220 C.Qiu, M.K.Tarrant, S.H.Choi, A.Sathyamurthy, R.Bose, S.Banjade, A.Pal, W.G.Bornmann, M.A.Lemmon, P.A.Cole, and D.J.Leahy (2008).
Mechanism of activation and inhibition of the HER4/ErbB4 kinase.
  Structure, 16, 460-467.
PDB codes: 3bbt 3bbw 3bce
18593214 C.T.Lee, J.Chen, T.Hayashi, S.Y.Tsai, J.F.Sanchez, S.L.Errico, R.Amable, T.P.Su, R.H.Lowe, M.A.Huestis, J.Shen, K.G.Becker, H.M.Geller, and W.J.Freed (2008).
A mechanism for the inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation by cocaine.
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18632610 D.M.Piscopo, and P.W.Hinds (2008).
A role for the cyclin box in the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of cyclin G1.
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18951093 D.Y.Mao, D.Neculai, M.Downey, S.Orlicky, Y.Z.Haffani, D.F.Ceccarelli, J.S.Ho, R.K.Szilard, W.Zhang, C.S.Ho, L.Wan, C.Fares, S.Rumpel, I.Kurinov, C.H.Arrowsmith, D.Durocher, and F.Sicheri (2008).
Atomic structure of the KEOPS complex: an ancient protein kinase-containing molecular machine.
  Mol Cell, 32, 259-275.
PDB codes: 2k8y 3en9 3enc 3enh 3eno 3enp
17971450 E.J.Kennedy, G.Ghosh, and L.Pillus (2008).
Identification of functionally distinct regions that mediate biological activity of the protein kinase a homolog Tpk2.
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18042686 I.Bártová, J.Koca, and M.Otyepka (2008).
Functional flexibility of human cyclin-dependent kinase-2 and its evolutionary conservation.
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18470542 I.Bártová, J.Koca, and M.Otyepka (2008).
Regulatory phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2: insights from molecular dynamics simulations.
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19061641 K.A.Merrick, S.Larochelle, C.Zhang, J.J.Allen, K.M.Shokat, and R.P.Fisher (2008).
Distinct activation pathways confer cyclin-binding specificity on Cdk1 and Cdk2 in human cells.
  Mol Cell, 32, 662-672.  
18573086 K.M.Ferguson (2008).
Structure-based view of epidermal growth factor receptor regulation.
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18385244 M.Kamata, N.Watanabe, Y.Nagaoka, and I.S.Chen (2008).
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vpr binds to the N lobe of the Wee1 kinase domain and enhances kinase activity for CDC2.
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18031935 M.Landau, and N.Ben-Tal (2008).
Dynamic equilibrium between multiple active and inactive conformations explains regulation and oncogenic mutations in ErbB receptors.
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17985120 M.Suda, T.Ishii, H.Sootome, A.J.King, M.Shibahara, N.Noro, K.Yamashita, and T.Noumi (2008).
A cell-based screening method for specifically detecting kinase activity.
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Analogous regulatory sites within the alphaC-beta4 loop regions of ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase and AGC kinases.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1784, 27-32.  
18221368 R.D.Mills, C.H.Sim, S.S.Mok, T.D.Mulhern, J.G.Culvenor, and H.C.Cheng (2008).
Biochemical aspects of the neuroprotective mechanism of PTEN-induced kinase-1 (PINK1).
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18794371 S.Aviram, E.Simon, T.Gildor, F.Glaser, and D.Kornitzer (2008).
Autophosphorylation-induced degradation of the Pho85 cyclin Pcl5 is essential for response to amino acid limitation.
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18566585 S.Baumli, G.Lolli, E.D.Lowe, S.Troiani, L.Rusconi, A.N.Bullock, J.E.Debreczeni, S.Knapp, and L.N.Johnson (2008).
The structure of P-TEFb (CDK9/cyclin T1), its complex with flavopiridol and regulation by phosphorylation.
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PDB codes: 2ivx 3blh 3blq 3blr
18276129 T.Inobe, and A.Matouschek (2008).
Protein targeting to ATP-dependent proteases.
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18761494 Y.Wang, K.Liu, H.Liao, C.Zhuang, H.Ma, and X.Yan (2008).
The plant WNK gene family and regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis.
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18039657 Y.X.Fan, L.Wong, J.Ding, N.A.Spiridonov, R.C.Johnson, and G.R.Johnson (2008).
Mutational activation of ErbB2 reveals a new protein kinase autoinhibition mechanism.
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17184992 A.J.Caplan, A.K.Mandal, and M.A.Theodoraki (2007).
Molecular chaperones and protein kinase quality control.
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18059449 D.J.Leahy (2007).
A monkey wrench in the kinase machine.
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17337635 E.M.Rubenstein, and M.C.Schmidt (2007).
Mechanisms regulating the protein kinases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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17373709 G.Lolli, and L.N.Johnson (2007).
Recognition of Cdk2 by Cdk7.
  Proteins, 67, 1048-1059.
PDB code: 2hic
17585314 J.A.Ubersax, and J.E.Ferrell (2007).
Mechanisms of specificity in protein phosphorylation.
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17292838 J.Eswaran, W.H.Lee, J.E.Debreczeni, P.Filippakopoulos, A.Turnbull, O.Fedorov, S.W.Deacon, J.R.Peterson, and S.Knapp (2007).
Crystal Structures of the p21-activated kinases PAK4, PAK5, and PAK6 reveal catalytic domain plasticity of active group II PAKs.
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PDB codes: 2bva 2c30 2cdz 2f57
17286863 J.Gu, and P.E.Bourne (2007).
Identifying allosteric fluctuation transitions between different protein conformational states as applied to Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2.
  BMC Bioinformatics, 8, 45.  
17443292 J.Guo, J.Song, F.Wang, and X.S.Zhang (2007).
Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of rice cell cycle genes.
  Plant Mol Biol, 64, 349-360.  
17033818 J.K.Hood-DeGrenier, C.N.Boulton, and V.Lyo (2007).
Cytoplasmic Clb2 is required for timely inactivation of the mitotic inhibitor Swe1 and normal bud morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Curr Genet, 51, 1.  
17287826 J.Rudolph (2007).
Inhibiting transient protein-protein interactions: lessons from the Cdc25 protein tyrosine phosphatases.
  Nat Rev Cancer, 7, 202-211.  
17174465 J.Sohn, and J.Rudolph (2007).
Temperature dependence of binding and catalysis for the Cdc25B phosphatase.
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17540406 K.Anand, A.Schulte, K.Fujinaga, K.Scheffzek, and M.Geyer (2007).
Cyclin box structure of the P-TEFb subunit cyclin T1 derived from a fusion complex with EIAV tat.
  J Mol Biol, 370, 826-836.
PDB code: 2pk2
17169370 K.Baek, R.S.Brown, G.Birrane, and J.A.Ladias (2007).
Crystal structure of human cyclin K, a positive regulator of cyclin-dependent kinase 9.
  J Mol Biol, 366, 563-573.
PDB code: 2i53
17636382 K.Higginbottom, U.Jahnke, A.C.Newland, F.E.Cotter, and P.D.Allen (2007).
New alternative phosphorylation sites on the cyclin dependent kinase 1/cyclin a complex in p53-deficient human cells treated with etoposide: possible association with etoposide-induced apoptosis.
  Apoptosis, 12, 1847-1855.  
18042456 K.Huang, I.Ferrin-O'Connell, W.Zhang, G.A.Leonard, E.K.O'Shea, and F.A.Quiocho (2007).
Structure of the Pho85-Pho80 CDK-cyclin complex of the phosphate-responsive signal transduction pathway.
  Mol Cell, 28, 614-623.
PDB codes: 2pk9 2pmi
18042729 K.W.Thiel, and G.Carpenter (2007).
Epidermal growth factor receptor juxtamembrane region regulates allosteric tyrosine kinase activation.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 19238-19243.  
17614281 M.A.Keaton, E.S.Bardes, A.R.Marquitz, C.D.Freel, T.R.Zyla, J.Rudolph, and D.J.Lew (2007).
Differential susceptibility of yeast S and M phase CDK complexes to inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation.
  Curr Biol, 17, 1181-1189.  
17996702 M.Hassler, S.Singh, W.W.Yue, M.Luczynski, R.Lakbir, F.Sanchez-Sanchez, T.Bader, L.H.Pearl, and S.Mittnacht (2007).
Crystal structure of the retinoblastoma protein N domain provides insight into tumor suppression, ligand interaction, and holoprotein architecture.
  Mol Cell, 28, 371-385.
PDB code: 2qdj
17541419 M.P.Mazanetz, and P.M.Fischer (2007).
Untangling tau hyperphosphorylation in drug design for neurodegenerative diseases.
  Nat Rev Drug Discov, 6, 464-479.  
17227859 N.Kannan, N.Haste, S.S.Taylor, and A.F.Neuwald (2007).
The hallmark of AGC kinase functional divergence is its C-terminal tail, a cis-acting regulatory module.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 1272-1277.  
17274834 R.Landgraf (2007).
HER2 therapy. HER2 (ERBB2): functional diversity from structurally conserved building blocks.
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17306972 S.R.Hubbard, and W.T.Miller (2007).
Receptor tyrosine kinases: mechanisms of activation and signaling.
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17409098 S.Xu, M.Abbasian, P.Patel, K.Jensen-Pergakes, C.R.Lombardo, B.E.Cathers, W.Xie, F.Mercurio, M.Pagano, D.Giegel, and S.Cox (2007).
Substrate recognition and ubiquitination of SCFSkp2/Cks1 ubiquitin-protein isopeptide ligase.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 15462-15470.  
17063377 W.S.Chao, M.D.Serpe, Y.Jia, W.L.Shelver, J.V.Anderson, and M.Umeda (2007).
Potential roles for autophosphorylation, kinase activity, and abundance of a CDK-activating kinase (Ee;CDKF;1) during growth in leafy spurge.
  Plant Mol Biol, 63, 365-379.  
18046415 X.Zhang, K.A.Pickin, R.Bose, N.Jura, P.A.Cole, and J.Kuriyan (2007).
Inhibition of the EGF receptor by binding of MIG6 to an activating kinase domain interface.
  Nature, 450, 741-744.
PDB codes: 2rf9 2rfd 2rfe
17242196 Z.Miyake, M.Takekawa, Q.Ge, and H.Saito (2007).
Activation of MTK1/MEKK4 by GADD45 through induced N-C dissociation and dimerization-mediated trans autophosphorylation of the MTK1 kinase domain.
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16469909 A.Breitkreutz, and M.Tyers (2006).
Cell signaling. A sophisticated scaffold wields a new trick.
  Science, 311, 789-790.
PDB codes: 2f49 2fa2
17095602 A.P.Kornev, N.M.Haste, S.S.Taylor, and L.F.Eyck (2006).
Surface comparison of active and inactive protein kinases identifies a conserved activation mechanism.
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16488127 A.R.Nebreda (2006).
CDK activation by non-cyclin proteins.
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17054019 B.Zhang, V.B.Tan, K.M.Lim, and T.E.Tay (2006).
Molecular dynamics simulations on the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinases 2 and 5 in the presence of activators.
  J Comput Aided Mol Des, 20, 395-404.  
16612004 C.E.Isaac, S.M.Francis, A.L.Martens, L.M.Julian, L.A.Seifried, N.Erdmann, U.K.Binné, L.Harrington, P.Sicinski, N.G.Bérubé, N.J.Dyson, and F.A.Dick (2006).
The retinoblastoma protein regulates pericentric heterochromatin.
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16628247 E.S.Groban, A.Narayanan, and M.P.Jacobson (2006).
Conformational changes in protein loops and helices induced by post-translational phosphorylation.
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16767458 F.Wang, S.N.Huo, J.Guo, and X.S.Zhang (2006).
Wheat D-type cyclin Triae;CYCD2;1 regulate development of transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
  Planta, 224, 1129-1140.  
16374872 J.Bonet, G.Caltabiano, A.K.Khan, M.A.Johnston, C.Corbí, A.Gómez, X.Rovira, J.Teyra, and J.Villà-Freixa (2006).
The role of residue stability in transient protein-protein interactions involved in enzymatic phosphate hydrolysis. A computational study.
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16896351 J.M.Peters (2006).
The anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome: a machine designed to destroy.
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16950393 J.Sohn, and J.Rudolph (2006).
The energetic network of hotspot residues between Cdc25B phosphatase and its protein substrate.
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16584130 J.Sridhar, N.Akula, and N.Pattabiraman (2006).
Selectivity and potency of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors.
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16809767 J.Yue, and J.E.Ferrell (2006).
Mechanistic studies of the mitotic activation of Mos.
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16301204 K.Arnold, L.Bordoli, J.Kopp, and T.Schwede (2006).
The SWISS-MODEL workspace: a web-based environment for protein structure homology modelling.
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16611745 K.Bömeke, R.Pries, V.Korte, E.Scholz, B.Herzog, F.Schulze, and G.H.Braus (2006).
Yeast Gcn4p stabilization is initiated by the dissociation of the nuclear Pho85p/Pcl5p complex.
  Mol Biol Cell, 17, 2952-2962.  
16372349 K.Bastard, C.Prévost, and M.Zacharias (2006).
Accounting for loop flexibility during protein-protein docking.
  Proteins, 62, 956-969.  
16623705 K.Tschöp, G.A.Müller, J.Grosche, and K.Engeland (2006).
Human cyclin B3. mRNA expression during the cell cycle and identification of three novel nonclassical nuclear localization signals.
  FEBS J, 273, 1681-1695.  
16292742 M.De Vivo, A.Cavalli, G.Bottegoni, P.Carloni, and M.Recanatini (2006).
Role of phosphorylated Thr160 for the activation of the CDK2/Cyclin A complex.
  Proteins, 62, 89-98.  
17084073 M.G.Gold, D.Barford, and D.Komander (2006).
Lining the pockets of kinases and phosphatases.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 16, 693-701.  
16407256 M.Otyepka, I.Bártová, Z.Kríz, and J.Koca (2006).
Different mechanisms of CDK5 and CDK2 activation as revealed by CDK5/p25 and CDK2/cyclin A dynamics.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 7271-7281.  
16343905 M.Shirayama, M.C.Soto, T.Ishidate, S.Kim, K.Nakamura, Y.Bei, S.van den Heuvel, and C.C.Mello (2006).
The Conserved Kinases CDK-1, GSK-3, KIN-19, and MBK-2 Promote OMA-1 Destruction to Regulate the Oocyte-to-Embryo Transition in C. elegans.
  Curr Biol, 16, 47-55.  
17001081 N.Canela, M.Orzáez, R.Fucho, F.Mateo, R.Gutierrez, A.Pineda-Lucena, O.Bachs, and E.Pérez-Payá (2006).
Identification of an hexapeptide that binds to a surface pocket in cyclin A and inhibits the catalytic activity of the complex cyclin-dependent kinase 2-cyclin A.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 35942-35953.  
16774918 P.Ji, L.Goldin, H.Ren, D.Sun, D.Guardavaccaro, M.Pagano, and L.Zhu (2006).
Skp2 contains a novel cyclin A binding domain that directly protects cyclin A from inhibition by p27Kip1.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 24058-24069.  
17079130 P.Pellicena, and J.Kuriyan (2006).
Protein-protein interactions in the allosteric regulation of protein kinases.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 16, 702-709.  
16917500 R.Jauch, M.K.Cho, S.Jäkel, C.Netter, K.Schreiter, B.Aicher, M.Zweckstetter, H.Jäckle, and M.C.Wahl (2006).
Mitogen-activated protein kinases interacting kinases are autoinhibited by a reprogrammed activation segment.
  EMBO J, 25, 4020-4032.
PDB codes: 2hw6 2hw7
16777592 S.R.Hubbard (2006).
EGF receptor activation: push comes to shove.
  Cell, 125, 1029-1031.  
  16498512 T.Charron, N.Nili, and B.H.Strauss (2006).
The cell cycle: a critical therapeutic target to prevent vascular proliferative disease.
  Can J Cardiol, 22, 41B-55B.  
16706789 T.Kurita-Ochiai, T.Hashizume, H.Yonezawa, K.Ochiai, and M.Yamamoto (2006).
Characterization of the effects of butyric acid on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution and apoptosis.
  FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 47, 67-74.  
16531232 V.Nayak, K.Zhao, A.Wyce, M.F.Schwartz, W.S.Lo, S.L.Berger, and R.Marmorstein (2006).
Structure and dimerization of the kinase domain from yeast Snf1, a member of the Snf1/AMPK protein family.
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PDB code: 2fh9
16777603 X.Zhang, J.Gureasko, K.Shen, P.A.Cole, and J.Kuriyan (2006).
An allosteric mechanism for activation of the kinase domain of epidermal growth factor receptor.
  Cell, 125, 1137-1149.
PDB codes: 2gs2 2gs6 2gs7
17085044 Z.Shi, K.A.Resing, and N.G.Ahn (2006).
Networks for the allosteric control of protein kinases.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 16, 686-692.  
15964839 A.K.Padyana, H.Qiu, A.Roll-Mecak, A.G.Hinnebusch, and S.K.Burley (2005).
Structural basis for autoinhibition and mutational activation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha protein kinase GCN2.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 29289-29299.
PDB codes: 1zxe 1zy4 1zy5 1zyc 1zyd
15649889 C.Gondeau, S.Gerbal-Chaloin, P.Bello, G.Aldrian-Herrada, M.C.Morris, and G.Divita (2005).
Design of a novel class of peptide inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin activation.
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15837193 C.J.Squire, J.M.Dickson, I.Ivanovic, and E.N.Baker (2005).
Structure and inhibition of the human cell cycle checkpoint kinase, Wee1A kinase: an atypical tyrosine kinase with a key role in CDK1 regulation.
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PDB code: 1x8b
15695825 C.P.Barrett, and M.E.Noble (2005).
Molecular motions of human cyclin-dependent kinase 2.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 13993-14005.  
15741170 D.Komander, G.Kular, M.Deak, D.R.Alessi, and D.M.van Aalten (2005).
Role of T-loop phosphorylation in PDK1 activation, stability, and substrate binding.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 18797-18802.
PDB code: 2biy
16354836 D.Tobi, and I.Bahar (2005).
Structural changes involved in protein binding correlate with intrinsic motions of proteins in the unbound state.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 18908-18913.  
15647260 G.Zhu, K.Fujii, N.Belkina, Y.Liu, M.James, J.Herrero, and S.Shaw (2005).
Exceptional disfavor for proline at the P + 1 position among AGC and CAMK kinases establishes reciprocal specificity between them and the proline-directed kinases.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 10743-10748.  
15877531 H.B.Newton (2005).
Molecular neuro-oncology and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for brain tumors. Part 5: apoptosis and cell cycle.
  Expert Rev Anticancer Ther, 5, 355-378.  
15964852 H.Zhu, L.Nie, and C.G.Maki (2005).
Cdk2-dependent Inhibition of p21 stability via a C-terminal cyclin-binding motif.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 29282-29288.  
15632290 I.Bártová, M.Otyepka, Z.Kríz, and J.Koca (2005).
The mechanism of inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase-2 as revealed by the molecular dynamics study on the complex CDK2 with the peptide substrate HHASPRK.
  Protein Sci, 14, 445-451.  
15798205 J.H.Kim, J.H.Kim, M.Ohba, P.G.Suh, and S.H.Ryu (2005).
Novel functions of the phospholipase D2-Phox homology domain in protein kinase Czeta activation.
  Mol Cell Biol, 25, 3194-3208.  
16075305 K.A.Rossi, J.A.Markwalder, S.P.Seitz, C.H.Chang, S.Cox, M.D.Boisclair, L.Brizuela, S.L.Brenner, and P.F.Stouten (2005).
Understanding and modulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor specificity: molecular modeling and biochemical evaluation of pyrazolopyrimidinones as CDK2/cyclin A and CDK4/cyclin D1 inhibitors.
  J Comput Aided Mol Des, 19, 111-122.  
16200502 M.E.Miller, F.R.Cross, A.L.Groeger, and K.L.Jameson (2005).
Identification of novel and conserved functional and structural elements of the G1 cyclin Cln3 important for interactions with the CDK Cdc28 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Yeast, 22, 1021-1036.  
15861126 M.Kato, J.L.Chuang, S.C.Tso, R.M.Wynn, and D.T.Chuang (2005).
Crystal structure of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 3 bound to lipoyl domain 2 of human pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
  EMBO J, 24, 1763-1774.
PDB codes: 1y8n 1y8o 1y8p
15664993 P.Kaldis (2005).
The N-terminal peptide of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV)-cyclin determines substrate specificity.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 11165-11174.  
15660127 R.Honda, E.D.Lowe, E.Dubinina, V.Skamnaki, A.Cook, N.R.Brown, and L.N.Johnson (2005).
The structure of cyclin E1/CDK2: implications for CDK2 activation and CDK2-independent roles.
  EMBO J, 24, 452-463.
PDB code: 1w98
15939018 S.W.Cowan-Jacob, G.Fendrich, P.W.Manley, W.Jahnke, D.Fabbro, J.Liebetanz, and T.Meyer (2005).
The crystal structure of a c-Src complex in an active conformation suggests possible steps in c-Src activation.
  Structure, 13, 861-871.
PDB code: 1y57
15701793 T.Gildor, R.Shemer, A.Atir-Lande, and D.Kornitzer (2005).
Coevolution of cyclin Pcl5 and its substrate Gcn4.
  Eukaryot Cell, 4, 310-318.  
16279839 V.Neduva, R.Linding, I.Su-Angrand, A.Stark, F.de Masi, T.J.Gibson, J.Lewis, L.Serrano, and R.B.Russell (2005).
Systematic discovery of new recognition peptides mediating protein interaction networks.
  PLoS Biol, 3, e405.  
15568014 A.Citri, J.Gan, Y.Mosesson, G.Vereb, J.Szollosi, and Y.Yarden (2004).
Hsp90 restrains ErbB-2/HER2 signalling by limiting heterodimer formation.
  EMBO Rep, 5, 1165-1170.  
14583612 B.Padmanabhan, N.Adachi, K.Kataoka, and M.Horikoshi (2004).
Crystal structure of the homolog of the oncoprotein gankyrin, an interactor of Rb and CDK4/6.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 1546-1552.
PDB code: 1ixv
15271198 D.J.Wolgemuth, K.M.Lele, V.Jobanputra, and G.Salazar (2004).
The A-type cyclins and the meiotic cell cycle in mammalian male germ cells.
  Int J Androl, 27, 192-199.  
14962382 D.Komander, G.S.Kular, A.W.Schüttelkopf, M.Deak, K.R.Prakash, J.Bain, M.Elliott, M.Garrido-Franco, A.P.Kozikowski, D.R.Alessi, and D.M.van Aalten (2004).
Interactions of LY333531 and other bisindolyl maleimide inhibitors with PDK1.
  Structure, 12, 215-226.
PDB codes: 1uu3 1uu7 1uu8 1uu9 1uvr
15247298 D.Wu, X.Dou, S.B.Hashmi, and S.A.Osmani (2004).
The Pho80-like cyclin of Aspergillus nidulans regulates development independently of its role in phosphate acquisition.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 37693-37703.  
15024385 E.R.Lacy, I.Filippov, W.S.Lewis, S.Otieno, L.Xiao, S.Weiss, L.Hengst, and R.W.Kriwacki (2004).
p27 binds cyclin-CDK complexes through a sequential mechanism involving binding-induced protein folding.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 11, 358-364.  
15126903 H.M.Stauss (2004).
Nitric oxide and vascular hypertrophy.
  J Hypertens, 22, 677-678.  
15505811 H.Park, M.S.Yeom, and S.Lee (2004).
Loop flexibility and solvent dynamics as determinants for the selective inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 4: comparative molecular dynamics simulation studies of CDK2 and CDK4.
  Chembiochem, 5, 1662-1672.  
15133164 I.Bártová, M.Otyepka, Z.Kríz, and J.Koca (2004).
Activation and inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase-2 by phosphorylation; a molecular dynamics study reveals the functional importance of the glycine-rich loop.
  Protein Sci, 13, 1449-1457.  
15542638 J.S.Knight, N.Sharma, D.E.Kalman, and E.S.Robertson (2004).
A cyclin-binding motif within the amino-terminal homology domain of EBNA3C binds cyclin A and modulates cyclin A-dependent kinase activity in Epstein-Barr virus-infected cells.
  J Virol, 78, 12857-12867.  
14681553 K.Kumar, M.Brady, and R.Shapiro (2004).
Selective abolition of pancreatic RNase binding to its inhibitor protein.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 53-58.  
15096275 M.N.Offman, R.N.Nurtdinov, M.S.Gelfand, and D.Frishman (2004).
No statistical support for correlation between the positions of protein interaction sites and alternatively spliced regions.
  BMC Bioinformatics, 5, 41.  
15343278 N.J.Dibb, S.M.Dilworth, and C.D.Mol (2004).
Switching on kinases: oncogenic activation of BRAF and the PDGFR family.
  Nat Rev Cancer, 4, 718-727.  
15273306 N.Kannan, and A.F.Neuwald (2004).
Evolutionary constraints associated with functional specificity of the CMGC protein kinases MAPK, CDK, GSK, SRPK, DYRK, and CK2alpha.
  Protein Sci, 13, 2059-2077.  
15185335 P.A.Sims, C.F.Wong, and J.A.McCammon (2004).
Charge optimization of the interface between protein kinases and their ligands.
  J Comput Chem, 25, 1416-1429.  
14701845 Q.Zhao, F.Boschelli, A.J.Caplan, and K.T.Arndt (2004).
Identification of a conserved sequence motif that promotes Cdc37 and cyclin D1 binding to Cdk4.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 12560-12564.  
15199159 X.H.Zhu, H.Nguyen, H.D.Halicka, F.Traganos, and A.Koff (2004).
Noncatalytic requirement for cyclin A-cdk2 in p27 turnover.
  Mol Cell Biol, 24, 6058-6066.  
14596595 B.E.Aubol, B.Nolen, J.Shaffer, G.Ghosh, and J.A.Adams (2003).
Novel destabilization of nucleotide binding by the gamma phosphate of ATP in the yeast SR protein kinase Sky1p.
  Biochemistry, 42, 12813-12820.  
12955149 B.J.Sung, K.Y.Hwang, Y.H.Jeon, J.I.Lee, Y.S.Heo, J.H.Kim, J.Moon, J.M.Yoon, Y.L.Hyun, E.Kim, S.J.Eum, S.Y.Park, J.O.Lee, T.G.Lee, S.Ro, and J.M.Cho (2003).
Structure of the catalytic domain of human phosphodiesterase 5 with bound drug molecules.
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PDB codes: 1udt 1udu 1uho
14610162 D.Holzschu, L.A.Lapierre, and M.D.Lairmore (2003).
Comparative pathogenesis of epsilonretroviruses.
  J Virol, 77, 12385-12391.  
12493828 D.M.Korzhnev, B.G.Karlsson, V.Y.Orekhov, and M.Billeter (2003).
NMR detection of multiple transitions to low-populated states in azurin.
  Protein Sci, 12, 56-65.  
  12962634 E.S.Stavridi, K.G.Harris, Y.Huyen, J.Bothos, P.M.Verwoerd, S.E.Stayrook, N.P.Pavletich, P.D.Jeffrey, and F.C.Luca (2003).
Crystal structure of a human Mob1 protein: toward understanding Mob-regulated cell cycle pathways.
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PDB code: 1pi1
12688339 G.P.Studzinski, and J.S.Harrison (2003).
The neuronal cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator p35Nck5a and Cdk5 activity in monocytic cells.
  Leuk Lymphoma, 44, 235-240.  
12429741 J.H.Trembley, D.Hu, C.A.Slaughter, J.M.Lahti, and V.J.Kidd (2003).
Casein kinase 2 interacts with cyclin-dependent kinase 11 (CDK11) in vivo and phosphorylates both the RNA polymerase II carboxyl-terminal domain and CDK11 in vitro.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 2265-2270.  
14551212 K.Coulonval, L.Bockstaele, S.Paternot, and P.P.Roger (2003).
Phosphorylations of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 revisited using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 52052-52060.  
14665672 L.A.Lee, D.Van Hoewyk, and T.L.Orr-Weaver (2003).
The Drosophila cell cycle kinase PAN GU forms an active complex with PLUTONIUM and GNU to regulate embryonic divisions.
  Genes Dev, 17, 2979-2991.  
12972617 M.C.Keogh, V.Podolny, and S.Buratowski (2003).
Bur1 kinase is required for efficient transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II.
  Mol Cell Biol, 23, 7005-7018.  
12499371 M.J.Moore, J.A.Adams, and S.S.Taylor (2003).
Structural basis for peptide binding in protein kinase A. Role of glutamic acid 203 and tyrosine 204 in the peptide-positioning loop.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 10613-10618.  
12556199 N.C.Waters, and J.A.Geyer (2003).
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases as therapeutic drug targets for antimalarial drug development.
  Expert Opin Ther Targets, 7, 7.  
14967908 N.Yamauchi, T.Takezawa, K.Kizaki, C.B.Herath, and K.Hashizume (2003).
Proliferative potential of endometrial stromal cells, and endometrial and placental expression of cyclin in the bovine.
  J Reprod Dev, 49, 553-560.  
  18629088 P.Aloy, and R.B.Russell (2003).
Understanding and Predicting Protein Assemblies With 3D Structures.
  Comp Funct Genomics, 4, 410-415.  
12707268 S.Li, N.D.Covino, E.G.Stein, J.H.Till, and S.R.Hubbard (2003).
Structural and biochemical evidence for an autoinhibitory role for tyrosine 984 in the juxtamembrane region of the insulin receptor.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 26007-26014.
PDB code: 1p14
12754270 T.Goda, T.Ishii, N.Nakajo, N.Sagata, and H.Kobayashi (2003).
The RRASK motif in Xenopus cyclin B2 is required for the substrate recognition of Cdc25C by the cyclin B-Cdc2 complex.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 19032-19037.  
12789688 T.Honma (2003).
Recent advances in de novo design strategy for practical lead identification.
  Med Res Rev, 23, 606-632.  
14502991 W.Dewitte, and J.A.Murray (2003).
The plant cell cycle.
  Annu Rev Plant Biol, 54, 235-264.  
12804120 W.S.Ahn, S.W.Huh, S.M.Bae, I.P.Lee, J.M.Lee, S.E.Namkoong, C.K.Kim, and J.I.Sin (2003).
A major constituent of green tea, EGCG, inhibits the growth of a human cervical cancer cell line, CaSki cells, through apoptosis, G(1) arrest, and regulation of gene expression.
  DNA Cell Biol, 22, 217-224.  
12904290 Y.Pei, and S.Shuman (2003).
Characterization of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdk9/Pch1 protein kinase: Spt5 phosphorylation, autophosphorylation, and mutational analysis.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 43346-43356.  
12560339 Z.Huang, J.Ling, and J.A.Traugh (2003).
Localization of p21-activated protein kinase gamma-PAK/Pak2 in the endoplasmic reticulum is required for induction of cytostasis.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 13101-13109.  
12044161 A.Cook, E.D.Lowe, E.D.Chrysina, V.T.Skamnaki, N.G.Oikonomakos, and L.N.Johnson (2002).
Structural studies on phospho-CDK2/cyclin A bound to nitrate, a transition state analogue: implications for the protein kinase mechanism.
  Biochemistry, 41, 7301-7311.
PDB code: 1gy3
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PDB code: 1k9a
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Mechanistic insights into Sky1p, a yeast homologue of the mammalian SR protein kinases.
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Cyclin G2 associates with protein phosphatase 2A catalytic and regulatory B' subunits in active complexes and induces nuclear aberrations and a G1/S phase cell cycle arrest.
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Mutations that bypass tRNA binding activate the intrinsically defective kinase domain in GCN2.
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11807175 I.R.Hardcastle, B.T.Golding, and R.J.Griffin (2002).
Designing inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases.
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12112670 J.Zhang, C.H.Luan, K.C.Chou, and G.V.Johnson (2002).
Identification of the N-terminal functional domains of Cdk5 by molecular truncation and computer modeling.
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How signaling proteins integrate multiple inputs: a comparison of N-WASP and Cdk2.
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Adaptor protein Shc is an isoform-specific direct activator of the tyrosine kinase c-Src.
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Structural studies with inhibitors of the cell cycle regulatory kinase cyclin-dependent protein kinase 2.
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