spacer
spacer
Go to PDB code: 
protein dna_rna ligands Protein-protein interface(s) links
Transcription/DNA PDB id
1cgp
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
197 a.a. *
DNA/RNA
Ligands
CMP ×2
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1cgp
Name: Transcription/DNA
Title: Catabolite gene activator protein (cap)/DNA complex + adenosine-3',5'-cyclic-monophosphate
Structure: DNA (5'- d( Gp Cp Gp Ap Ap Ap Ap Gp Tp Gp Tp Gp Ap Cp Ap Tp Ap T)- 3'). Chain: c, e. Engineered: yes. DNA (5'- d( Gp Tp Cp Ap Cp Ap Cp Tp Tp Tp Tp Cp G)-3'). Chain: d, f. Engineered: yes.
Source: Synthetic: yes. Escherichia coli. Organism_taxid: 562
Biol. unit: Dimer (from PQS)
Resolution:
3.00Å     R-factor:   0.235    
Authors: S.C.Schultz,G.C Shields,T.A.Steitz
Key ref: S.C.Schultz et al. (1991). Crystal structure of a CAP-DNA complex: the DNA is bent by 90 degrees. Science, 253, 1001-1007. PubMed id: 1653449 DOI: 10.1126/science.1653449
Date:
12-Aug-91     Release date:   31-Jan-94    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chains
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P0ACJ8  (CRP_ECOLI) -  Catabolite gene activator
Seq:
Struc:
210 a.a.
197 a.a.
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain

 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     intracellular   1 term 
  Biological process     regulation of transcription   3 terms 
  Biochemical function     nucleotide binding     7 terms  

 

 
DOI no: 10.1126/science.1653449 Science 253:1001-1007 (1991)
PubMed id: 1653449  
 
 
Crystal structure of a CAP-DNA complex: the DNA is bent by 90 degrees.
S.C.Schultz, G.C.Shields, T.A.Steitz.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
The 3 angstrom resolution crystal structure of the Escherichia coli catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) complexed with a 30-base pair DNA sequence shows that the DNA is bent by 90 degrees. This bend results almost entirely from two 40 degrees kinks that occur between TG/CA base pairs at positions 5 and 6 on each side of the dyad axis of the complex. DNA sequence discrimination by CAP derives both from sequence-dependent distortion of the DNA helix and from direct hydrogen-bonding interactions between three protein side chains and the exposed edges of three base pairs in the major groove of the DNA. The structure of this transcription factor--DNA complex provides insights into possible mechanisms of transcription activation.
 

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
20703307 A.P.Zhang, Y.Z.Pigli, and P.A.Rice (2010).
Structure of the LexA-DNA complex and implications for SOS box measurement.
  Nature, 466, 883-886.  
20185570 B.Chen, Y.Xiao, C.Liu, C.Li, and F.Leng (2010).
DNA linking number change induced by sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 38, 3643-3654.  
20494996 E.L.Fuchs, E.D.Brutinel, A.K.Jones, N.B.Fulcher, M.L.Urbanowski, T.L.Yahr, and M.C.Wolfgang (2010).
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Vfr regulator controls global virulence factor expression through cyclic AMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
  J Bacteriol, 192, 3553-3564.  
19926656 H.Zhao, A.Volkov, V.H.Veldore, J.A.Hoch, and K.I.Varughese (2010).
Crystal structure of the transcriptional repressor PagR of Bacillus anthracis.
  Microbiology, 156, 385-391.  
20108951 J.D.Ballin, J.P.Prevas, C.R.Ross, E.A.Toth, G.M.Wilson, and M.T.Record (2010).
Contributions of the histidine side chain and the N-terminal alpha-amino group to the binding thermodynamics of oligopeptides to nucleic acids as a function of pH.
  Biochemistry, 49, 2018-2030.  
20478077 J.P.Peters, and L.J.Maher (2010).
DNA curvature and flexibility in vitro and in vivo.
  Q Rev Biophys, 43, 23-63.  
19854903 J.R.Wickstrum, J.M.Skredenske, V.Balasubramaniam, K.Jones, and S.M.Egan (2010).
The AraC/XylS family activator RhaS negatively autoregulates rhaSR expression by preventing cyclic AMP receptor protein activation.
  J Bacteriol, 192, 225-232.  
20616047 M.X.Zhao, Y.L.Jiang, Y.X.He, Y.F.Chen, Y.B.Teng, Y.Chen, C.C.Zhang, and C.Z.Zhou (2010).
Structural basis for the allosteric control of the global transcription factor NtcA by the nitrogen starvation signal 2-oxoglutarate.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107, 12487-12492.
PDB codes: 3la2 3la3 3la7
20334529 R.Rohs, X.Jin, S.M.West, R.Joshi, B.Honig, and R.S.Mann (2010).
Origins of specificity in protein-DNA recognition.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 79, 233-269.  
20823675 T.Yamashita (2010).
[Recent studies on gas sensors, CooA, FixL, and Dos]
  Yakugaku Zasshi, 130, 1181-1187.  
19261852 A.J.Jervis, J.C.Crack, G.White, P.J.Artymiuk, M.R.Cheesman, A.J.Thomson, N.E.Le Brun, and J.Green (2009).
The O2 sensitivity of the transcription factor FNR is controlled by Ser24 modulating the kinetics of [4Fe-4S] to [2Fe-2S] conversion.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 4659-4664.  
19594171 A.J.Lee, R.W.Clark, H.Youn, S.Ponter, and J.N.Burstyn (2009).
Guanidine hydrochloride-induced unfolding of the three heme coordination states of the CO-sensing transcription factor, CooA.
  Biochemistry, 48, 6585-6597.  
19949442 A.Vindigni, and I.D.Hickson (2009).
RecQ helicases: multiple structures for multiple functions?
  HFSP J, 3, 153-164.  
  19903881 B.P.Hudson, J.Quispe, S.Lara-González, Y.Kim, H.M.Berman, E.Arnold, R.H.Ebright, and C.L.Lawson (2009).
Three-dimensional EM structure of an intact activator-dependent transcription initiation complex.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 19830-19835.
PDB code: 3iyd
19518837 E.F.Koslover, and A.J.Spakowitz (2009).
Twist- and tension-mediated elastic coupling between DNA-binding proteins.
  Phys Rev Lett, 102, 178102.  
19415759 G.Giardina, S.Rinaldo, N.Castiglione, M.Caruso, and F.Cutruzzolà (2009).
A dramatic conformational rearrangement is necessary for the activation of DNR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Crystal structure of wild-type DNR.
  Proteins, 77, 174-180.
PDB code: 3dkw
19643606 H.S.Lee, R.D.Dimla, and P.G.Schultz (2009).
Protein-DNA photo-crosslinking with a genetically encoded benzophenone-containing amino acid.
  Bioorg Med Chem Lett, 19, 5222-5224.  
19805344 H.Sharma, S.Yu, J.Kong, J.Wang, and T.A.Steitz (2009).
Structure of apo-CAP reveals that large conformational changes are necessary for DNA binding.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 16604-16609.
PDB codes: 3fwe 3hif
20001804 K.Gurova (2009).
New hopes from old drugs: revisiting DNA-binding small molecules as anticancer agents.
  Future Oncol, 5, 1685-1704.  
19146659 M.Xu, and Z.Su (2009).
Computational prediction of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) binding sites in cyanobacterial genomes.
  BMC Genomics, 10, 23.  
19359484 N.Popovych, S.R.Tzeng, M.Tonelli, R.H.Ebright, and C.G.Kalodimos (2009).
Structural basis for cAMP-mediated allosteric control of the catabolite activator protein.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 106, 6927-6932.
PDB code: 2wc2
19726198 P.L.Privalov, A.I.Dragan, and C.Crane-Robinson (2009).
The cost of DNA bending.
  Trends Biochem Sci, 34, 464-470.  
19150358 R.D.Shereda, N.J.Reiter, S.E.Butcher, and J.L.Keck (2009).
Identification of the SSB binding site on E. coli RecQ reveals a conserved surface for binding SSB's C terminus.
  J Mol Biol, 386, 612-625.  
19924217 S.R.Tzeng, and C.G.Kalodimos (2009).
Dynamic activation of an allosteric regulatory protein.
  Nature, 462, 368-372.  
19509310 T.Kumarevel, T.Tanaka, T.Umehara, and S.Yokoyama (2009).
ST1710-DNA complex crystal structure reveals the DNA binding mechanism of the MarR family of regulators.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 37, 4723-4735.
PDB codes: 3gez 3gf2 3gfi 3gfj 3gfl 3gfm
19432796 U.M.Pinto, and S.C.Winans (2009).
Dimerization of the quorum-sensing transcription factor TraR enhances resistance to cytoplasmic proteolysis.
  Mol Microbiol, 73, 32-42.  
18599828 C.D.Doern, R.C.Holder, and S.D.Reid (2008).
Point mutations within the streptococcal regulator of virulence (Srv) alter protein-DNA interactions and Srv function.
  Microbiology, 154, 1998-2007.  
18332206 D.M.Hunt, J.W.Saldanha, J.F.Brennan, P.Benjamin, M.Strom, J.A.Cole, C.L.Spreadbury, and R.S.Buxton (2008).
Single nucleotide polymorphisms that cause structural changes in the cyclic AMP receptor protein transcriptional regulator of the tuberculosis vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG alter global gene expression without attenuating growth.
  Infect Immun, 76, 2227-2234.  
18477633 D.Svozil, J.Kalina, M.Omelka, and B.Schneider (2008).
DNA conformations and their sequence preferences.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 3690-3706.  
18805988 E.Olmedo-Verd, A.Valladares, E.Flores, A.Herrero, and A.M.Muro-Pastor (2008).
Role of two NtcA-binding sites in the complex ntcA gene promoter of the heterocyst-forming cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120.
  J Bacteriol, 190, 7584-7590.  
18456811 H.Youn, J.Koh, and G.P.Roberts (2008).
Two-state allosteric modeling suggests protein equilibrium as an integral component for cyclic AMP (cAMP) specificity in the cAMP receptor protein of Escherichia coli.
  J Bacteriol, 190, 4532-4540.  
18466918 I.Lozada-Chávez, V.E.Angarica, J.Collado-Vides, and B.Contreras-Moreira (2008).
The role of DNA-binding specificity in the evolution of bacterial regulatory networks.
  J Mol Biol, 379, 627-643.  
18515839 M.Gao, and J.Skolnick (2008).
DBD-Hunter: a knowledge-based method for the prediction of DNA-protein interactions.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 3978-3992.  
18653536 S.Lindemose, P.E.Nielsen, and N.E.Møllegaard (2008).
Dissecting direct and indirect readout of cAMP receptor protein DNA binding using an inosine and 2,6-diaminopurine in vitro selection system.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 36, 4797-4807.  
18502761 S.R.Coffin, and N.O.Reich (2008).
Modulation of Escherichia coli DNA methyltransferase activity by biologically derived GATC-flanking sequences.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 20106-20116.  
18922190 V.E.Angarica, A.G.Pérez, A.T.Vasconcelos, J.Collado-Vides, and B.Contreras-Moreira (2008).
Prediction of TF target sites based on atomistic models of protein-DNA complexes.
  BMC Bioinformatics, 9, 436.  
18600227 X.J.Lu, and W.K.Olson (2008).
3DNA: a versatile, integrated software system for the analysis, rebuilding and visualization of three-dimensional nucleic-acid structures.
  Nat Protoc, 3, 1213-1227.  
18699868 Y.Agari, A.Kashihara, S.Yokoyama, S.Kuramitsu, and A.Shinkai (2008).
Global gene expression mediated by Thermus thermophilus SdrP, a CRP/FNR family transcriptional regulator.
  Mol Microbiol, 70, 60-75.
PDB code: 2zcw
18022770 Y.Akhter, S.Yellaboina, A.Farhana, A.Ranjan, N.Ahmed, and S.E.Hasnain (2008).
Genome scale portrait of cAMP-receptor protein (CRP) regulons in mycobacteria points to their role in pathogenesis.
  Gene, 407, 148-158.  
18514225 Y.Shao, L.S.Feldman-Cohen, and R.Osuna (2008).
Biochemical identification of base and phosphate contacts between Fis and a high-affinity DNA binding site.
  J Mol Biol, 380, 327-339.  
17763923 Y.Tutar (2008).
Chemical Linkage at Allosteric Activation of E. coli cAMP Receptor Protein.
  Protein J, 27, 21-29.  
18338329 Y.Tutar (2008).
Syn, anti, and finally both conformations of cyclic AMP are involved in the CRP-dependent transcription initiation mechanism in E. coli lac operon.
  Cell Biochem Funct, 26, 399-405.  
18197260 Z.Xu, Y.Zhou, L.Li, R.Zhou, S.Xiao, Y.Wan, S.Zhang, K.Wang, W.Li, L.Li, H.Jin, M.Kang, B.Dalai, T.Li, L.Liu, Y.Cheng, L.Zhang, T.Xu, H.Zheng, S.Pu, B.Wang, W.Gu, X.L.Zhang, G.F.Zhu, S.Wang, G.P.Zhao, and H.Chen (2008).
Genome Biology of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae JL03, an Isolate of Serotype 3 Prevalent in China.
  PLoS ONE, 3, e1450.  
17089162 A.Myari, N.Hadjiliadis, A.Garoufis, J.Malina, and V.Brabec (2007).
NMR analysis of duplex d(CGCGATCGCG)2 modified by Lambda- and Delta-[Ru(bpy)2(m-GHK)]Cl2 and DNA photocleavage study.
  J Biol Inorg Chem, 12, 279-292.  
17369302 A.Shinkai, S.Kira, N.Nakagawa, A.Kashihara, S.Kuramitsu, and S.Yokoyama (2007).
Transcription activation mediated by a cyclic AMP receptor protein from Thermus thermophilus HB8.
  J Bacteriol, 189, 3891-3901.  
17211887 A.T.Macias, N.K.Banavali, and A.D.MacKerell (2007).
DNA bending induced by carbocyclic sugar analogs constrained to the north conformation.
  Biopolymers, 85, 438-449.  
16782261 D.F.Stickle, and M.G.Fried (2007).
Cation binding linked to a sequence-specific CAP-DNA interaction.
  Biophys Chem, 126, 106-116.  
17214883 F.Spyrakis, P.Cozzini, C.Bertoli, A.Marabotti, G.E.Kellogg, and A.Mozzarelli (2007).
Energetics of the protein-DNA-water interaction.
  BMC Struct Biol, 7, 4.  
17375187 I.Laponogov, D.A.Veselkov, M.K.Sohi, X.S.Pan, A.Achari, C.Yang, J.D.Ferrara, L.M.Fisher, and M.R.Sanderson (2007).
Breakage-reunion domain of Streptococcus pneumoniae topoisomerase IV: crystal structure of a gram-positive quinolone target.
  PLoS ONE, 2, e301.
PDB code: 2nov
17267605 J.C.Crack, J.Green, M.R.Cheesman, N.E.Le Brun, and A.J.Thomson (2007).
Superoxide-mediated amplification of the oxygen-induced switch from [4Fe-4S] to [2Fe-2S] clusters in the transcriptional regulator FNR.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 2092-2097.  
17557828 J.Makhlin, T.Kofman, I.Borovok, C.Kohler, S.Engelmann, G.Cohen, and Y.Aharonowitz (2007).
Staphylococcus aureus ArcR controls expression of the arginine deiminase operon.
  J Bacteriol, 189, 5976-5986.  
17906152 J.Xiong, C.E.Bauer, and A.Pancholy (2007).
Insight into the haem d1 biosynthesis pathway in heliobacteria through bioinformatics analysis.
  Microbiology, 153, 3548-3562.  
17652321 K.Yamasaki, T.Akiba, T.Yamasaki, and K.Harata (2007).
Structural basis for recognition of the matrix attachment region of DNA by transcription factor SATB1.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 5073-5084.
PDB codes: 2o49 2o4a
17406679 L.Saiz, and J.M.Vilar (2007).
Multilevel deconstruction of the in vivo behavior of looped DNA-protein complexes.
  PLoS ONE, 2, e355.  
17327664 M.Borjigin, H.Li, N.D.Lanz, R.L.Kerby, G.P.Roberts, and T.L.Poulos (2007).
Structure-based hypothesis on the activation of the CO-sensing transcription factor CooA.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 63, 282-287.
PDB code: 2hkx
17905816 P.S.Pallan, P.Lubini, M.Bolli, and M.Egli (2007).
Backbone-base inclination as a fundamental determinant of nucleic acid self- and cross-pairing.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 35, 6611-6624.  
16427082 A.A.Napoli, C.L.Lawson, R.H.Ebright, and H.M.Berman (2006).
Indirect readout of DNA sequence at the primary-kink site in the CAP-DNA complex: recognition of pyrimidine-purine and purine-purine steps.
  J Mol Biol, 357, 173-183.
PDB codes: 1zrc 1zrd 1zre 1zrf
17068078 A.D.Cameron, and R.J.Redfield (2006).
Non-canonical CRP sites control competence regulons in Escherichia coli and many other gamma-proteobacteria.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 6001-6014.  
16945905 E.R.Schreiter, S.C.Wang, D.B.Zamble, and C.L.Drennan (2006).
NikR-operator complex structure and the mechanism of repressor activation by metal ions.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103, 13676-13681.
PDB codes: 2hza 2hzv
16492152 G.Han, C.T.Martin, and V.M.Rotello (2006).
Stability of gold nanoparticle-bound DNA toward biological, physical, and chemical agents.
  Chem Biol Drug Des, 67, 78-82.  
  16682779 H.Komori, K.Satomoto, Y.Ueda, N.Shibata, S.Inagaki, S.Yoshioka, S.Aono, and Y.Higuchi (2006).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of CooA from Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans.
  Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun, 62, 471-473.  
16796679 H.Reents, I.Gruner, U.Harmening, L.H.Böttger, G.Layer, P.Heathcote, A.X.Trautwein, D.Jahn, and E.Härtig (2006).
Bacillus subtilis Fnr senses oxygen via a [4Fe-4S] cluster coordinated by three cysteine residues without change in the oligomeric state.
  Mol Microbiol, 60, 1432-1445.  
16586530 K.Fukuzawa, Y.Komeiji, Y.Mochizuki, A.Kato, T.Nakano, and S.Tanaka (2006).
Intra- and intermolecular interactions between cyclic-AMP receptor protein and DNA: ab initio fragment molecular orbital study.
  J Comput Chem, 27, 948-960.  
16547048 K.Gábor, C.S.Veríssimo, B.C.Cyran, P.Ter Horst, N.P.Meijer, H.Smidt, W.M.de Vos, and J.van der Oost (2006).
Characterization of CprK1, a CRP/FNR-type transcriptional regulator of halorespiration from Desulfitobacterium hafniense.
  J Bacteriol, 188, 2604-2613.  
16438681 K.Yokoyama, S.A.Ishijima, L.Clowney, H.Koike, H.Aramaki, C.Tanaka, K.Makino, and M.Suzuki (2006).
Feast/famine regulatory proteins (FFRPs): Escherichia coli Lrp, AsnC and related archaeal transcription factors.
  FEMS Microbiol Rev, 30, 89.  
17027496 L.J.Maher (2006).
DNA kinks available...if needed.
  Structure, 14, 1479-1480.  
16513738 L.S.Feldman-Cohen, Y.Shao, D.Meinhold, C.Miller, W.Colón, and R.Osuna (2006).
Common and variable contributions of Fis residues to high-affinity binding at different DNA sequences.
  J Bacteriol, 188, 2081-2095.  
  16946467 M.Akif, Y.Akhter, S.E.Hasnain, and S.C.Mande (2006).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis CRP/FNR family transcription regulator.
  Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun, 62, 873-875.  
16500960 M.Berrera, S.Pantano, and P.Carloni (2006).
cAMP Modulation of the cytoplasmic domain in the HCN2 channel investigated by molecular simulations.
  Biophys J, 90, 3428-3433.  
16484205 M.J.Wilson, and I.L.Lamont (2006).
Mutational analysis of an extracytoplasmic-function sigma factor to investigate its interactions with RNA polymerase and DNA.
  J Bacteriol, 188, 1935-1942.  
16935877 M.P.Killoran, and J.L.Keck (2006).
Sit down, relax and unwind: structural insights into RecQ helicase mechanisms.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 4098-4105.  
16528101 P.Thaw, S.E.Sedelnikova, T.Muranova, S.Wiese, S.Ayora, J.C.Alonso, A.B.Brinkman, J.Akerboom, J.van der Oost, and J.B.Rafferty (2006).
Structural insight into gene transcriptional regulation and effector binding by the Lrp/AsnC family.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 1439-1449.
PDB codes: 2cfx 2cg4
16973898 R.J.McDonald, J.D.Kahn, and L.J.Maher (2006).
DNA bending by bHLH charge variants.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 4846-4856.  
17116251 R.P.Saha, and P.Chakrabarti (2006).
Molecular modeling and characterization of Vibrio cholerae transcription regulator HlyU.
  BMC Struct Biol, 6, 24.  
16414956 S.H.Bae, S.H.Yun, D.Sun, H.M.Lim, and B.S.Choi (2006).
Structural and dynamic basis of a supercoiling-responsive DNA element.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 254-261.
PDB codes: 1zyf 1zyg 1zyh
16528102 W.A.Weihofen, A.Cicek, F.Pratto, J.C.Alonso, and W.Saenger (2006).
Structures of omega repressors bound to direct and inverted DNA repeats explain modulation of transcription.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 34, 1450-1458.
PDB codes: 2bnw 2bnz 2cax
15939933 A.Kanhere, and M.Bansal (2005).
Structural properties of promoters: similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 3165-3175.  
15869395 A.Sarai, and H.Kono (2005).
Protein-DNA recognition patterns and predictions.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 34, 379-398.  
15626761 C.A.Davis, M.W.Capp, M.T.Record, and R.M.Saecker (2005).
The effects of upstream DNA on open complex formation by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 285-290.  
16486410 C.H.Reccius, J.T.Mannion, J.D.Cross, and H.G.Craighead (2005).
Compression and free expansion of single DNA molecules in nanochannels.
  Phys Rev Lett, 95, 268101.  
16261196 D.A.Rodionov, I.L.Dubchak, A.P.Arkin, E.J.Alm, and M.S.Gelfand (2005).
Dissimilatory metabolism of nitrogen oxides in bacteria: comparative reconstruction of transcriptional networks.
  PLoS Comput Biol, 1, e55.  
16267303 G.Bai, L.A.McCue, and K.A.McDonough (2005).
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3676 (CRPMt), a cyclic AMP receptor protein-like DNA binding protein.
  J Bacteriol, 187, 7795-7804.  
15805503 H.Youn, M.V.Thorsteinsson, M.Conrad, R.L.Kerby, and G.P.Roberts (2005).
Dual roles of an E-helix residue, Glu167, in the transcriptional activator function of CooA.
  J Bacteriol, 187, 2573-2581.  
15858269 J.Benach, W.C.Edstrom, I.Lee, K.Das, B.Cooper, R.Xiao, J.Liu, B.Rost, T.B.Acton, G.T.Montelione, and J.F.Hunt (2005).
The 2.35 A structure of the TenA homolog from Pyrococcus furiosus supports an enzymatic function in thiamine metabolism.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 61, 589-598.
PDB code: 1rtw
16314302 J.Magee, and J.Warwicker (2005).
Simulation of non-specific protein-mRNA interactions.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 6694-6699.  
16339309 K.Shi, C.K.Brown, Z.Y.Gu, B.K.Kozlowicz, G.M.Dunny, D.H.Ohlendorf, and C.A.Earhart (2005).
Structure of peptide sex pheromone receptor PrgX and PrgX/pheromone complexes and regulation of conjugation in Enterococcus faecalis.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 102, 18596-18601.
PDB codes: 2aw6 2awi 2axu 2axv 2axz
15808743 L.Aravind, V.Anantharaman, S.Balaji, M.M.Babu, and L.M.Iyer (2005).
The many faces of the helix-turn-helix domain: transcription regulation and beyond.
  FEMS Microbiol Rev, 29, 231-262.  
15882420 L.Rickman, C.Scott, D.M.Hunt, T.Hutchinson, M.C.Menéndez, R.Whalan, J.Hinds, M.J.Colston, J.Green, and R.S.Buxton (2005).
A member of the cAMP receptor protein family of transcription regulators in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is required for virulence in mice and controls transcription of the rpfA gene coding for a resuscitation promoting factor.
  Mol Microbiol, 56, 1274-1286.  
15813735 M.Eiting, G.Hagelüken, W.D.Schubert, and D.W.Heinz (2005).
The mutation G145S in PrfA, a key virulence regulator of Listeria monocytogenes, increases DNA-binding affinity by stabilizing the HTH motif.
  Mol Microbiol, 56, 433-446.
PDB codes: 2beo 2bgc
16209951 M.Hong, M.Fuangthong, J.D.Helmann, and R.G.Brennan (2005).
Structure of an OhrR-ohrA operator complex reveals the DNA binding mechanism of the MarR family.
  Mol Cell, 20, 131-141.
PDB codes: 1z91 1z9c
16261347 M.Marilley, A.Sanchez-Sevilla, and J.Rocca-Serra (2005).
Fine mapping of inherent flexibility variation along DNA molecules: validation by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in buffer.
  Mol Genet Genomics, 274, 658-670.  
15720385 M.Tworzydło, A.Polit, J.Mikołajczak, and Z.Wasylewski (2005).
Fluorescence quenching and kinetic studies of conformational changes induced by DNA and cAMP binding to cAMP receptor protein from Escherichia coli.
  FEBS J, 272, 1103-1116.  
15556974 S.B.Dixit, and D.L.Beveridge (2005).
Axis curvature and ligand induced bending in the CAP-DNA oligomers.
  Biophys J, 88, L04-L06.  
15731390 S.B.Dixit, D.Q.Andrews, and D.L.Beveridge (2005).
Induced fit and the entropy of structural adaptation in the complexation of CAP and lambda-repressor with cognate DNA sequences.
  Biophys J, 88, 3147-3157.  
15866917 S.Mesa, Z.Ucurum, H.Hennecke, and H.M.Fischer (2005).
Transcription activation in vitro by the Bradyrhizobium japonicum regulatory protein FixK2.
  J Bacteriol, 187, 3329-3338.  
15642269 T.Nishino, K.Komori, D.Tsuchiya, Y.Ishino, and K.Morikawa (2005).
Crystal structure and functional implications of Pyrococcus furiosus hef helicase domain involved in branched DNA processing.
  Structure, 13, 143-153.
PDB code: 1wp9
15686836 W.H.Chang, M.C.Lee, M.T.Yang, and Y.H.Tseng (2005).
Expression of heat-shock genes groESL in Xanthomonas campestris is upregulated by CLP in an indirect manner.
  FEMS Microbiol Lett, 243, 365-372.  
16157864 Z.Su, V.Olman, F.Mao, and Y.Xu (2005).
Comparative genomics analysis of NtcA regulons in cyanobacteria: regulation of nitrogen assimilation and its coupling to photosynthesis.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 33, 5156-5171.  
15175430 A.N.Kapanidis, N.K.Lee, T.A.Laurence, S.Doose, E.Margeat, and S.Weiss (2004).
Fluorescence-aided molecule sorting: analysis of structure and interactions by alternating-laser excitation of single molecules.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 8936-8941.  
15139817 B.Jayaram, and T.Jain (2004).
The role of water in protein-DNA recognition.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 33, 343-361.  
15102444 C.L.Lawson, D.Swigon, K.S.Murakami, S.A.Darst, H.M.Berman, and R.H.Ebright (2004).
Catabolite activator protein: DNA binding and transcription activation.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 14, 10-20.  
15173120 G.E.Crooks, G.Hon, J.M.Chandonia, and S.E.Brenner (2004).
WebLogo: a sequence logo generator.
  Genome Res, 14, 1188-1190.  
14976242 H.Koike, S.A.Ishijima, L.Clowney, and M.Suzuki (2004).
The archaeal feast/famine regulatory protein: potential roles of its assembly forms for regulating transcription.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 2840-2845.
PDB code: 1ri7
15139806 K.D.Corbett, and J.M.Berger (2004).
Structure, molecular mechanisms, and evolutionary relationships in DNA topoisomerases.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 33, 95.  
14731281 W.K.Ray, and T.J.Larson (2004).
Application of AgaR repressor and dominant repressor variants for verification of a gene cluster involved in N-acetylgalactosamine metabolism in Escherichia coli K-12.
  Mol Microbiol, 51, 813-826.  
12653996 A.Polit, U.Błaszczyk, and Z.Wasylewski (2003).
Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies of conformational changes induced by cyclic AMP and DNA binding to cyclic AMP receptor protein from Escherichia coli.
  Eur J Biochem, 270, 1413-1423.  
14517231 D.A.Bernstein, M.C.Zittel, and J.L.Keck (2003).
High-resolution structure of the E.coli RecQ helicase catalytic core.
  EMBO J, 22, 4910-4921.
PDB codes: 1oyw 1oyy
12829272 D.K.Blencowe, and A.P.Morby (2003).
Zn(II) metabolism in prokaryotes.
  FEMS Microbiol Rev, 27, 291-311.  
12809494 D.Serban, J.M.Benevides, and G.J.Thomas (2003).
HU protein employs similar mechanisms of minor-groove recognition in binding to different B-DNA sites: demonstration by Raman spectroscopy.
  Biochemistry, 42, 7390-7399.  
14638413 H.Körner, H.J.Sofia, and W.G.Zumft (2003).
Phylogeny of the bacterial superfamily of Crp-Fnr transcription regulators: exploiting the metabolic spectrum by controlling alternative gene programs.
  FEMS Microbiol Rev, 27, 559-592.  
12603748 J.A.Crawford, E.S.Krukonis, and V.J.DiRita (2003).
Membrane localization of the ToxR winged-helix domain is required for TcpP-mediated virulence gene activation in Vibrio cholerae.
  Mol Microbiol, 47, 1459-1473.  
12897000 K.A.Kalivoda, S.M.Steenbergen, E.R.Vimr, and J.Plumbridge (2003).
Regulation of sialic acid catabolism by the DNA binding protein NanR in Escherichia coli.
  J Bacteriol, 185, 4806-4815.  
12829264 L.S.Busenlehner, M.A.Pennella, and D.P.Giedroc (2003).
The SmtB/ArsR family of metalloregulatory transcriptional repressors: Structural insights into prokaryotic metal resistance.
  FEMS Microbiol Rev, 27, 131-143.  
14602927 P.N.Hengen, I.G.Lyakhov, L.E.Stewart, and T.D.Schneider (2003).
Molecular flip-flops formed by overlapping Fis sites.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 31, 6663-6673.  
12837783 S.C.Sinha, J.Krahn, B.S.Shin, D.R.Tomchick, H.Zalkin, and J.L.Smith (2003).
The purine repressor of Bacillus subtilis: a novel combination of domains adapted for transcription regulation.
  J Bacteriol, 185, 4087-4098.
PDB codes: 1o57 1p41
12618444 V.McAlister, C.Zou, R.H.Winslow, and G.E.Christie (2003).
Purification and in vitro characterization of the Serratia marcescens NucC protein, a zinc-binding transcription factor homologous to P2 Ogr.
  J Bacteriol, 185, 1808-1816.  
12022869 A.Dong, J.M.Malecki, L.Lee, J.F.Carpenter, and J.C.Lee (2002).
Ligand-induced conformational and structural dynamics changes in Escherichia coli cyclic AMP receptor protein.
  Biochemistry, 41, 6660-6667.  
12453417 C.R.Escalante, A.L.Brass, J.M.Pongubala, E.Shatova, L.Shen, H.Singh, and A.K.Aggarwal (2002).
Crystal structure of PU.1/IRF-4/DNA ternary complex.
  Mol Cell, 10, 1097-1105.  
  12005436 C.R.Escalante, L.Shen, D.Thanos, and A.K.Aggarwal (2002).
Structure of NF-kappaB p50/p65 heterodimer bound to the PRDII DNA element from the interferon-beta promoter.
  Structure, 10, 383-391.
PDB code: 2i9t
12368266 G.S.Lloyd, W.Niu, J.Tebbutt, R.H.Ebright, and S.J.Busby (2002).
Requirement for two copies of RNA polymerase alpha subunit C-terminal domain for synergistic transcription activation at complex bacterial promoters.
  Genes Dev, 16, 2557-2565.  
11885687 H.J.Park (2002).
Evidence for a common molecular basis for sequence recognition of N3-guanine and N3-adenine DNA adducts involving the covalent bonding reaction of (+)-CC-1065.
  Arch Pharm Res, 25, 11-24.  
11839496 J.L.Huffman, and R.G.Brennan (2002).
Prokaryotic transcription regulators: more than just the helix-turn-helix motif.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 12, 98.  
12072566 K.M.Thayer, and D.L.Beveridge (2002).
Hidden Markov models from molecular dynamics simulations on DNA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 8642-8647.  
11979597 N.Fujimoto, A.Toyama, and H.Takeuchi (2002).
Binding modes of cyclic AMP and environments of tryptophan residues in 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of cyclic AMP receptor protein and cyclic AMP.
  Biopolymers, 67, 186-196.  
12084925 P.P.Papp, T.Nagy, S.Ferenczi, P.Elõ, Z.Csiszovszki, Z.Buzás, A.Patthy, and L.Orosz (2002).
Binding sites of different geometries for the 16-3 phage repressor.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 8790-8795.  
11972323 P.R.Hardwidge, J.M.Zimmerman, and L.J.Maher (2002).
Charge neutralization and DNA bending by the Escherichia coli catabolite activator protein.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 30, 1879-1885.  
12056905 P.R.Hardwidge, J.Wu, S.L.Williams, K.M.Parkhurst, L.J.Parkhurst, and L.J.Maher (2002).
DNA bending by bZIP charge variants: a unified study using electrophoretic phasing and fluorescence resonance energy transfer.
  Biochemistry, 41, 7732-7742.  
11809802 R.L.Diaz, A.D.Alcid, J.M.Berger, and S.Keeney (2002).
Identification of residues in yeast Spo11p critical for meiotic DNA double-strand break formation.
  Mol Cell Biol, 22, 1106-1115.  
11849541 R.R.Yu, and V.J.DiRita (2002).
Regulation of gene expression in Vibrio cholerae by ToxT involves both antirepression and RNA polymerase stimulation.
  Mol Microbiol, 43, 119-134.  
12374818 T.Blake, A.Barnard, S.J.Busby, and J.Green (2002).
Transcription activation by FNR: evidence for a functional activating region 2.
  J Bacteriol, 184, 5855-5861.  
12496111 T.M.Okonogi, S.C.Alley, A.W.Reese, P.B.Hopkins, and B.H.Robinson (2002).
Sequence-dependent dynamics of duplex DNA: the applicability of a dinucleotide model.
  Biophys J, 83, 3446-3459.  
11929991 T.M.Okonogi, S.C.Alley, E.A.Harwood, P.B.Hopkins, and B.H.Robinson (2002).
Phosphate backbone neutralization increases duplex DNA flexibility: a model for protein binding.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 99, 4156-4160.  
11133933 A.Herrero, A.M.Muro-Pastor, and E.Flores (2001).
Nitrogen control in cyanobacteria.
  J Bacteriol, 183, 411-425.  
  11728861 A.L.Cheung, and G.Zhang (2001).
Are the structures of SarA and SarR similar?
  Trends Microbiol, 9, 570-573.  
11522834 A.M.Soto, B.I.Kankia, P.Dande, B.Gold, and L.A.Marky (2001).
Incorporation of a cationic aminopropyl chain in DNA hairpins: thermodynamics and hydration.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 3638-3645.  
11741530 C.W.Garvie, and C.Wolberger (2001).
Recognition of specific DNA sequences.
  Mol Cell, 8, 937-946.  
11473347 D.C.Kombo, K.J.McConnell, M.A.Young, and D.L.Beveridge (2001).
Molecular dynamics simulation reveals sequence-intrinsic and protein-induced geometrical features of the OL1 DNA operator.
  Biopolymers, 59, 205-225.  
11296236 D.M.van Aalten, C.C.DiRusso, and J.Knudsen (2001).
The structural basis of acyl coenzyme A-dependent regulation of the transcription factor FadR.
  EMBO J, 20, 2041-2050.
PDB codes: 1h9g 1h9t
11340050 E.T.Kool (2001).
Hydrogen bonding, base stacking, and steric effects in dna replication.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 30, 1.  
11251837 E.T.Ralph, C.Scott, P.A.Jordan, A.J.Thomson, J.R.Guest, and J.Green (2001).
Anaerobic acquisition of [4FE 4S] clusters by the inactive FNR(C20S) variant and restoration of activity by second-site amino acid substitutions.
  Mol Microbiol, 39, 1199-1211.  
11301006 H.Choi, S.Kim, P.Mukhopadhyay, S.Cho, J.Woo, G.Storz, and S.E.Ryu (2001).
Structural basis of the redox switch in the OxyR transcription factor.
  Cell, 105, 103-113.
PDB codes: 1i69 1i6a
11343786 J.G.Harman (2001).
Allosteric regulation of the cAMP receptor protein.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1547, 1.  
11455562 J.L.Beck, M.L.Colgrave, S.F.Ralph, and M.M.Sheil (2001).
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of oligonucleotide complexes with drugs, metals, and proteins.
  Mass Spectrom Rev, 20, 61-87.  
11139621 J.Plumbridge (2001).
DNA binding sites for the Mlc and NagC proteins: regulation of nagE, encoding the N-acetylglucosamine-specific transporter in Escherichia coli.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 506-514.  
11114939 K.A.Egland, and E.P.Greenberg (2001).
Quorum sensing in Vibrio fischeri: analysis of the LuxR DNA binding region by alanine-scanning mutagenesis.
  J Bacteriol, 183, 382-386.  
11353844 L.H.Weaver, K.Kwon, D.Beckett, and B.W.Matthews (2001).
Corepressor-induced organization and assembly of the biotin repressor: a model for allosteric activation of a transcriptional regulator.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 6045-6050.
PDB code: 1hxd
11282350 M.K.Chan (2001).
Recent advances in heme-protein sensors.
  Curr Opin Chem Biol, 5, 216-222.  
11260468 N.J.Weyand, B.A.Braaten, M.van der Woude, J.Tucker, and D.A.Low (2001).
The essential role of the promoter-proximal subunit of CAP in pap phase variation: Lrp- and helical phase-dependent activation of papBA transcription by CAP from -215.
  Mol Microbiol, 39, 1504-1522.  
  11590021 P.R.Hardwidge, D.K.Lee, T.P.Prakash, B.Iglesias, R.B.Den, C.Switzer, and L.J.Maher (2001).
DNA bending by asymmetrically tethered cations: influence of tether flexibility.
  Chem Biol, 8, 967-980.  
11532151 R.C.Langdon, T.Burr, S.Pagan-Westphal, and A.Hochschild (2001).
A chimeric activator of transcription that uses two DNA-binding domains to make simultaneous contact with pairs of recognition sites.
  Mol Microbiol, 41, 885-896.  
11679717 R.Fishman, V.Ankilova, N.Moor, and M.Safro (2001).
Structure at 2.6 A resolution of phenylalanyl-tRNA synthetase complexed with phenylalanyl-adenylate in the presence of manganese.
  Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 57, 1534-1544.
PDB code: 1jjc
11266549 S.A.Williams, and S.E.Halford (2001).
SfiI endonuclease activity is strongly influenced by the non-specific sequence in the middle of its recognition site.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 29, 1476-1483.  
11381122 Y.Liu, A.Manna, R.Li, W.E.Martin, R.C.Murphy, A.L.Cheung, and G.Zhang (2001).
Crystal structure of the SarR protein from Staphylococcus aureus.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 98, 6877-6882.
PDB code: 1hsj
11726497 Y.Tanaka, O.Nureki, H.Kurumizaka, S.Fukai, S.Kawaguchi, M.Ikuta, J.Iwahara, T.Okazaki, and S.Yokoyama (2001).
Crystal structure of the CENP-B protein-DNA complex: the DNA-binding domains of CENP-B induce kinks in the CENP-B box DNA.
  EMBO J, 20, 6612-6618.
PDB code: 1hlv
11024268 A.Maghnouj, A.A.Abu-Bakr, S.Baumberg, V.Stalon, and C.Vander Wauven (2000).
Regulation of anaerobic arginine catabolism in Bacillus licheniformis by a protein of the Crp/Fnr family.
  FEMS Microbiol Lett, 191, 227-234.  
10692335 A.N.Naimushin, B.S.Fujimoto, and J.M.Schurr (2000).
Dynamic bending rigidity of a 200-bp DNA in 4 mM ionic strength: a transient polarization grating study.
  Biophys J, 78, 1498-1518.  
10766954 D.C.Kombo, M.A.Young, and D.L.Beveridge (2000).
One nanosecond molecular dynamics simulation of the N-terminal domain of the lambda repressor protein.
  Biopolymers, 53, 596-605.  
10972822 D.J.Lee, H.J.Wing, N.J.Savery, and S.J.Busby (2000).
Analysis of interactions between Activating Region 1 of Escherichia coli FNR protein and the C-terminal domain of the RNA polymerase alpha subunit: use of alanine scanning and suppression genetics.
  Mol Microbiol, 37, 1032-1040.  
11013219 D.M.van Aalten, C.C.DiRusso, J.Knudsen, and R.K.Wierenga (2000).
Crystal structure of FadR, a fatty acid-responsive transcription factor with a novel acyl coenzyme A-binding fold.
  EMBO J, 19, 5167-5177.
PDB code: 1e2x
10747039 D.S.Daniels, C.D.Mol, A.S.Arvai, S.Kanugula, A.E.Pegg, and J.A.Tainer (2000).
Active and alkylated human AGT structures: a novel zinc site, inhibitor and extrahelical base binding.
  EMBO J, 19, 1719-1730.
PDB codes: 1eh6 1eh7 1eh8
11013224 E.Richet (2000).
Synergistic transcription activation: a dual role for CRP in the activation of an Escherichia coli promoter depending on MalT and CRP.
  EMBO J, 19, 5222-5232.  
10781571 E.d'Alençon, and S.D.Ehrlich (2000).
A study of the CopF repressor of plasmid pAMbeta1 by phage display.
  J Bacteriol, 182, 2973-2977.  
10856246 F.Colland, M.Barth, R.Hengge-Aronis, and A.Kolb (2000).
sigma factor selectivity of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase: role for CRP, IHF and lrp transcription factors.
  EMBO J, 19, 3028-3037.  
10688897 H.L.Ng, M.L.Kopka, and R.E.Dickerson (2000).
The structure of a stable intermediate in the A <--> B DNA helix transition.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 2035-2039.
PDB code: 1dc0
11076538 H.S.Won, T.Yamazaki, T.W.Lee, M.K.Yoon, S.H.Park, Y.Kyogoku, and B.J.Lee (2000).
Structural understanding of the allosteric conformational change of cyclic AMP receptor protein by cyclic AMP binding.
  Biochemistry, 39, 13953-13962.  
10606635 J.E.Wibley, A.E.Pegg, and P.C.Moody (2000).
Crystal structure of the human O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 393-401.
PDB code: 1qnt
10929132 K.Röttgers, N.M.Krohn, J.Lichota, C.Stemmer, T.Merkle, and K.D.Grasser (2000).
DNA-interactions and nuclear localisation of the chromosomal HMG domain protein SSRP1 from maize.
  Plant J, 23, 395-405.  
10940257 L.D.Williams, and L.J.Maher (2000).
Electrostatic mechanisms of DNA deformation.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 29, 497-521.  
  11080623 L.Jen-Jacobson, L.E.Engler, and L.A.Jacobson (2000).
Structural and thermodynamic strategies for site-specific DNA binding proteins.
  Structure, 8, 1015-1023.  
10733977 L.Pardo, M.Campillo, D.Bosch, N.Pastor, and H.Weinstein (2000).
Binding mechanisms of TATA box-binding proteins: DNA kinking is stabilized by specific hydrogen bonds.
  Biophys J, 78, 1988-1996.  
10715126 L.Tang, J.Li, D.S.Katz, and J.A.Feng (2000).
Determining the DNA bending angle induced by non-specific high mobility group-1 (HMG-1) proteins: a novel method.
  Biochemistry, 39, 3052-3060.  
10696113 M.Lu, and T.A.Steitz (2000).
Structure of Escherichia coli ribosomal protein L25 complexed with a 5S rRNA fragment at 1.8-A resolution.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 2023-2028.
PDB code: 1dfu
10716934 M.Okuda, Y.Watanabe, H.Okamura, F.Hanaoka, Y.Ohkuma, and Y.Nishimura (2000).
Structure of the central core domain of TFIIEbeta with a novel double-stranded DNA-binding surface.
  EMBO J, 19, 1346-1356.
PDB codes: 1d8j 1d8k
  11104519 N.M.Luscombe, S.E.Austin, H.M.Berman, and J.M.Thornton (2000).
An overview of the structures of protein-DNA complexes.
  Genome Biol, 1, REVIEWS001.  
10892647 N.Naryshkin, A.Revyakin, Y.Kim, V.Mekler, and R.H.Ebright (2000).
Structural organization of the RNA polymerase-promoter open complex.
  Cell, 101, 601-611.  
11000262 P.E.Verdemato, J.A.Brannigan, C.Damblon, F.Zuccotto, P.C.Moody, and L.Y.Lian (2000).
DNA-binding mechanism of the Escherichia coli Ada O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 28, 3710-3718.  
10856254 Q.Huai, J.D.Colandene, Y.Chen, F.Luo, Y.Zhao, M.D.Topal, and H.Ke (2000).
Crystal structure of NaeI-an evolutionary bridge between DNA endonuclease and topoisomerase.
  EMBO J, 19, 3110-3118.
PDB code: 1ev7
10851199 W.K.Olson, and V.B.Zhurkin (2000).
Modeling DNA deformations.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 10, 286-297.  
10747024 W.Meng, N.J.Savery, S.J.Busby, and M.S.Thomas (2000).
The Escherichia coli RNA polymerase alpha subunit linker: length requirements for transcription activation at CRP-dependent promoters.
  EMBO J, 19, 1555-1566.  
11114159 X.Zheng, and P.C.Bevilacqua (2000).
Straightening of bulged RNA by the double-stranded RNA-binding domain from the protein kinase PKR.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97, 14162-14167.  
10852730 Y.Shi, S.Wang, and F.P.Schwarz (2000).
Intersubunit association induces unique allosteric dependence of the T127L CRP mutant on pH.
  Biochemistry, 39, 7300-7308.  
  10357858 B.Coulombe, and Z.F.Burton (1999).
DNA bending and wrapping around RNA polymerase: a "revolutionary" model describing transcriptional mechanisms.
  Microbiol Mol Biol Rev, 63, 457-478.  
10213596 C.Place, J.Oddos, H.Buc, W.T.McAllister, and M.Buckle (1999).
Studies of contacts between T7 RNA polymerase and its promoter reveal features in common with multisubunit RNA polymerases.
  Biochemistry, 38, 4948-4957.  
10485879 C.Sissi, J.Aiyar, S.Boyer, K.Depew, S.Danishefsky, and D.M.Crothers (1999).
Interaction of calicheamicin gamma1(I) and its related carbohydrates with DNA-protein complexes.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 10643-10648.  
10200970 D.O.Gostick, H.G.Griffin, C.A.Shearman, C.Scott, J.Green, M.J.Gasson, and J.R.Guest (1999).
Two operons that encode FNR-like proteins in Lactococcus lactis.
  Mol Microbiol, 31, 1523-1535.  
10075916 D.R.Hall, D.G.Gourley, G.A.Leonard, E.M.Duke, L.A.Anderson, D.H.Boxer, and W.N.Hunter (1999).
The high-resolution crystal structure of the molybdate-dependent transcriptional regulator (ModE) from Escherichia coli: a novel combination of domain folds.
  EMBO J, 18, 1435-1446.
PDB codes: 1b9m 1b9n
10469640 H.Komori, F.Matsunaga, Y.Higuchi, M.Ishiai, C.Wada, and K.Miki (1999).
Crystal structure of a prokaryotic replication initiator protein bound to DNA at 2.6 A resolution.
  EMBO J, 18, 4597-4607.
PDB code: 1rep
10090291 H.Kono, and A.Sarai (1999).
Structure-based prediction of DNA target sites by regulatory proteins.
  Proteins, 35, 114-131.  
10064133 I.Muiznieks, N.Rostoks, and R.Schmitt (1999).
Efficient control of raf gene expression by CAP and two Raf repressors that bend DNA in opposite directions.
  Biol Chem, 380, 19-29.  
  10197993 J.S.Hwang, J.Yang, and A.J.Pittard (1999).
Specific contacts between residues in the DNA-binding domain of the TyrR protein and bases in the operator of the tyrP gene of Escherichia coli.
  J Bacteriol, 181, 2338-2345.  
10320573 K.L.Meibom, L.Søgaard-Andersen, A.S.Mironov, and P.Valentin-Hansen (1999).
Dissection of a surface-exposed portion of the cAMP-CRP complex that mediates transcription activation and repression.
  Mol Microbiol, 32, 497-504.  
10026283 K.Nadassy, S.J.Wodak, and J.Janin (1999).
Structural features of protein-nucleic acid recognition sites.
  Biochemistry, 38, 1999-2017.  
10601034 L.Landis, J.Xu, and R.C.Johnson (1999).
The cAMP receptor protein CRP can function as an osmoregulator of transcription in Escherichia coli.
  Genes Dev, 13, 3081-3091.  
10545127 M.D.Nichols, K.DeAngelis, J.L.Keck, and J.M.Berger (1999).
Structure and function of an archaeal topoisomerase VI subunit with homology to the meiotic recombination factor Spo11.
  EMBO J, 18, 6177-6188.
PDB code: 1d3y
9889202 M.Schade, C.J.Turner, K.Lowenhaupt, A.Rich, and A.Herbert (1999).
Structure-function analysis of the Z-DNA-binding domain Zalpha of dsRNA adenosine deaminase type I reveals similarity to the (alpha + beta) family of helix-turn-helix proteins.
  EMBO J, 18, 470-479.  
10535945 M.Schade, C.J.Turner, R.Kühne, P.Schmieder, K.Lowenhaupt, A.Herbert, A.Rich, and H.Oschkinat (1999).
The solution structure of the Zalpha domain of the human RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 reveals a prepositioned binding surface for Z-DNA.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96, 12465-12470.
PDB code: 1qgp
  10091654 N.Baichoo, and T.Heyduk (1999).
Mapping cyclic nucleotide-induced conformational changes in cyclicAMP receptor protein by a protein footprinting technique using different chemical proteases.
  Protein Sci, 8, 518-528.  
  10207102 Q.M.Eastman, I.J.Villey, and D.G.Schatz (1999).
Detection of RAG protein-V(D)J recombination signal interactions near the site of DNA cleavage by UV cross-linking.
  Mol Cell Biol, 19, 3788-3797.  
10079770 R.Gurlie, T.H.Duong, and K.Zakrzewska (1999).
The role of DNA-protein salt bridges in molecular recognition: a model study.
  Biopolymers, 49, 313-327.  
10491156 R.P.Ojha, M.M.Dhingra, M.H.Sarma, M.Shibata, M.Farrar, C.J.Turner, and R.H.Sarma (1999).
DNA bending and sequence-dependent backbone conformation NMR and computer experiments.
  Eur J Biochem, 265, 35-53.  
10594822 S.G.Smith, and C.J.Dorman (1999).
Functional analysis of the FimE integrase of Escherichia coli K-12: isolation of mutant derivatives with altered DNA inversion preferences.
  Mol Microbiol, 34, 965-979.  
10564484 T.I.Wood, K.L.Griffith, W.P.Fawcett, K.W.Jair, T.D.Schneider, and R.E.Wolf (1999).
Interdependence of the position and orientation of SoxS binding sites in the transcriptional activation of the class I subset of Escherichia coli superoxide-inducible promoters.
  Mol Microbiol, 34, 414-430.  
10397789 T.Mahmoudi, and B.Sarkar (1999).
Addition of positively charged tripeptide to N-terminus of the Fos basic region leucine zipper domain: implications on DNA bending, affinity, and specificity.
  Biopolymers, 50, 273-286.  
10465734 W.S.Tzou, and M.J.Hwang (1999).
Modeling helix-turn-helix protein-induced DNA bending with knowledge-based distance restraints.
  Biophys J, 77, 1191-1205.  
10487755 Y.Fujii, T.Shimizu, M.Kusumoto, Y.Kyogoku, T.Taniguchi, and T.Hakoshima (1999).
Crystal structure of an IRF-DNA complex reveals novel DNA recognition and cooperative binding to a tandem repeat of core sequences.
  EMBO J, 18, 5028-5041.
PDB code: 2irf
9519292 A.K.Aggarwal, and D.A.Wah (1998).
Novel site-specific DNA endonucleases.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 8, 19-25.  
9465027 A.Sitlani, and D.M.Crothers (1998).
DNA-binding domains of Fos and Jun do not induce DNA curvature: an investigation with solution and gel methods.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 1404-1409.  
9461471 B.Holz, S.Klimasauskas, S.Serva, and E.Weinhold (1998).
2-Aminopurine as a fluorescent probe for DNA base flipping by methyltransferases.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 1076-1083.  
9547262 B.Li, H.Wing, D.Lee, H.C.Wu, and S.Busby (1998).
Transcription activation by Escherichia coli FNR protein: similarities to, and differences from, the CRP paradigm.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 2075-2081.  
9646864 C.A.Bewley, A.M.Gronenborn, and G.M.Clore (1998).
Minor groove-binding architectural proteins: structure, function, and DNA recognition.
  Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct, 27, 105-131.  
9558357 C.Jin, I.Marsden, X.Chen, and X.Liao (1998).
Sequence specific collective motions in a winged helix DNA binding domain detected by 15N relaxation NMR.
  Biochemistry, 37, 6179-6187.  
9724743 D.A.Wah, J.Bitinaite, I.Schildkraut, and A.K.Aggarwal (1998).
Structure of FokI has implications for DNA cleavage.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 10564-10569.
PDB code: 2fok
9548751 E.A.Pyles, and J.C.Lee (1998).
Escherichia coli cAMP receptor protein-DNA complexes. 2. Structural asymmetry of DNA bending.
  Biochemistry, 37, 5201-5210.  
9857196 F.X.Gomis-Rüth, M.Solá, P.Acebo, A.Párraga, A.Guasch, R.Eritja, A.González, M.Espinosa, G.del Solar, and M.Coll (1998).
The structure of plasmid-encoded transcriptional repressor CopG unliganded and bound to its operator.
  EMBO J, 17, 7404-7415.
PDB codes: 1b01 2cpg
9454597 J.K.Strauss-Soukup, and L.J.Maher (1998).
Electrostatic effects in DNA bending by GCN4 mutants.
  Biochemistry, 37, 1060-1066.  
9691271 J.K.Strauss-Soukup, P.D.Rodrigues, and L.J.Maher (1998).
Effect of base composition on DNA bending by phosphate neutralization.
  Biophys Chem, 72, 297-306.  
9653108 J.M.Berger, D.Fass, J.C.Wang, and S.C.Harrison (1998).
Structural similarities between topoisomerases that cleave one or both DNA strands.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 95, 7876-7881.  
9748476 J.M.Berger (1998).
Structure of DNA topoisomerases.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1400, 3.  
9519293 J.M.Berger (1998).
Type II DNA topoisomerases.
  Curr Opin Struct Biol, 8, 26-32.  
9565750 J.P.Schneider, A.Lombardi, and W.F.DeGrado (1998).
Analysis and design of three-stranded coiled coils and three-helix bundles.
  Fold Des, 3, R29-R40.  
9469834 J.Plumbridge, and A.Kolb (1998).
DNA bending and expression of the divergent nagE-B operons.
  Nucleic Acids Res, 26, 1254-1260.  
  9914185 L.J.Maher (1998).
Mechanisms of DNA bending.
  Curr Opin Chem Biol, 2, 688-694.  
9585522 L.S.Sloan, and A.Schepartz (1998).
Sequence determinants of the intrinsic bend in the cyclic AMP response element.
  Biochemistry, 37, 7113-7118.  
  9811649 M.van der Woude, W.B.Hale, and D.A.Low (1998).
Formation of DNA methylation patterns: nonmethylated GATC sequences in gut and pap operons.
  J Bacteriol, 180, 5913-5920.  
  9829925