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Growth factor/growth factor receptor PDB id
1evt
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
131 a.a. *
191 a.a. *
Ligands
SO4 ×4
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1evt
Name: Growth factor/growth factor receptor
Title: Crystal structure of fgf1 in complex with the extracellular ligand binding domain of fgf receptor 1 (fgfr1)
Structure: Protein (fibroblast growth factor 1). Chain: a, b. Fragment: the b-trefoil core of fibroblast growth factor 1 (fgf1). Synonym: fgf1. Engineered: yes. Protein (fibroblast growth factor receptor 1). Chain: c, d. Fragment: extracellular ligand binding domain of fgf
Source: Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606. Expressed in: bacteria. Expression_system_taxid: 2. Expression_system_taxid: 2
Biol. unit: Tetramer (from PQS)
Resolution:
2.80Å     R-factor:   0.249     R-free:   0.300
Authors: A.N.Plotnikov,S.R.Hubbard,J.Schlessinger,M.Mohammadi
Key ref:
A.N.Plotnikov et al. (2000). Crystal structures of two FGF-FGFR complexes reveal the determinants of ligand-receptor specificity. Cell, 101, 413-424. PubMed id: 10830168 DOI: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80851-X
Date:
20-Apr-00     Release date:   31-May-00    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P05230  (FGF1_HUMAN) -  Heparin-binding growth factor 1
Seq:
Struc:
155 a.a.
131 a.a.
Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P11362  (FGFR1_HUMAN) -  Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
Seq:
Struc:
 
Seq:
Struc:
822 a.a.
191 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: Chains C, D: E.C.2.7.10.1  - Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: ATP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine = ADP + a [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate
ATP
+ [protein]-L-tyrosine
= ADP
+ [protein]-L-tyrosine phosphate
Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the KEGG ftp site
 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Biochemical function     protein binding     2 terms  

 

 
    reference    
 
 
DOI no: 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80851-X Cell 101:413-424 (2000)
PubMed id: 10830168  
 
 
Crystal structures of two FGF-FGFR complexes reveal the determinants of ligand-receptor specificity.
A.N.Plotnikov, S.R.Hubbard, J.Schlessinger, M.Mohammadi.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
To elucidate the structural determinants governing specificity in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, we have determined the crystal structures of FGF1 and FGF2 complexed with the ligand binding domains (immunoglobulin-like domains 2 [D2] and 3 [D3]) of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) and FGFR2, respectively. Highly conserved FGF-D2 and FGF-linker (between D2-D3) interfaces define a general binding site for all FGF-FGFR complexes. Specificity is achieved through interactions between the N-terminal and central regions of FGFs and two loop regions in D3 that are subject to alternative splicing. These structures provide a molecular basis for FGF1 as a universal FGFR ligand and for modulation of FGF-FGFR specificity through primary sequence variations and alternative splicing.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Detailed Interactions between FGF and FGFR in the FGF-D2 and FGF-Linker Interfaces(A) Stereo view of the hydrophobic interface between FGF2 and D2 of FGFR2.(B) Stereo view of the hydrophobic interface between FGF1 and D2 of FGFR1.(C) Stereo view of the conserved network of hydrogen bonds between FGF2 and FGFR2 in the vicinity of Arg-251 in the D2-D3 linker.(D) Stereo view of the network of hydrogen bonds between FGF1 and FGFR1 in the vicinity of Arg-250 in the D2-D3 linker. Only side chains of interacting residues are shown. At the right side of each stereo pair, a view of the whole structure in the exact orientation as in stereo views is shown, and the region of interest is highlighted. Color coding is the same as in Figure 1: FGF1 and FGF2 in orange, D2 in green, D3 in cyan, and the linker in gray. Oxygen atoms are colored red, nitrogen atoms blue, and carbon atoms have the same coloring as the molecules to which they belong. Dotted lines represent hydrogen bonds. This figure was created using the programs Molscript and Raster3D.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Detailed Interactions between FGF and FGFR in the FGF-D3 Interfaces(A) Stereo view of the interface between FGF2 and the βF-βG loop of D3 in the FGF2-FGFR2 structure.(B) Stereo view of the interface between N-terminal sequences (prior to β1) of FGF2 and D3 in the FGF2-FGFR2 structure.(C) Stereo view of the interface between FGF2 and the βC′-βE segment (shown in purple) of D3 in the FGF2-FGFR2 structure.(D) Stereo view of the interface between FGF1 and D3 in the FGF1-FGFR1 structure. At the right side of each stereo pair, a view of the whole structure in the exact orientation as in stereo views is shown, and the region of interest is highlighted. Only side chains of interacting residues are shown. Color coding is the same as in Figure 3. Dotted lines represent hydrogen bonds. This figure was created using the programs Molscript and Raster3D.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Cell Press: Cell (2000, 101, 413-424) copyright 2000.  
  Figures were selected by the author.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21080029 B.Trueb (2011).
Biology of FGFRL1, the fifth fibroblast growth factor receptor.
  Cell Mol Life Sci, 68, 951-964.  
21392510 J.Gupte, L.Yang, X.Wu, J.Weiszmann, R.Hecht, B.Lemon, R.Lindberg, Z.Wang, and Y.Li (2011).
The FGFR D3 domain determines receptor selectivity for fibroblast growth factor 21.
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21315087 J.Lee, S.I.Blaber, V.K.Dubey, and M.Blaber (2011).
A polypeptide "building block" for the β-trefoil fold identified by "top-down symmetric deconstruction".
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19627396 D.Leali, R.Bianchi, A.Bugatti, S.Nicoli, S.Mitola, L.Ragona, S.Tomaselli, G.Gallo, S.Catello, V.Rivieccio, L.Zetta, and M.Presta (2010).
Fibroblast growth factor 2-antagonist activity of a long-pentraxin 3-derived anti-angiogenic pentapeptide.
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19920824 G.Chen, X.Tian, Z.Liu, S.Zhou, B.Schmidt, D.Henne-Bruns, M.Bachem, and M.Kornmann (2010).
Inhibition of endogenous SPARC enhances pancreatic cancer cell growth: modulation by FGFR1-III isoform expression.
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20432069 J.H.Bae, and J.Schlessinger (2010).
Asymmetric tyrosine kinase arrangements in activation or autophosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases.
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20842696 N.Martínez-Abadías, C.Percival, K.Aldridge, C.A.Hill, T.Ryan, S.Sirivunnabood, Y.Wang, E.W.Jabs, and J.T.Richtsmeier (2010).
Beyond the closed suture in apert syndrome mouse models: evidence of primary effects of FGFR2 signaling on facial shape at birth.
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20503384 S.Mai, K.Wei, A.Flenniken, S.L.Adamson, J.Rossant, J.E.Aubin, and S.G.Gong (2010).
The missense mutation W290R in Fgfr2 causes developmental defects from aberrant IIIb and IIIc signaling.
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20414975 X.Wu, Q.Yan, Y.Huang, H.Huang, Z.Su, J.Xiao, Y.Zeng, Y.Wang, C.Nie, Y.Yang, and X.Li (2010).
Isolation of a novel basic FGF-binding peptide with potent antiangiogenetic activity.
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18726952 E.G.Bochukova, T.Roscioli, D.J.Hedges, I.B.Taylor, D.Johnson, D.J.David, P.L.Deininger, and A.O.Wilkie (2009).
Rare mutations of FGFR2 causing apert syndrome: identification of the first partial gene deletion, and an Alu element insertion from a new subfamily.
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19658168 E.Stuttfeld, and K.Ballmer-Hofer (2009).
Structure and function of VEGF receptors.
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19515808 J.Gattineni, C.Bates, K.Twombley, V.Dwarakanath, M.L.Robinson, R.Goetz, M.Mohammadi, and M.Baum (2009).
FGF23 decreases renal NaPi-2a and NaPi-2c expression and induces hypophosphatemia in vivo predominantly via FGF receptor 1.
  Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 297, F282-F291.  
19564416 J.Kalinina, S.A.Byron, H.P.Makarenkova, S.K.Olsen, A.V.Eliseenkova, W.J.Larochelle, M.Dhanabal, S.Blais, D.M.Ornitz, L.A.Day, T.A.Neubert, P.M.Pollock, and M.Mohammadi (2009).
Homodimerization controls the fibroblast growth factor 9 subfamily's receptor binding and heparan sulfate-dependent diffusion in the extracellular matrix.
  Mol Cell Biol, 29, 4663-4678.
PDB code: 3f1r
19486684 L.Chen, M.Merzlyakov, T.Cohen, Y.Shai, and K.Hristova (2009).
Energetics of ErbB1 transmembrane domain dimerization in lipid bilayers.
  Biophys J, 96, 4622-4630.  
19574212 M.Zakrzewska, A.Wiedlocha, A.Szlachcic, D.Krowarsch, J.Otlewski, and S.Olsnes (2009).
Increased protein stability of FGF1 can compensate for its reduced affinity for heparin.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 25388-25403.  
19634127 S.Li, C.Christensen, L.B.Køhler, V.V.Kiselyov, V.Berezin, and E.Bock (2009).
Agonists of fibroblast growth factor receptor induce neurite outgrowth and survival of cerebellar granule neurons.
  Dev Neurobiol, 69, 837-854.  
19801543 U.M.Polanska, L.Duchesne, J.C.Harries, D.G.Fernig, and T.K.Kinnunen (2009).
N-Glycosylation regulates fibroblast growth factor receptor/EGL-15 activity in Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 33030-33039.  
19696444 Y.Hu, S.E.Guimond, P.Travers, S.Cadman, E.Hohenester, J.E.Turnbull, S.H.Kim, and P.M.Bouloux (2009).
Novel mechanisms of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 regulation by extracellular matrix protein anosmin-1.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 29905-29920.  
18846105 A.R.Grosso, S.Martins, and M.Carmo-Fonseca (2008).
The emerging role of splicing factors in cancer.
  EMBO Rep, 9, 1087-1093.  
18407821 F.Yang, Y.Wang, Z.Zhang, B.Hsu, E.W.Jabs, and J.H.Elisseeff (2008).
The study of abnormal bone development in the Apert syndrome Fgfr2+/S252W mouse using a 3D hydrogel culture model.
  Bone, 43, 55-63.  
18826624 K.Chen, Y.Ohkubo, D.Shin, T.Doetschman, L.P.Sanford, H.Li, and F.M.Vaccarino (2008).
Decrease in excitatory neurons, astrocytes and proliferating progenitors in the cerebral cortex of mice lacking exon 3 from the Fgf2 gene.
  BMC Neurosci, 9, 94.  
17705152 S.B.Joshi, T.J.Kamerzell, C.McNown, and C.R.Middaugh (2008).
The interaction of heparin/polyanions with bovine, porcine, and human growth hormone.
  J Pharm Sci, 97, 1368-1385.  
18441324 S.Mori, C.Y.Wu, S.Yamaji, J.Saegusa, B.Shi, Z.Ma, Y.Kuwabara, K.S.Lam, R.R.Isseroff, Y.K.Takada, and Y.Takada (2008).
Direct binding of integrin alphavbeta3 to FGF1 plays a role in FGF1 signaling.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 18066-18075.  
18523850 S.Oltean, P.G.Febbo, and M.A.Garcia-Blanco (2008).
Dunning rat prostate adenocarcinomas and alternative splicing reporters: powerful tools to study epithelial plasticity in prostate tumors in vivo.
  Clin Exp Metastasis, 25, 611-619.  
18442315 Y.Yamazaki, T.Tamada, N.Kasai, I.Urakawa, Y.Aono, H.Hasegawa, T.Fujita, R.Kuroki, T.Yamashita, S.Fukumoto, and T.Shimada (2008).
Anti-FGF23 neutralizing antibodies show the physiological role and structural features of FGF23.
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17623664 H.Kurosu, M.Choi, Y.Ogawa, A.S.Dickson, R.Goetz, A.V.Eliseenkova, M.Mohammadi, K.P.Rosenblatt, S.A.Kliewer, and M.Kuro-o (2007).
Tissue-specific expression of betaKlotho and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor isoforms determines metabolic activity of FGF19 and FGF21.
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17637802 I.Mason (2007).
Initiation to end point: the multiple roles of fibroblast growth factors in neural development.
  Nat Rev Neurosci, 8, 583-596.  
  17277441 N.Kulahin, V.Kiselyov, A.Kochoyan, O.Kristensen, J.S.Kastrup, V.Berezin, E.Bock, and M.Gajhede (2007).
Structure of rat acidic fibroblast growth factor at 1.4 A resolution.
  Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun, 63, 65-68.
PDB code: 2j3p
17339340 R.Goetz, A.Beenken, O.A.Ibrahimi, J.Kalinina, S.K.Olsen, A.V.Eliseenkova, C.Xu, T.A.Neubert, F.Zhang, R.J.Linhardt, X.Yu, K.E.White, T.Inagaki, S.A.Kliewer, M.Yamamoto, H.Kurosu, Y.Ogawa, M.Kuro-o, B.Lanske, M.S.Razzaque, and M.Mohammadi (2007).
Molecular insights into the klotho-dependent, endocrine mode of action of fibroblast growth factor 19 subfamily members.
  Mol Cell Biol, 27, 3417-3428.
PDB codes: 2p23 2p39
17550777 T.Inagaki, P.Dutchak, G.Zhao, X.Ding, L.Gautron, V.Parameswara, Y.Li, R.Goetz, M.Mohammadi, V.Esser, J.K.Elmquist, R.D.Gerard, S.C.Burgess, R.E.Hammer, D.J.Mangelsdorf, and S.A.Kliewer (2007).
Endocrine regulation of the fasting response by PPARalpha-mediated induction of fibroblast growth factor 21.
  Cell Metab, 5, 415-425.  
17525467 T.J.Kamerzell, S.B.Joshi, D.McClean, L.Peplinskie, K.Toney, D.Papac, M.Li, and C.R.Middaugh (2007).
Parathyroid hormone is a heparin/polyanion binding protein: binding energetics and structure modification.
  Protein Sci, 16, 1193-1203.  
17452648 Y.Ogawa, H.Kurosu, M.Yamamoto, A.Nandi, K.P.Rosenblatt, R.Goetz, A.V.Eliseenkova, M.Mohammadi, and M.Kuro-o (2007).
BetaKlotho is required for metabolic activity of fibroblast growth factor 21.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 7432-7437.  
17632321 Z.Liu, T.Ishiwata, S.Zhou, S.Maier, D.Henne-Bruns, M.Korc, M.Bachem, and M.Kornmann (2007).
Human fibroblast growth factor receptor 1-IIIb is a functional fibroblast growth factor receptor expressed in the pancreas and involved in proliferation and movement of pancreatic ductal cells.
  Pancreas, 35, 147-157.  
16857011 A.Winter, A.M.Yusof, E.Gao, H.L.Yan, S.H.Sun, and A.Hofmann (2006).
Biochemical characterization of annexin B1 from Cysticercus cellulosae.
  FEBS J, 273, 3238-3247.  
  17048306 D.Li, Q.Q.Wang, G.P.Tang, H.L.Huang, F.P.Shen, J.Z.Li, and H.Yu (2006).
Receptor-mediated gene delivery using polyethylenimine (PEI) coupled with polypeptides targeting FGF receptors on cells surface.
  J Zhejiang Univ Sci B, 7, 906-911.  
16470795 E.G.Farrow, S.I.Davis, S.D.Mooney, P.Beighton, L.Mascarenhas, Y.R.Gutierrez, P.Pitukcheewanont, and K.E.White (2006).
Extended mutational analyses of FGFR1 in osteoglophonic dysplasia.
  Am J Med Genet A, 140, 537-539.  
17005551 E.Sanchez-Heras, F.V.Howell, G.Williams, and P.Doherty (2006).
The fibroblast growth factor receptor acid box is essential for interactions with N-cadherin and all of the major isoforms of neural cell adhesion molecule.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 35208-35216.  
16829530 L.Duchesne, B.Tissot, T.R.Rudd, A.Dell, and D.G.Fernig (2006).
N-glycosylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 regulates ligand and heparan sulfate co-receptor binding.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 27178-27189.  
16849318 P.R.Macdonald, P.Progias, B.Ciani, S.Patel, U.Mayer, M.O.Steinmetz, and R.A.Kammerer (2006).
Structure of the extracellular domain of Tie receptor tyrosine kinases and localization of the angiopoietin-binding epitope.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 28408-28414.  
16796457 P.Wei, J.Zhan, S.Liu, D.Chang, R.Haldankar, K.Burkhardt, J.Crouse, J.Hui, T.Juan, J.Talvenheimo, H.Kim, L.Li, T.Boone, and L.Borges (2006).
Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human keratinocyte growth factor receptor.
  Hybridoma (Larchmt), 25, 115-124.  
16834555 R.Sasisekharan, R.Raman, and V.Prabhakar (2006).
Glycomics approach to structure-function relationships of glycosaminoglycans.
  Annu Rev Biomed Eng, 8, 181-231.  
16384934 S.K.Olsen, J.Y.Li, C.Bromleigh, A.V.Eliseenkova, O.A.Ibrahimi, Z.Lao, F.Zhang, R.J.Linhardt, A.L.Joyner, and M.Mohammadi (2006).
Structural basis by which alternative splicing modulates the organizer activity of FGF8 in the brain.
  Genes Dev, 20, 185-198.
PDB code: 2fdb
17132737 V.P.Eswarakumar, F.Ozcan, E.D.Lew, J.H.Bae, F.Tomé, C.J.Booth, D.J.Adams, I.Lax, and J.Schlessinger (2006).
Attenuation of signaling pathways stimulated by pathologically activated FGF-receptor 2 mutants prevents craniosynostosis.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 18603-18608.  
17008716 V.V.Kiselyov, A.Kochoyan, F.M.Poulsen, E.Bock, and V.Berezin (2006).
Elucidation of the mechanism of the regulatory function of the Ig1 module of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1.
  Protein Sci, 15, 2318-2322.  
16731982 V.V.Kiselyov, E.Bock, V.Berezin, and F.M.Poulsen (2006).
NMR structure of the first Ig module of mouse FGFR1.
  Protein Sci, 15, 1512-1515.
PDB code: 2ckn
16219767 C.J.Robinson, N.J.Harmer, S.J.Goodger, T.L.Blundell, and J.T.Gallagher (2005).
Cooperative dimerization of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) upon a single heparin saccharide may drive the formation of 2:2:1 FGF1.FGFR2c.heparin ternary complexes.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 42274-42282.  
15879597 F.Soulet, K.Bailly, S.Roga, A.C.Lavigne, F.Amalric, and G.Bouche (2005).
Exogenously added fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) to NIH3T3 cells interacts with nuclear ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) in a cell cycle-dependent manner.
  J Biol Chem, 280, 25604-25610.  
16373575 G.G.Whitehead, S.Makino, C.L.Lien, and M.T.Keating (2005).
fgf20 is essential for initiating zebrafish fin regeneration.
  Science, 310, 1957-1960.  
16023350 J.Stetefeld, and M.A.Ruegg (2005).
Structural and functional diversity generated by alternative mRNA splicing.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 30, 515-521.  
15863029 M.Mohammadi, S.K.Olsen, and O.A.Ibrahimi (2005).
Structural basis for fibroblast growth factor receptor activation.
  Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 16, 107-137.  
15632068 O.A.Ibrahimi, B.K.Yeh, A.V.Eliseenkova, F.Zhang, S.K.Olsen, M.Igarashi, S.A.Aaronson, R.J.Linhardt, and M.Mohammadi (2005).
Analysis of mutations in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and a pathogenic mutation in FGF receptor (FGFR) provides direct evidence for the symmetric two-end model for FGFR dimerization.
  Mol Cell Biol, 25, 671-684.  
16081654 V.K.Dubey, J.Lee, and M.Blaber (2005).
Redesigning symmetry-related "mini-core" regions of FGF-1 to increase primary structure symmetry: thermodynamic and functional consequences of structural symmetry.
  Protein Sci, 14, 2315-2323.  
15863030 V.P.Eswarakumar, I.Lax, and J.Schlessinger (2005).
Cellular signaling by fibroblast growth factor receptors.
  Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 16, 139-149.  
15674480 B.Kaur, C.Tan, D.J.Brat, D.E.Post, and E.G.Van Meir (2004).
Genetic and hypoxic regulation of angiogenesis in gliomas.
  J Neurooncol, 70, 229-243.  
15365636 C.Dodé, and J.P.Hardelin (2004).
Kallmann syndrome: fibroblast growth factor signaling insufficiency?
  J Mol Med, 82, 725-734.  
15334457 K.Nakano, Y.Okada, K.Saito, and Y.Tanaka (2004).
Induction of RANKL expression and osteoclast maturation by the binding of fibroblast growth factor 2 to heparan sulfate proteoglycan on rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts.
  Arthritis Rheum, 50, 2450-2458.  
14660620 K.Nogami, H.Suzuki, H.Habuchi, N.Ishiguro, H.Iwata, and K.Kimata (2004).
Distinctive expression patterns of heparan sulfate O-sulfotransferases and regional differences in heparan sulfate structure in chick limb buds.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 8219-8229.  
15193306 L.F.Lareau, R.E.Green, R.S.Bhatnagar, and S.E.Brenner (2004).
The evolving roles of alternative splicing.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 14, 273-282.  
14976206 L.Volpon, H.Lamthanh, J.Barbier, N.Gilles, J.Molgó, A.Ménez, and J.M.Lancelin (2004).
NMR solution structures of delta-conotoxin EVIA from Conus ermineus that selectively acts on vertebrate neuronal Na+ channels.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 21356-21366.
PDB codes: 1g1p 1g1z
14993768 N.Numao, H.Fujii, Y.Fukazawa, N.Hanagata, and K.Tanaka (2004).
Hydrophobic scale: a second parameter to elucidating various specific ligand-protein interactions.
  Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo), 52, 377-379.  
14707131 S.Ashikari-Hada, H.Habuchi, Y.Kariya, N.Itoh, A.H.Reddi, and K.Kimata (2004).
Characterization of growth factor-binding structures in heparin/heparan sulfate using an octasaccharide library.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 12346-12354.  
14732692 S.K.Olsen, O.A.Ibrahimi, A.Raucci, F.Zhang, A.V.Eliseenkova, A.Yayon, C.Basilico, R.J.Linhardt, J.Schlessinger, and M.Mohammadi (2004).
Insights into the molecular basis for fibroblast growth factor receptor autoinhibition and ligand-binding promiscuity.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 935-940.
PDB code: 1ry7
15051888 S.Wang, X.Ai, S.D.Freeman, M.E.Pownall, Q.Lu, D.S.Kessler, and C.P.Emerson (2004).
QSulf1, a heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase, inhibits fibroblast growth factor signaling in mesoderm induction and angiogenesis.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 4833-4838.  
12496262 A.Facchiano, K.Russo, A.M.Facchiano, F.De Marchis, F.Facchiano, D.Ribatti, M.S.Aguzzi, and M.C.Capogrossi (2003).
Identification of a novel domain of fibroblast growth factor 2 controlling its angiogenic properties.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 8751-8760.  
12591959 B.K.Yeh, M.Igarashi, A.V.Eliseenkova, A.N.Plotnikov, I.Sher, D.Ron, S.A.Aaronson, and M.Mohammadi (2003).
Structural basis by which alternative splicing confers specificity in fibroblast growth factor receptors.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 100, 2266-2271.
PDB code: 1nun
14502567 C.Ito, Y.Saitoh, Y.Fujita, Y.Yamazaki, T.Imamura, S.Oka, and S.Suzuki (2003).
Decapeptide with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-5 partial sequence inhibits hair growth suppressing activity of FGF-5.
  J Cell Physiol, 197, 272-283.  
12960434 Q.Shi, and D.Boettiger (2003).
A novel mode for integrin-mediated signaling: tethering is required for phosphorylation of FAK Y397.
  Mol Biol Cell, 14, 4306-4315.  
12815063 S.K.Olsen, M.Garbi, N.Zampieri, A.V.Eliseenkova, D.M.Ornitz, M.Goldfarb, and M.Mohammadi (2003).
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) homologous factors share structural but not functional homology with FGFs.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 34226-34236.
PDB code: 1q1u
14745970 X.Coumoul, and C.X.Deng (2003).
Roles of FGF receptors in mammalian development and congenital diseases.
  Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today, 69, 286-304.  
12604602 Z.L.Wu, L.Zhang, T.Yabe, B.Kuberan, D.L.Beeler, A.Love, and R.D.Rosenberg (2003).
The involvement of heparan sulfate (HS) in FGF1/HS/FGFR1 signaling complex.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 17121-17129.  
12205097 A.I.Arunkumar, S.Srisailam, T.K.Kumar, K.M.Kathir, Y.H.Chi, H.M.Wang, G.G.Chang, I.Chiu, and C.Yu (2002).
Structure and stability of an acidic fibroblast growth factor from Notophthalmus viridescens.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 46424-46432.
PDB code: 1fmm
11967362 A.I.Arunkumar, T.K.Kumar, K.M.Kathir, S.Srisailam, H.M.Wang, P.S.Leena, Y.H.Chi, H.C.Chen, C.H.Wu, R.T.Wu, G.G.Chang, I.M.Chiu, and C.Yu (2002).
Oligomerization of acidic fibroblast growth factor is not a prerequisite for its cell proliferation activity.
  Protein Sci, 11, 1050-1061.  
12357470 A.O.Wilkie, S.J.Patey, S.H.Kan, A.M.van den Ouweland, and B.C.Hamel (2002).
FGFs, their receptors, and human limb malformations: clinical and molecular correlations.
  Am J Med Genet, 112, 266-278.  
12242295 B.K.Yeh, A.V.Eliseenkova, A.N.Plotnikov, D.Green, J.Pinnell, T.Polat, A.Gritli-Linde, R.J.Linhardt, and M.Mohammadi (2002).
Structural basis for activation of fibroblast growth factor signaling by sucrose octasulfate.
  Mol Cell Biol, 22, 7184-7192.  
12077148 B.M.Loo, and M.Salmivirta (2002).
Heparin/Heparan sulfate domains in binding and signaling of fibroblast growth factor 8b.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 32616-32623.  
12297050 H.Ogiso, R.Ishitani, O.Nureki, S.Fukai, M.Yamanaka, J.H.Kim, K.Saito, A.Sakamoto, M.Inoue, M.Shirouzu, and S.Yokoyama (2002).
Crystal structure of the complex of human epidermal growth factor and receptor extracellular domains.
  Cell, 110, 775-787.
PDB code: 1ivo
12045103 J.D.Esko, and S.B.Selleck (2002).
Order out of chaos: assembly of ligand binding sites in heparan sulfate.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 71, 435-471.  
12398894 K.Suyama, I.Shapiro, M.Guttman, and R.B.Hazan (2002).
A signaling pathway leading to metastasis is controlled by N-cadherin and the FGF receptor.
  Cancer Cell, 2, 301-314.  
11972061 P.Aloy, and R.B.Russell (2002).
Interrogating protein interaction networks through structural biology.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 5896-5901.  
12000365 T.J.Wang, C.B.Huang, F.J.Tsai, J.Y.Wu, R.B.Lai, and M.Hsiao (2002).
Mutation in the FGFR2 gene in a Taiwanese patient with Beare-Stevenson cutis gyrata syndrome.
  Clin Genet, 61, 218-221.  
12297049 T.P.Garrett, N.M.McKern, M.Lou, T.C.Elleman, T.E.Adams, G.O.Lovrecz, H.J.Zhu, F.Walker, M.J.Frenkel, P.A.Hoyne, R.N.Jorissen, E.C.Nice, A.W.Burgess, and C.W.Ward (2002).
Crystal structure of a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain bound to transforming growth factor alpha.
  Cell, 110, 763-773.
PDB code: 1mox
11746231 C.Z.Borland, J.L.Schutzman, and M.J.Stern (2001).
Fibroblast growth factor signaling in Caenorhabditis elegans.
  Bioessays, 23, 1120-1130.  
  11276432 D.M.Ornitz, and N.Itoh (2001).
Fibroblast growth factors.
  Genome Biol, 2, REVIEWS3005.  
11571292 E.J.Williams, G.Williams, F.V.Howell, S.D.Skaper, F.S.Walsh, and P.Doherty (2001).
Identification of an N-cadherin motif that can interact with the fibroblast growth factor receptor and is required for axonal growth.
  J Biol Chem, 276, 43879-43886.  
11406409 G.Rudenko, E.Hohenester, and Y.A.Muller (2001).
LG/LNS domains: multiple functions -- one business end?
  Trends Biochem Sci, 26, 363-368.  
11223514 H.J.Hecht, R.Adar, B.Hofmann, O.Bogin, H.Weich, and A.Yayon (2001).
Structure of fibroblast growth factor 9 shows a symmetric dimer with unique receptor- and heparin-binding interfaces.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 57, 378-384.
PDB code: 1g82
  11342135 I.Capila, M.J.Hernáiz, Y.D.Mo, T.R.Mealy, B.Campos, J.R.Dedman, R.J.Linhardt, and B.A.Seaton (2001).
Annexin V--heparin oligosaccharide complex suggests heparan sulfate--mediated assembly on cell surfaces.
  Structure, 9, 57-64.
PDB code: 1g5n
  11337381 J.Lemonnier, E.Haÿ, P.Delannoy, O.Fromigué, A.Lomri, D.Modrowski, and P.J.Marie (2001).
Increased osteoblast apoptosis in apert craniosynostosis: role of protein kinase C and interleukin-1.
  Am J Pathol, 158, 1833-1842.  
11737582 K.E.White, G.Carn, B.Lorenz-Depiereux, A.Benet-Pages, T.M.Strom, and M.J.Econs (2001).
Autosomal-dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) mutations stabilize FGF-23.
  Kidney Int, 60, 2079-2086.  
11785766 L.Pellegrini (2001).
Role of heparan sulfate in fibroblast growth factor signalling: a structural view.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 11, 629-634.  
11390973 O.A.Ibrahimi, A.V.Eliseenkova, A.N.Plotnikov, K.Yu, D.M.Ornitz, and M.Mohammadi (2001).
Structural basis for fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 activation in Apert syndrome.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 7182-7187.
PDB codes: 1ii4 1iil
11486033 P.Bellosta, A.Iwahori, A.N.Plotnikov, A.V.Eliseenkova, C.Basilico, and M.Mohammadi (2001).
Identification of receptor and heparin binding sites in fibroblast growth factor 4 by structure-based mutagenesis.
  Mol Cell Biol, 21, 5946-5957.
PDB code: 1ijt
11057895 J.Schlessinger (2000).
Cell signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases.
  Cell, 103, 211-225.  
11030354 J.Schlessinger, A.N.Plotnikov, O.A.Ibrahimi, A.V.Eliseenkova, B.K.Yeh, A.Yayon, R.J.Linhardt, and M.Mohammadi (2000).
Crystal structure of a ternary FGF-FGFR-heparin complex reveals a dual role for heparin in FGFR binding and dimerization.
  Mol Cell, 6, 743-750.
PDB code: 1fq9
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