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protein dna_rna metals links
Lyase/DNA PDB id
1ebm
Jmol
Contents
Protein chain
314 a.a. *
DNA/RNA
Metals
_CA
Waters ×133
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1ebm
Name: Lyase/DNA
Title: Crystal structure of the human 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (hogg1) bound to a substrate oligonucleotide
Structure: DNA (5'-d( Gp Cp Gp Tp Cp Cp Ap (8Og) p Gp Tp Cp Tp Ap Cp C)-3'). Chain: c. Engineered: yes. DNA (5'- d( Gp Gp Tp Ap Gp Ap Cp Cp Tp Gp Gp Ap Cp Gp C)-3'). Chain: d. Engineered: yes. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase.
Source: Synthetic: yes. Homo sapiens. Human. Organism_taxid: 9606. Expressed in: escherichia coli. Expression_system_taxid: 562.
Biol. unit: Trimer (from PQS)
Resolution:
2.10Å     R-factor:   0.232     R-free:   0.263
Authors: S.D.Bruner,D.P.Norman,G.L.Verdine
Key ref:
S.D.Bruner et al. (2000). Structural basis for recognition and repair of the endogenous mutagen 8-oxoguanine in DNA. Nature, 403, 859-866. PubMed id: 10706276 DOI: 10.1038/35002510
Date:
24-Jan-00     Release date:   20-Mar-00    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
O15527  (OGG1_HUMAN) -  N-glycosylase/DNA lyase
Seq:
Struc: 		345 a.a.
314 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 4 residue positions (black crosses)

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: E.C.4.2.99.18  - DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) lyase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: The C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA is broken by a beta-elimination reaction, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate.
 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     nucleus   5 terms 
  Biological process     metabolic process   10 terms 
  Biochemical function     catalytic activity     10 terms  

 

 
DOI no: 10.1038/35002510 Nature 403:859-866 (2000)
PubMed id: 10706276  
 
 
Structural basis for recognition and repair of the endogenous mutagen 8-oxoguanine in DNA.
S.D.Bruner, D.P.Norman, G.L.Verdine.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
Spontaneous oxidation of guanine residues in DNA generates 8-oxoguanine (oxoG). By mispairing with adenine during replication, oxoG gives rise to a G x C --> T x A transversion, a frequent somatic mutation in human cancers. The dedicated repair pathway for oxoG centres on 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (hOGG1), an enzyme that recognizes oxoG x C base pairs, catalysing expulsion of the oxoG and cleavage of the DNA backbone. Here we report the X-ray structure of the catalytic core of hOGG1 bound to oxoG x C-containing DNA at 2.1 A resolution. The structure reveals the mechanistic basis for the recognition and catalytic excision of DNA damage by hOGG1 and by other members of the enzyme superfamily to which it belongs. The structure also provides a rationale for the biochemical effects of inactivating mutations and polymorphisms in hOGG1. One known mutation, R154H, converts hOGG1 to a promutator by relaxing the specificity of the enzyme for the base opposite oxoG.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 5.
Figure 5: Electrostatic potential surface representation (GRASP44) of hOGG1 showing the unusually neutral DNA-protein interaction surface. Negatively charged surfaces are red and positively charged surfaces blue. The oxoG base (red) is inserted into the enzyme active site, which lies underneath the top strand in this view. Asterisk denotes the side chain of Asn 149, which fills the space vacated by oxoG in the DNA helix and interacts with the estranged cytosine (magenta). The patch of blue underneath the lower strand is due to the positively charged guanidinium groups of Arg 154 and Arg 204, which contact the estranged cytosine. 		Figure 6.
Figure 6: Recognition of the oxoG lesion and the estranged cytosine. a, Ball-and-stick representation of the enzyme active site, showing the residues that interact with oxoG. The oxoG base is stacked between Phe 319 and Cys 253. Residues Gly 42, Gln 315 and two water molecules hydrogen bond to the Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen faces of the lesion base. b, The recognition pocket for the estranged cytosine. The cytosine paired opposite oxoG is recognized by tandem bidentate hydrogen-bonding interactions with Arg 154 and Arg 204, an edge-face interaction with Tyr 203 and an additional hydrogen bond with Asn 149. The Arg-154-C^0 and Arg-204-C^0 contacts have nearly ideal geometry (bond angles 140-150°) and distance parameters (O2-N[ ], 2.9, 3.2 Å; N3-N[ ], 3.0, 3.0 Å, respectively) for bifurcated hydrogen bonds.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature (2000, 403, 859-866) copyright 2000.  
  Figures were selected by the author.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21267490 A.Ebrahimi, M.Habibi-Khorassani, and S.Bazzi (2011).
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21220122 B.Dalhus, M.Forsbring, I.H.Helle, E.S.Vik, R.J.Forstrøm, P.H.Backe, I.Alseth, and M.Bjørås (2011).
Separation-of-function mutants unravel the dual-reaction mode of human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase.
  Structure, 19, 117-127.
PDB code: 2xhi
21256849 L.Charoensuk, P.Pinlaor, S.Prakobwong, Y.Hiraku, U.Laothong, W.Ruangjirachuporn, P.Yongvanit, and S.Pinlaor (2011).
Curcumin induces a nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2-driven response against oxidative and nitrative stress after praziquantel treatment in liver fluke-infected hamsters.
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21036872 M.I.Ponferrada-Marín, J.T.Parrilla-Doblas, T.Roldán-Arjona, and R.R.Ariza (2011).
A discontinuous DNA glycosylase domain in a family of enzymes that excise 5-methylcytosine.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 39, 1473-1484.  
20339958 Y.J.Huang, B.B.Zhang, N.Ma, M.Murata, A.Z.Tang, and G.W.Huang (2011).
Nitrative and oxidative DNA damage as potential survival biomarkers for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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20083120 F.Faucher, S.S.Wallace, and S.Doublié (2010).
The C-terminal lysine of Ogg2 DNA glycosylases is a major molecular determinant for guanine/8-oxoguanine distinction.
  J Mol Biol, 397, 46-56.
PDB code: 3knt
20118965 G.M.Li (2010).
Novel molecular insights into the mechanism of GO removal by MutM.
  Cell Res, 20, 116-118.  
20221493 M.Hariharan, S.C.Karunakaran, D.Ramaiah, I.Schulz, and B.Epe (2010).
Photoinduced DNA damage efficiency and cytotoxicity of novel viologen linked pyrene conjugates.
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20464436 P.Cysewski, and P.Czeleń (2010).
Structural and energetic consequences of oxidation of d(ApGpGpGpTpT) telomere repeat unit in complex with TRF1 protein.
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XRCC1, but not APE1 and hOGG1 gene polymorphisms is a risk factor for pterygium.
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19864691 T.Nakamura, S.Meshitsuka, S.Kitagawa, N.Abe, J.Yamada, T.Ishino, H.Nakano, T.Tsuzuki, T.Doi, Y.Kobayashi, S.Fujii, M.Sekiguchi, and Y.Yamagata (2010).
Structural and dynamic features of the MutT protein in the recognition of nucleotides with the mutagenic 8-oxoguanine base.
  J Biol Chem, 285, 444-452.
PDB codes: 3a6s 3a6t 3a6u 3a6v
20974931 Y.G.Mok, R.Uzawa, J.Lee, G.M.Weiner, B.F.Eichman, R.L.Fischer, and J.H.Huh (2010).
Domain structure of the DEMETER 5-methylcytosine DNA glycosylase.
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19920101 A.G.Goodson, M.A.Cotter, P.Cassidy, M.Wade, S.R.Florell, T.Liu, K.M.Boucher, and D.Grossman (2009).
Use of oral N-acetylcysteine for protection of melanocytic nevi against UV-induced oxidative stress: towards a novel paradigm for melanoma chemoprevention.
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19734539 A.Ghosh, M.L.Rossi, J.Aulds, D.Croteau, and V.A.Bohr (2009).
Telomeric D-loops containing 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine are preferred substrates for Werner and Bloom syndrome helicases and are bound by POT1.
  J Biol Chem, 284, 31074-31084.  
19145606 C.G.Yang, K.Garcia, and C.He (2009).
Damage detection and base flipping in direct DNA alkylation repair.
  Chembiochem, 10, 417-423.  
19446526 F.Faucher, S.Duclos, V.Bandaru, S.S.Wallace, and S.Doublié (2009).
Crystal structures of two archaeal 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylases provide structural insight into guanine/8-oxoguanine distinction.
  Structure, 17, 703-712.  
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Structural characterization of Clostridium acetobutylicum 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase in its apo form and in complex with 8-oxodeoxyguanosine.
  J Mol Biol, 387, 669-679.
PDB codes: 3f0z 3f10
19747886 F.Faucher, S.S.Wallace, and S.Doublié (2009).
Structural basis for the lack of opposite base specificity of Clostridium acetobutylicum 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase.
  DNA Repair (Amst), 8, 1283-1289.
PDB codes: 3i0w 3i0x
19449395 G.Barreto, D.Madureira, F.Capani, L.Aon-Bertolino, E.Saraceno, and L.D.Alvarez-Giraldez (2009).
The role of catechols and free radicals in benzene toxicity: An oxidative DNA damage pathway.
  Environ Mol Mutagen, 50, 771-780.  
19012744 H.Kobayashi, K.Fukuhara, S.Tada-Oikawa, Y.Yada, Y.Hiraku, M.Murata, and S.Oikawa (2009).
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19916941 I.R.Grin, P.G.Konorovsky, G.A.Nevinsky, and D.O.Zharkov (2009).
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19920175 M.C.Ho, M.B.Sturm, S.C.Almo, and V.L.Schramm (2009).
Transition state analogues in structures of ricin and saporin ribosome-inactivating proteins.
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PDB codes: 3hio 3hiq 3his 3hit 3hiv 3hiw
19443904 M.Forsbring, E.S.Vik, B.Dalhus, T.H.Karlsen, A.Bergquist, E.Schrumpf, M.Bjørås, K.M.Boberg, and I.Alseth (2009).
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  Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 2549-2559.  
19537786 P.C.Anderson, and V.Daggett (2009).
The R46Q, R131Q and R154H polymorphs of human DNA glycosylase/beta-lyase hOgg1 severely distort the active site and DNA recognition site but do not cause unfolding.
  J Am Chem Soc, 131, 9506-9515.  
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  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 16, 1224-1229.  
19217358 S.D.Kathe, R.Barrantes-Reynolds, P.Jaruga, M.R.Newton, C.J.Burrows, V.Bandaru, M.Dizdaroglu, J.P.Bond, and S.S.Wallace (2009).
Plant and fungal Fpg homologs are formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylases but not 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylases.
  DNA Repair (Amst), 8, 643-653.  
19841264 S.Lee, and G.L.Verdine (2009).
Atomic substitution reveals the structural basis for substrate adenine recognition and removal by adenine DNA glycosylase.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 18497-18502.
PDB code: 3g0q
19524665 V.Panduri, G.Liu, S.Surapureddi, J.Kondapalli, S.Soberanes, N.C.de Souza-Pinto, V.A.Bohr, G.R.Budinger, P.T.Schumacker, S.A.Weitzman, and D.W.Kamp (2009).
Role of mitochondrial hOGG1 and aconitase in oxidant-induced lung epithelial cell apoptosis.
  Free Radic Biol Med, 47, 750-759.  
19674107 V.S.Sidorenko, A.P.Grollman, P.Jaruga, M.Dizdaroglu, and D.O.Zharkov (2009).
Substrate specificity and excision kinetics of natural polymorphic variants and phosphomimetic mutants of human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase.
  FEBS J, 276, 5149-5162.  
19147860 W.Q.Li, L.Zhang, J.L.Ma, Y.Zhang, J.Y.Li, K.F.Pan, and W.C.You (2009).
Association between genetic polymorphisms of DNA base excision repair genes and evolution of precancerous gastric lesions in a Chinese population.
  Carcinogenesis, 30, 500-505.  
19193190 Y.Jiang, Y.Wang, and Y.Wang (2009).
In Vitro Replication and Repair Studies of Tandem Lesions Containing Neighboring Thymidine Glycol and 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine.
  Chem Res Toxicol, 22, 574-583.  
20010681 Y.Qi, M.C.Spong, K.Nam, A.Banerjee, S.Jiralerspong, M.Karplus, and G.L.Verdine (2009).
Encounter and extrusion of an intrahelical lesion by a DNA repair enzyme.
  Nature, 462, 762-766.
PDB codes: 3go8 3gp1 3gpp 3gpu 3gpx 3gpy 3gq3 3gq4 3gq5
18682218 B.R.Bowman, S.Lee, S.Wang, and G.L.Verdine (2008).
Structure of the E. coli DNA glycosylase AlkA bound to the ends of duplex DNA: a system for the structure determination of lesion-containing DNA.
  Structure, 16, 1166-1174.
PDB codes: 3cvs 3cvt 3cw7 3cwa 3cws 3cwt 3cwu
18172202 C.A.Minetti, D.P.Remeta, and K.J.Breslauer (2008).
A continuous hyperchromicity assay to characterize the kinetics and thermodynamics of DNA lesion recognition and base excision.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 70-75.  
18432238 C.G.Yang, C.Yi, E.M.Duguid, C.T.Sullivan, X.Jian, P.A.Rice, and C.He (2008).
Crystal structures of DNA/RNA repair enzymes AlkB and ABH2 bound to dsDNA.
  Nature, 452, 961-965.
PDB codes: 3bi3 3bie 3bkz 3btx 3bty 3btz 3bu0 3buc
18478569 E.I.Salim, K.Morimura, A.Menesi, M.El-Lity, S.Fukushima, and H.Wanibuchi (2008).
Elevated oxidative stress and DNA damage and repair levels in urinary bladder carcinomas associated with schistosomiasis.
  Int J Cancer, 123, 601-608.  
18820295 G.Tamulaitis, M.Zaremba, R.H.Szczepanowski, M.Bochtler, and V.Siksnys (2008).
How PspGI, catalytic domain of EcoRII and Ecl18kI acquire specificities for different DNA targets.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 6101-6108.  
18793663 H.Ma, J.Wang, S.Z.Abdel-Rahman, P.J.Boor, and M.F.Khan (2008).
Oxidative DNA damage and its repair in rat spleen following subchronic exposure to aniline.
  Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 233, 247-253.  
18072751 J.C.Delaney, and J.M.Essigmann (2008).
Biological properties of single chemical-DNA adducts: a twenty year perspective.
  Chem Res Toxicol, 21, 232-252.  
18025045 J.M.Mundt, S.S.Hah, R.A.Sumbad, V.Schramm, and P.T.Henderson (2008).
Incorporation of extracellular 8-oxodG into DNA and RNA requires purine nucleoside phosphorylase in MCF-7 cells.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 228-236.  
18000994 J.T.Stivers (2008).
Extrahelical damaged base recognition by DNA glycosylase enzymes.
  Chemistry, 14, 786-793.  
18160478 L.M.Mullen, S.P.Nair, J.M.Ward, A.N.Rycroft, R.J.Williams, G.Robertson, N.J.Mordan, and B.Henderson (2008).
Novel adhesin from Pasteurella multocida that binds to the integrin-binding fibronectin FnIII9-10 repeats.
  Infect Immun, 76, 1093-1104.  
18166975 M.L.Hegde, T.K.Hazra, and S.Mitra (2008).
Early steps in the DNA base excision/single-strand interruption repair pathway in mammalian cells.
  Cell Res, 18, 27-47.  
18338377 M.Wu, W.Che, and Z.Zhang (2008).
Enhanced sensitivity to DNA damage induced by cooking oil fumes in human OGG1 deficient cells.
  Environ Mol Mutagen, 49, 265-275.  
18154319 N.Krishnamurthy, K.Haraguchi, M.M.Greenberg, and S.S.David (2008).
Efficient removal of formamidopyrimidines by 8-oxoguanine glycosylases.
  Biochemistry, 47, 1043-1050.  
18543945 N.Krishnamurthy, X.Zhao, C.J.Burrows, and S.S.David (2008).
Superior removal of hydantoin lesions relative to other oxidized bases by the human DNA glycosylase hNEIL1.
  Biochemistry, 47, 7137-7146.  
17508410 N.R.Jena, P.S.Kushwaha, and P.C.Mishra (2008).
Reaction of hypochlorous acid with imidazole: formation of 2-chloro- and 2-oxoimidazoles.
  J Comput Chem, 29, 98.  
19102557 P.W.Fok, C.L.Guo, and T.Chou (2008).
Charge-transport-mediated recruitment of DNA repair enzymes.
  J Chem Phys, 129, 235101.  
18578506 S.M.Robey-Bond, R.Barrantes-Reynolds, J.P.Bond, S.S.Wallace, and V.Bandaru (2008).
Clostridium acetobutylicum 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (Ogg) differs from eukaryotic Oggs with respect to opposite base discrimination.
  Biochemistry, 47, 7626-7636.  
17710513 T.Iwamoto, Y.Hiraku, M.Okuda, and S.Kawanishi (2008).
Mechanism of UVA-dependent DNA damage induced by an antitumor drug dacarbazine in relation to its photogenotoxicity.
  Pharm Res, 25, 598-604.  
18557781 V.S.Sidorenko, G.V.Mechetin, G.A.Nevinsky, and D.O.Zharkov (2008).
Ionic strength and magnesium affect the specificity of Escherichia coli and human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylases.
  FEBS J, 275, 3747-3760.  
17410210 A.H.Metz, T.Hollis, and B.F.Eichman (2007).
DNA damage recognition and repair by 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase I (TAG).
  EMBO J, 26, 2411-2420.
PDB codes: 2ofi 2ofk
  19725997 C.Kairupan, and R.J.Scott (2007).
Base excision repair and the role of MUTYH.
  Hered Cancer Clin Pract, 5, 199-209.  
17114185 C.T.Radom, A.Banerjee, and G.L.Verdine (2007).
Structural characterization of human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase variants bearing active site mutations.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 9182-9194.
PDB codes: 2nob 2noe 2nof 2noh 2noi 2nol 2noz
17213818 C.Trapp, K.Reite, A.Klungland, and B.Epe (2007).
Deficiency of the Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) gene aggravates the genomic instability caused by endogenous oxidative DNA base damage in mice.
  Oncogene, 26, 4044-4048.  
17468500 G.Eot-Houllier, M.Gonera, D.Gasparutto, C.Giustranti, and E.Sage (2007).
Interplay between DNA N-glycosylases/AP lyases at multiply damaged sites and biological consequences.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 3355-3366.  
17426120 G.Mao, X.Pan, B.B.Zhu, Y.Zhang, F.Yuan, J.Huang, M.A.Lovell, M.P.Lee, W.R.Markesbery, G.M.Li, and L.Gu (2007).
Identification and characterization of OGG1 mutations in patients with Alzheimer's disease.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 2759-2766.  
17617640 G.Tamulaitis, M.Zaremba, R.H.Szczepanowski, M.Bochtler, and V.Siksnys (2007).
Nucleotide flipping by restriction enzymes analyzed by 2-aminopurine steady-state fluorescence.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 4792-4799.  
17986765 H.Shiba, and S.Takayama (2007).
RNA silencing systems and their relevance to allele-specific DNA methylation in plants.
  Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 71, 2632-2646.  
17396151 I.Leiros, M.P.Nabong, K.Grøsvik, J.Ringvoll, G.T.Haugland, L.Uldal, K.Reite, I.K.Olsbu, I.Knaevelsrud, E.Moe, O.A.Andersen, N.K.Birkeland, P.Ruoff, A.Klungland, and S.Bjelland (2007).
Structural basis for enzymatic excision of N1-methyladenine and N3-methylcytosine from DNA.
  EMBO J, 26, 2206-2217.
PDB codes: 2jhj 2jhn
17485252 J.L.Tubbs, A.E.Pegg, and J.A.Tainer (2007).
DNA binding, nucleotide flipping, and the helix-turn-helix motif in base repair by O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase and its implications for cancer chemotherapy.
  DNA Repair (Amst), 6, 1100-1115.  
17432829 L.Jia, V.Shafirovich, N.E.Geacintov, and S.Broyde (2007).
Lesion specificity in the base excision repair enzyme hNeil1: modeling and dynamics studies.
  Biochemistry, 46, 5305-5314.  
17090545 N.A.Kuznetsov, V.V.Koval, G.A.Nevinsky, K.T.Douglas, D.O.Zharkov, and O.S.Fedorova (2007).
Kinetic conformational analysis of human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 1029-1038.  
17715144 S.Couvé-Privat, G.Macé, F.Rosselli, and M.K.Saparbaev (2007).
Psoralen-induced DNA adducts are substrates for the base excision repair pathway in human cells.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 5672-5682.  
17581577 S.S.David, V.L.O'Shea, and S.Kundu (2007).
Base-excision repair of oxidative DNA damage.
  Nature, 447, 941-950.  
17488337 Y.Hiraku, T.Tabata, N.Ma, M.Murata, X.Ding, and S.Kawanishi (2007).
Nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papilloma virus infection.
  Cancer Sci, 98, 964-972.  
17233833 Y.Hoki, Y.Hiraku, N.Ma, M.Murata, A.Matsumine, M.Nagahama, K.Shintani, A.Uchida, and S.Kawanishi (2007).
iNOS-dependent DNA damage in patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma in relation to prognosis.
  Cancer Sci, 98, 163-168.  
17922646 Z.h.K.Nazarkina, S.N.Khodyreva, S.Marsin, J.P.Radicella, and O.I.Lavrik (2007).
Study of interaction of XRCC1 with DNA and proteins of base excision repair by photoaffinity labeling technique.
  Biochemistry (Mosc), 72, 878-886.  
17015827 A.Banerjee, and G.L.Verdine (2006).
A nucleobase lesion remodels the interaction of its normal neighbor in a DNA glycosylase complex.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 15020-15025.
PDB code: 2i5w
16497933 A.Banerjee, W.L.Santos, and G.L.Verdine (2006).
Structure of a DNA glycosylase searching for lesions.
  Science, 311, 1153-1157.
PDB codes: 2f5n 2f5o 2f5p 2f5q 2f5s
16923968 A.Bravard, M.Vacher, B.Gouget, A.Coutant, F.H.de Boisferon, S.Marsin, S.Chevillard, and J.P.Radicella (2006).
Redox regulation of human OGG1 activity in response to cellular oxidative stress.
  Mol Cell Biol, 26, 7430-7436.  
16500982 A.Krueger, E.Protozanova, and M.D.Frank-Kamenetskii (2006).
Sequence-dependent base pair opening in DNA double helix.
  Biophys J, 90, 3091-3099.  
16282327 E.Malta, G.F.Moolenaar, and N.Goosen (2006).
Base flipping in nucleotide excision repair.
  J Biol Chem, 281, 2184-2194.  
16888824 H.A.Wagenknecht (2006).
The search for single DNA damage among millions of base pairs: DNA glycosylases trapped at work.
  Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 45, 5583-5585.  
16758361 H.Kobayashi, S.Oikawa, and S.Kawanishi (2006).
Mechanism of DNA damage and apoptosis induced by tetrahydropapaveroline, a metabolite of dopamine.
  Neurochem Res, 31, 523-532.  
16549874 J.W.Hill, and M.K.Evans (2006).
Dimerization and opposite base-dependent catalytic impairment of polymorphic S326C OGG1 glycosylase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 1620-1632.  
16478987 K.K.Bhakat, S.K.Mokkapati, I.Boldogh, T.K.Hazra, and S.Mitra (2006).
Acetylation of human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase by p300 and its role in 8-oxoguanine repair in vivo.
  Mol Cell Biol, 26, 1654-1665.  
17002303 K.Y.Kropachev, D.O.Zharkov, and A.P.Grollman (2006).
Catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII: roles of the intercalation loop and the zinc finger.
  Biochemistry, 45, 12039-12049.  
17312959 M.L.Hamm, and K.Billig (2006).
Synthesis, oligonucleotide incorporation and base pair stability of 7-methyl-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine.
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16928690 M.Rogacheva, A.Ishchenko, M.Saparbaev, S.Kuznetsova, and V.Ogryzko (2006).
High resolution characterization of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase interaction with its substrate by chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry using substrate analogs.
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16585517 P.C.Blainey, A.M.van Oijen, A.Banerjee, G.L.Verdine, and X.S.Xie (2006).
A base-excision DNA-repair protein finds intrahelical lesion bases by fast sliding in contact with DNA.
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16771694 S.Kawanishi, and Y.Hiraku (2006).
Oxidative and nitrative DNA damage as biomarker for carcinogenesis with special reference to inflammation.
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16606333 S.Kawanishi, Y.Hiraku, S.Pinlaor, and N.Ma (2006).
Oxidative and nitrative DNA damage in animals and patients with inflammatory diseases in relation to inflammation-related carcinogenesis.
  Biol Chem, 387, 365-372.  
16895795 S.Oikawa, I.Hirosawa, S.Tada-Oikawa, A.Furukawa, K.Nishiura, and S.Kawanishi (2006).
Mechanism for manganese enhancement of dopamine-induced oxidative DNA damage and neuronal cell death.
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16570287 S.Pinlaor, Y.Hiraku, P.Yongvanit, S.Tada-Oikawa, N.Ma, P.Pinlaor, P.Sithithaworn, B.Sripa, M.Murata, S.Oikawa, and S.Kawanishi (2006).
iNOS-dependent DNA damage via NF-kappaB expression in hamsters infected with Opisthorchis viverrini and its suppression by the antihelminthic drug praziquantel.
  Int J Cancer, 119, 1067-1072.  
16805826 T.Umemura, K.Kanki, Y.Kuroiwa, Y.Ishii, K.Okano, T.Nohmi, A.Nishikawa, and M.Hirose (2006).
In vivo mutagenicity and initiation following oxidative DNA lesion in the kidneys of rats given potassium bromate.
  Cancer Sci, 97, 829-835.  
16495121 V.L.Yip, and S.G.Withers (2006).
Breakdown of oligosaccharides by the process of elimination.
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16936822 Y.Ataian, and J.E.Krebs (2006).
Five repair pathways in one context: chromatin modification during DNA repair.
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15800616 A.Banerjee, W.Yang, M.Karplus, and G.L.Verdine (2005).
Structure of a repair enzyme interrogating undamaged DNA elucidates recognition of damaged DNA.
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PDB codes: 1yqk 1yql 1yqm 1yqr
15647508 G.Eot-Houllier, S.Eon-Marchais, D.Gasparutto, and E.Sage (2005).
Processing of a complex multiply damaged DNA site by human cell extracts and purified repair proteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 260-271.  
15642264 G.M.Lingaraju, A.A.Sartori, D.Kostrewa, A.E.Prota, J.Jiricny, and F.K.Winkler (2005).
A DNA glycosylase from Pyrobaculum aerophilum with an 8-oxoguanine binding mode and a noncanonical helix-hairpin-helix structure.
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PDB codes: 1xqo 1xqp
15806602 H.Fujimoto, M.Pinak, T.Nemoto, P.O'Neill, E.Kume, K.Saito, and H.Maekawa (2005).
Molecular dynamics simulation of clustered DNA damage sites containing 8-oxoguanine and abasic site.
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16332175 J.Dorszewska, J.Florczak, A.Rózycka, J.Jaroszewska-Kolecka, W.H.Trzeciak, and W.Kozubski (2005).
Polymorphisms of the CHRNA4 gene encoding the alpha4 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor as related to the oxidative DNA damage and the level of apoptotic proteins in lymphocytes of the patients with Alzheimer's disease.
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15942030 J.Hu, S.Z.Imam, K.Hashiguchi, N.C.de Souza-Pinto, and V.A.Bohr (2005).
Phosphorylation of human oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (alpha-OGG1) modulates its function.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 3271-3282.  
16129732 J.L.Parsons, D.O.Zharkov, and G.L.Dianov (2005).
NEIL1 excises 3' end proximal oxidative DNA lesions resistant to cleavage by NTH1 and OGG1.
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15882618 J.R.Horton, K.Liebert, S.Hattman, A.Jeltsch, and X.Cheng (2005).
Transition from nonspecific to specific DNA interactions along the substrate-recognition pathway of dam methyltransferase.
  Cell, 121, 349-361.
PDB codes: 1yf3 1yfj 1yfl
16188889 J.S.Sung, M.S.DeMott, and B.Demple (2005).
Long-patch base excision DNA repair of 2-deoxyribonolactone prevents the formation of DNA-protein cross-links with DNA polymerase beta.
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15646999 K.Hirakawa, M.Yoshida, A.Nagatsu, H.Mizukami, V.Rana, M.S.Rawat, S.Oikawa, and S.Kawanishi (2005).
Chemopreventive action of xanthone derivatives on photosensitized DNA damage.
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16198231 K.Sakano, M.Mizutani, M.Murata, S.Oikawa, Y.Hiraku, and S.Kawanishi (2005).
Procyanidin B2 has anti- and pro-oxidant effects on metal-mediated DNA damage.
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15800211 L.Luna, V.Rolseth, G.A.Hildrestrand, M.Otterlei, F.Dantzer, M.Bjørås, and E.Seeberg (2005).
Dynamic relocalization of hOGG1 during the cell cycle is disrupted in cells harbouring the hOGG1-Cys326 polymorphic variant.
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16024742 N.A.Kuznetsov, V.V.Koval, D.O.Zharkov, G.A.Nevinsky, K.T.Douglas, and O.S.Fedorova (2005).
Kinetics of substrate recognition and cleavage by human 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 3919-3931.  
16128740 P.Chaiyarit, N.Ma, Y.Hiraku, S.Pinlaor, P.Yongvanit, D.Jintakanon, M.Murata, S.Oikawa, and S.Kawanishi (2005).
Nitrative and oxidative DNA damage in oral lichen planus in relation to human oral carcinogenesis.
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16174844 P.Macpherson, F.Barone, G.Maga, F.Mazzei, P.Karran, and M.Bignami (2005).
8-oxoguanine incorporation into DNA repeats in vitro and mismatch recognition by MutSalpha.
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15800603 S.S.David (2005).
Structural biology: DNA search and rescue.
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15771618 X.Ding, Y.Hiraku, N.Ma, T.Kato, K.Saito, M.Nagahama, R.Semba, K.Kuribayashi, and S.Kawanishi (2005).
Inducible nitric oxide synthase-dependent DNA damage in mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease.
  Cancer Sci, 96, 157-163.  
15604455 A.A.Sartori, G.M.Lingaraju, P.Hunziker, F.K.Winkler, and J.Jiricny (2004).
Pa-AGOG, the founding member of a new family of archaeal 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylases.
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14734554 A.Katafuchi, T.Nakano, A.Masaoka, H.Terato, S.Iwai, F.Hanaoka, and H.Ide (2004).
Differential specificity of human and Escherichia coli endonuclease III and VIII homologues for oxidative base lesions.
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15210696 B.B.Hopkins, and N.O.Reich (2004).
Simultaneous DNA binding, bending, and base flipping: evidence for a novel M.EcoRI methyltransferase-DNA complex.
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15456766 C.Y.Lee, H.Bai, R.Houle, G.M.Wilson, and A.L.Lu (2004).
An Escherichia coli MutY mutant without the six-helix barrel domain is a dimer in solution and assembles cooperatively into multisubunit complexes with DNA.
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15221026 D.S.Daniels, T.T.Woo, K.X.Luu, D.M.Noll, N.D.Clarke, A.E.Pegg, and J.A.Tainer (2004).
DNA binding and nucleotide flipping by the human DNA repair protein AGT.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 11, 714-720.
PDB codes: 1t38 1t39
14607836 E.I.Zaika, R.A.Perlow, E.Matz, S.Broyde, R.Gilboa, A.P.Grollman, and D.O.Zharkov (2004).
Substrate discrimination by formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase: a mutational analysis.
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15249553 F.Coste, M.Ober, T.Carell, S.Boiteux, C.Zelwer, and B.Castaing (2004).
Structural basis for the recognition of the FapydG lesion (2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine) by formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase.
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PDB codes: 1tdz 1xc8
15056851 H.Ide, and M.Kotera (2004).
Human DNA glycosylases involved in the repair of oxidatively damaged DNA.
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15356290 H.P.Shanahan, M.A.Garcia, S.Jones, and J.M.Thornton (2004).
Identifying DNA-binding proteins using structural motifs and the electrostatic potential.
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15449173 I.J.Kim, J.L.Ku, H.C.Kang, J.H.Park, K.A.Yoon, Y.Shin, H.W.Park, S.G.Jang, S.K.Lim, S.Y.Han, Y.K.Shin, M.R.Lee, S.Y.Jeong, H.R.Shin, J.S.Lee, W.H.Kim, and J.G.Park (2004).
Mutational analysis of OGG1, MYH, MTH1 in FAP, HNPCC and sporadic colorectal cancer patients: R154H OGG1 polymorphism is associated with sporadic colorectal cancer patients.
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15102448 J.C.Fromme, A.Banerjee, and G.L.Verdine (2004).
DNA glycosylase recognition and catalysis.
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14961129 J.C.Fromme, A.Banerjee, S.J.Huang, and G.L.Verdine (2004).
Structural basis for removal of adenine mispaired with 8-oxoguanine by MutY adenine DNA glycosylase.
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PDB codes: 1rrq 1rrs 1rrt 1vrl
15494448 K.Hashiguchi, J.A.Stuart, N.C.de Souza-Pinto, and V.A.Bohr (2004).
The C-terminal alphaO helix of human Ogg1 is essential for 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase activity: the mitochondrial beta-Ogg1 lacks this domain and does not have glycosylase activity.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 5596-5608.  
15601999 L.I.Shukla, A.Adhikary, R.Pazdro, D.Becker, and M.D.Sevilla (2004).
Formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine-radicals in gamma-irradiated DNA by multiple one-electron oxidations.
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15388802 M.de Padula, G.Slezak, P.Auffret van Der Kemp, and S.Boiteux (2004).
The post-replication repair RAD18 and RAD6 genes are involved in the prevention of spontaneous mutations caused by 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 5003-5010.  
14752045 P.A.van der Kemp, J.B.Charbonnier, M.Audebert, and S.Boiteux (2004).
Catalytic and DNA-binding properties of the human Ogg1 DNA N-glycosylase/AP lyase: biochemical exploration of H270, Q315 and F319, three amino acids of the 8-oxoguanine-binding pocket.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 570-578.  
15273302 P.Amara, L.Serre, B.Castaing, and A.Thomas (2004).
Insights into the DNA repair process by the formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase investigated by molecular dynamics.
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14688260 P.Daroui, S.D.Desai, T.K.Li, A.A.Liu, and L.F.Liu (2004).
Hydrogen peroxide induces topoisomerase I-mediated DNA damage and cell death.
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15143064 R.A.Estabrook, R.Lipson, B.Hopkins, and N.Reich (2004).
The coupling of tight DNA binding and base flipping: identification of a conserved structural motif in base flipping enzymes.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 31419-31428.  
15326180 R.C.Manuel, K.Hitomi, A.S.Arvai, P.G.House, A.J.Kurtz, M.L.Dodson, A.K.McCullough, J.A.Tainer, and R.S.Lloyd (2004).
Reaction intermediates in the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli MutY DNA glycosylase.
  J Biol Chem, 279, 46930-46939.
PDB codes: 1wef 1weg 1wei
15333942 T.Nakamura, T.Doi, M.Sekiguchi, and Y.Yamagata (2004).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Escherichia coli MutT in binary and ternary complex forms.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 60, 1641-1643.  
14769949 V.V.Koval, N.A.Kuznetsov, D.O.Zharkov, A.A.Ishchenko, K.T.Douglas, G.A.Nevinsky, and O.S.Fedorova (2004).
Pre-steady-state kinetics shows differences in processing of various DNA lesions by Escherichia coli formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 926-935.  
15302911 V.Valinluck, H.H.Tsai, D.K.Rogstad, A.Burdzy, A.Bird, and L.C.Sowers (2004).
Oxidative damage to methyl-CpG sequences inhibits the binding of the methyl-CpG binding domain (MBD) of methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2).
  Nucleic Acids Res, 32, 4100-4108.  
15128940 Y.Choi, J.J.Harada, R.B.Goldberg, and R.L.Fischer (2004).
An invariant aspartic acid in the DNA glycosylase domain of DEMETER is necessary for transcriptional activation of the imprinted MEDEA gene.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 7481-7486.  
14661275 A.David, N.Bleimling, C.Beuck, J.M.Lehn, E.Weinhold, and M.P.Teulade-Fichou (2003).
DNA mismatch-specific base flipping by a bisacridine macrocycle.
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12667065 A.L.Lu, and P.M.Wright (2003).
Characterization of an Escherichia coli mutant MutY with a cysteine to alanine mutation at the iron-sulfur cluster domain.
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14517230 B.F.Eichman, E.J.O'Rourke, J.P.Radicella, and T.Ellenberger (2003).
Crystal structures of 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase MagIII and the recognition of alkylated bases.
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PDB codes: 1pu6 1pu7 1pu8
  14522053 E.M.Duguid, Y.Mishina, and C.He (2003).
How do DNA repair proteins locate potential base lesions? a chemical crosslinking method to investigate O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases.
  Chem Biol, 10, 827-835.  
12655006 F.Barone, E.Dogliotti, L.Cellai, C.Giordano, M.Bjørås, and F.Mazzei (2003).
Influence of DNA torsional rigidity on excision of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine in the presence of opposing abasic sites by human OGG1 protein.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 31, 1897-1903.  
14527324 G.L.Verdine, and D.P.Norman (2003).
Covalent trapping of protein-DNA complexes.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 72, 337-366.  
14522990 H.Dou, S.Mitra, and T.K.Hazra (2003).
Repair of oxidized bases in DNA bubble structures by human DNA glycosylases NEIL1 and NEIL2.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 49679-49684.  
12840008 J.C.Fromme, and G.L.Verdine (2003).
Structure of a trapped endonuclease III-DNA covalent intermediate.
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PDB codes: 1orn 1orp 1p59
14525999 J.C.Fromme, and G.L.Verdine (2003).
DNA lesion recognition by the bacterial repair enzyme MutM.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 51543-51548.
PDB codes: 1r2y 1r2z
12592398 J.C.Fromme, S.D.Bruner, W.Yang, M.Karplus, and G.L.Verdine (2003).
Product-assisted catalysis in base-excision DNA repair.
  Nat Struct Biol, 10, 204-211.
PDB codes: 1hu0 1lwv 1lww 1lwy
12799430 L.Li, and A.L.Lu (2003).
The C-terminal domain of Escherichia coli MutY is involved in DNA binding and glycosylase activities.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 31, 3038-3049.  
14503888 M.D.Leipold, H.Workman, J.G.Muller, C.J.Burrows, and S.S.David (2003).
Recognition and removal of oxidized guanines in duplex DNA by the base excision repair enzymes hOGG1, yOGG1, and yOGG2.
  Biochemistry, 42, 11373-11381.  
  12899941 P.Mistry, and K.E.Herbert (2003).
Modulation of hOGG1 DNA repair enzyme in human cultured cells in response to pro-oxidant and antioxidant challenge.
  Free Radic Biol Med, 35, 397-405.  
12456671 P.Wu, C.Qiu, A.Sohail, X.Zhang, A.S.Bhagwat, and X.Cheng (2003).
Mismatch repair in methylated DNA. Structure and activity of the mismatch-specific thymine glycosylase domain of methyl-CpG-binding protein MBD4.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 5285-5291.
PDB code: 1ngn
12841596 S.K.Chen, W.A.Hsieh, M.H.Tsai, C.C.Chen, A.I.Hong, Y.H.Wei, and W.P.Chang (2003).
Age-associated decrease of oxidative repair enzymes, human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylases (hOgg1), in human aging.
  J Radiat Res (Tokyo), 44, 31-35.  
12719419 T.Nakano, H.Terato, K.Asagoshi, A.Masaoka, M.Mukuta, Y.Ohyama, T.Suzuki, K.Makino, and H.Ide (2003).
DNA-protein cross-link formation mediated by oxanine. A novel genotoxic mechanism of nitric oxide-induced DNA damage.
  J Biol Chem, 278, 25264-25272.  
12949492 W.Xie, X.Liu, and R.H.Huang (2003).
Chemical trapping and crystal structure of a catalytic tRNA guanine transglycosylase covalent intermediate.
  Nat Struct Biol, 10, 781-788.
PDB codes: 1q2r 1q2s
12056884 A.A.Ishchenko, N.L.Vasilenko, O.I.Sinitsina, V.I.Yamkovoy, O.S.Fedorova, K.T.Douglas, and G.A.Nevinsky (2002).
Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural basis for recognition and repair of 8-oxoguanine in DNA by Fpg protein from Escherichia coli.
  Biochemistry, 41, 7540-7548.  
12161745 A.C.Drohat, K.Kwon, D.J.Krosky, and J.T.Stivers (2002).
3-Methyladenine DNA glycosylase I is an unexpected helix-hairpin-helix superfamily member.
  Nat Struct Biol, 9, 659-664.
PDB code: 1lmz
12033436 B.Epe (2002).
Role of endogenous oxidative DNA damage in carcinogenesis: what can we learn from repair-deficient mice?
  Biol Chem, 383, 467-475.  
12453426 C.F.Huggins, D.R.Chafin, S.Aoyagi, L.A.Henricksen, R.A.Bambara, and J.J.Hayes (2002).
Flap endonuclease 1 efficiently cleaves base excision repair and DNA replication intermediates assembled into nucleosomes.
  Mol Cell, 10, 1201-1211.  
  12057763 D.O.Zharkov, and A.P.Grollman (2002).
Combining structural and bioinformatics methods for the analysis of functionally important residues in DNA glycosylases.
  Free Radic Biol Med, 32, 1254-1263.  
11847126 D.O.Zharkov, G.Golan, R.Gilboa, A.S.Fernandes, S.E.Gerchman, J.H.Kycia, R.A.Rieger, A.P.Grollman, and G.Shoham (2002).
Structural analysis of an Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII covalent reaction intermediate.
  EMBO J, 21, 789-800.
PDB codes: 1k3w 1k3x
12034838 E.E.Verhoeven, M.van Kesteren, J.J.Turner, G.A.van der Marel, J.H.van Boom, G.F.Moolenaar, and N.Goosen (2002).
The C-terminal region of Escherichia coli UvrC contributes to the flexibility of the UvrABC nucleotide excision repair system.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 30, 2492-2500.  
12034821 F.Dantzer, L.Luna, M.Bjørås, and E.Seeberg (2002).
Human OGG1 undergoes serine phosphorylation and associates with the nuclear matrix and mitotic chromatin in vivo.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 30, 2349-2357.  
12055620 J.C.Fromme, and G.L.Verdine (2002).
Structural insights into lesion recognition and repair by the bacterial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase MutM.
  Nat Struct Biol, 9, 544-552.
PDB codes: 1l1t 1l1z 1l2b 1l2c 1l2d
11788718 J.C.Shiels, J.B.Tuite, S.J.Nolan, and A.M.Baranger (2002).
Investigation of a conserved stacking interaction in target site recognition by the U1A protein.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 30, 550-558.  
12462639 K.Hirakawa, M.Aoshima, Y.Hiraku, and S.Kawanishi (2002).
Photohydrolysis of methotrexate produces pteridine, which induces poly-G-specific DNA damage through photoinduced electron transfer.
  Photochem Photobiol, 76, 467-472.  
12198481 K.S.Yan, and M.M.Zhou (2002).
TAGging the target for damage control.
  Nat Struct Biol, 9, 638-640.  
12065399 L.Serre, K.Pereira de Jésus, S.Boiteux, C.Zelwer, and B.Castaing (2002).
Crystal structure of the Lactococcus lactis formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase bound to an abasic site analogue-containing DNA.
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PDB code: 1kfv
11822460 L.T.Burgdorf, and T.Carell (2002).
Synthesis, stability, and conformation of the formamidopyrimidine G DNA lesion.
  Chemistry, 8, 293-301.  
11814345 O.S.Fedorova, G.A.Nevinsky, V.V.Koval, A.A.Ishchenko, N.L.Vasilenko, and K.T.Douglas (2002).
Stopped-flow kinetic studies of the interaction between Escherichia coli Fpg protein and DNA substrates.
  Biochemistry, 41, 1520-1528.  
12511044 P.A.van der Kemp, J.C.Blais, M.Bazin, S.Boiteux, and R.Santus (2002).
Ultraviolet-B-induced inactivation of human OGG1, the repair enzyme for removal of 8-oxoguanine in DNA.
  Photochem Photobiol, 76, 640-648.  
11912217 R.Gilboa, D.O.Zharkov, G.Golan, A.S.Fernandes, S.E.Gerchman, E.Matz, J.H.Kycia, A.P.Grollman, and G.Shoham (2002).
Structure of formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase covalently complexed to DNA.
  J Biol Chem, 277, 19811-19816.
PDB code: 1k82
  12057762 S.Boiteux, L.Gellon, and N.Guibourt (2002).
Repair of 8-oxoguanine in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: interplay of DNA repair and replication mechanisms.
  Free Radic Biol Med, 32, 1244-1253.  
  12426132 S.Kawanishi, S.Oikawa, S.Inoue, and K.Nishino (2002).
Distinct mechanisms of oxidative DNA damage induced by carcinogenic nickel subsulfide and nickel oxides.
  Environ Health Perspect, 110, 789-791.  
  11978484 S.Kawanishi, Y.Hiraku, M.Murata, and S.Oikawa (2002).
The role of metals in site-specific DNA damage with reference to carcinogenesis.
  Free Radic Biol Med, 32, 822-832.  
12220189 Y.L.Jiang, and J.T.Stivers (2002).
Mutational analysis of the base-flipping mechanism of uracil DNA glycosylase.
  Biochemistry, 41, 11236-11247.  
11788726 Y.N.Fondufe-Mittendorf, C.Härer, W.Kramer, and H.J.Fritz (2002).
Two amino acid replacements change the substrate preference of DNA mismatch glycosylase Mig.MthI from T/G to A/G.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 30, 614-621.  
11238994 A.E.Vidal, I.D.Hickson, S.Boiteux, and J.P.Radicella (2001).
Mechanism of stimulation of the DNA glycosylase activity of hOGG1 by the major human AP endonuclease: bypass of the AP lyase activity step.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 1285-1292.  
11264462 C.J.Norbury, and I.D.Hickson (2001).
Cellular responses to DNA damage.
  Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 41, 367-401.  
11205335 C.Ma, and L.M.Staudt (2001).
Molecular definition of the germinal centre stage of B-cell differentiation.
  Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, 356, 83-89.  
11689453 G.F.Moolenaar, L.Höglund, and N.Goosen (2001).
Clue to damage recognition by UvrB: residues in the beta-hairpin structure prevent binding to non-damaged DNA.
  EMBO J, 20, 6140-6149.  
11160880 H.Yang, I.T.Phan, S.Fitz-Gibbon, M.K.Shivji, R.D.Wood, W.M.Clendenin, E.C.Hyman, and J.H.Miller (2001).
A thermostable endonuclease III homolog from the archaeon Pyrobaculum aerophilum.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 604-613.  
11325592 K.Kino, and H.Sugiyama (2001).
Possible cause of G-C-->C-G transversion mutation by guanine oxidation product, imidazolone.
  Chem Biol, 8, 369-378.  
11554447 K.Shinmura, and J.Yokota (2001).
The OGG1 gene encodes a repair enzyme for oxidatively damaged DNA and is involved in human carcinogenesis.
  Antioxid Redox Signal, 3, 597-609.  
11687495 M.A.Shogren-Knaak, P.J.Alaimo, and K.M.Shokat (2001).
Recent advances in chemical approaches to the study of biological systems.
  Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 17, 405-433.  
11223884 O.D.Schärer, and J.Jiricny (2001).
Recent progress in the biology, chemistry and structural biology of DNA glycosylases.
  Bioessays, 23, 270-281.  
  11223405 S.Kawanishi, Y.Hiraku, and S.Oikawa (2001).
Mechanism of guanine-specific DNA damage by oxidative stress and its role in carcinogenesis and aging.
  Mutat Res, 488, 65-76.  
  11578921 T.Carell, L.T.Burgdorf, L.M.Kundu, and M.Cichon (2001).
The mechanism of action of DNA photolyases.
  Curr Opin Chem Biol, 5, 491-498.  
11448535 T.Hanaoka, H.Sugimura, K.Nagura, M.Ihara, X.J.Li, G.S.Hamada, I.Nishimoto, L.P.Kowalski, J.Yokota, and S.Tsugane (2001).
hOGG1 exon7 polymorphism and gastric cancer in case-control studies of Japanese Brazilians and non-Japanese Brazilians.
  Cancer Lett, 170, 53-61.  
11557810 X.Cheng, and R.J.Roberts (2001).
AdoMet-dependent methylation, DNA methyltransferases and base flipping.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 3784-3795.  
11591657 X.Li, and A.L.Lu (2001).
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of the MutY homolog of Deinococcus radiodurans.
  J Bacteriol, 183, 6151-6158.  
11291067 Y.Hiraku, N.Yamashita, M.Nishiguchi, and S.Kawanishi (2001).
Catechol estrogens induce oxidative DNA damage and estradiol enhances cell proliferation.
  Int J Cancer, 92, 333-337.  
11106395 A.Y.Lau, M.D.Wyatt, B.J.Glassner, L.D.Samson, and T.Ellenberger (2000).
Molecular basis for discriminating between normal and damaged bases by the human alkyladenine glycosylase, AAG.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 13573-13578.
PDB codes: 1ewn 1f4r 1f6o
11121025 E.H.Postel, B.M.Abramczyk, M.N.Levit, and S.Kyin (2000).
Catalysis of DNA cleavage and nucleoside triphosphate synthesis by NM23-H2/NDP kinase share an active site that implies a DNA repair function.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 14194-14199.  
11093817 H.Wikman, A.Risch, F.Klimek, P.Schmezer, B.Spiegelhalder, H.Dienemann, K.Kayser, V.Schulz, P.Drings, and H.Bartsch (2000).
hOGG1 polymorphism and loss of heterozygosity (LOH): significance for lung cancer susceptibility in a caucasian population.
  Int J Cancer, 88, 932-937.  
11060780 H.Wiseman (2000).
The therapeutic potential of phytoestrogens.
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10908322 M.Audebert, J.P.Radicella, and M.Dizdaroglu (2000).
Effect of single mutations in the OGG1 gene found in human tumors on the substrate specificity of the Ogg1 protein.
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10921868 M.Sugahara, T.Mikawa, T.Kumasaka, M.Yamamoto, R.Kato, K.Fukuyama, Y.Inoue, and S.Kuramitsu (2000).
Crystal structure of a repair enzyme of oxidatively damaged DNA, MutM (Fpg), from an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8.
  EMBO J, 19, 3857-3869.
PDB code: 1ee8
11000262 P.E.Verdemato, J.A.Brannigan, C.Damblon, F.Zuccotto, P.C.Moody, and L.Y.Lian (2000).
DNA-binding mechanism of the Escherichia coli Ada O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 3710-3718.  
12760025 S.D.Bruner, D.P.Norman, J.C.Fromme, and G.L.Verdine (2000).
Structural and mechanistic studies on repair of 8-oxoguanine in mammalian cells.
  Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 65, 103-111.  
12760037 S.E.Tsutakawa, and K.Morikawa (2000).
New recognition mode for a TG mismatch: the atomic structure of a very short patch repair endonuclease-DNA complex.
  Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 65, 233-239.  
12760027 T.Lindahl, and D.E.Barnes (2000).
Repair of endogenous DNA damage.
  Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol, 65, 127-133.  
11095667 X.Li, and A.L.Lu (2000).
Intact MutY and its catalytic domain differentially contact with A/8-oxoG-containing DNA.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 4593-4603.  
10908318 X.Shao, and N.V.Grishin (2000).
Common fold in helix-hairpin-helix proteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 2643-2650.  
The most recent references are shown first. Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be only a partial list as not all journals are covered by either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data so more and more references will be included with time. Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB code is shown on the right.