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Membrane protein
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PDB id
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1c4r
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Contents |
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* Residue conservation analysis
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PDB id:
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| Name: |
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Membrane protein
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Title:
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The structure of the ligand-binding domain of neurexin 1beta: regulation of lns domain function by alternative splicing
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Structure:
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Neurexin-i beta. Chain: a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h. Fragment: extracellular domain. Engineered: yes
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Source:
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Rattus norvegicus. Norway rat. Organism_taxid: 10116. Expressed in: escherichia coli bl21. Expression_system_taxid: 511693.
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Resolution:
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2.60Å
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R-factor:
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0.249
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R-free:
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0.279
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Authors:
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G.Rudenko,T.Nguyen,Y.Chelliah,T.C.Sudhof,J.Deisenhofer
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Key ref:
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G.Rudenko
et al.
(1999).
The structure of the ligand-binding domain of neurexin Ibeta: regulation of LNS domain function by alternative splicing.
Cell,
99,
93.
PubMed id:
DOI:
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Date:
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28-Sep-99
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Release date:
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04-Oct-00
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PROCHECK
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Headers
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References
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Q63373
(NRX1B_RAT) -
Neurexin-1-beta
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Seq: Struc:
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468 a.a.
180 a.a.
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Key: |
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PfamA domain |
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Secondary structure |
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CATH domain |
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DOI no:
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Cell
99:93
(1999)
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PubMed id:
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| |
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The structure of the ligand-binding domain of neurexin Ibeta: regulation of LNS domain function by alternative splicing.
|
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G.Rudenko,
T.Nguyen,
Y.Chelliah,
T.C.Südhof,
J.Deisenhofer.
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ABSTRACT
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Neurexins are expressed in hundreds of isoforms on the neuronal cell surface,
where they may function as cell recognition molecules. Neurexins contain LNS
domains, folding units found in many proteins like the G domain of laminin A,
agrin, and slit. The crystal structure of neurexin Ibeta, a single LNS domain,
reveals two seven-stranded beta sheets forming a jelly roll fold with unexpected
structural similarity to lectins. The LNS domains of neurexin and agrin undergo
alternative splicing that modulates their affinity for protein ligands in a
neuron-specific manner. These splice sites are localized within loops at one
edge of the jelly roll, suggesting a distinct protein interaction surface in LNS
domains that is regulated by alternative splicing.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 3.
Figure 3. Structural Similarity between Neurexin Iβ and
Lectin DomainsThe neurexin Iβ structure (A) is compared to
serum amyloid P protein (PDB ID code: 1sac [B]), glucanase (1axk
[C]), and S-lectin (1slt [D]). A ribbon diagram (left)
visualizes β strands in light blue or yellow and helices in
magenta or green. Loops rising up over the concave surface
forming part of the sugar binding pockets in 1sac, 1axk, and
1slt are shown in red, and their counterparts in neurexin Iβ
are indicated as well. The molecular surfaces (right) are
colored according to electrostatic potential with blue
corresponding to +10 kT and red corresponding to −10 kT.
Arrows indicate the carbohydrate-binding sites identified in the
crystal structures.
|
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Figure 5.
Figure 5. Alternative Splice SitesStereo C[α] trace of
neurexin Iβ. Alternative splice sites identified in neurexin
LNS domains are labeled #2, #3, #4, two sites identified in
agrin LNS domains are labeled Y and Z. The equivalent position
of the RGD sequence in human laminin A, implicated in integrin
binding, is labeled with L.
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The above figures are
reprinted
by permission from Cell Press:
Cell
(1999,
99,
93-0)
copyright 1999.
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Figures were
selected
by an automated process.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
|
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| |
PubMed id
|
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Reference
|
 |
|
|
|
 |
G.J.Wright,
and
P.Washbourne
(2011).
Neurexins, neuroligins and LRRTMs: synaptic adhesion getting fishy.
|
| |
J Neurochem, 117,
765-778.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
D.Comoletti,
M.T.Miller,
C.M.Jeffries,
J.Wilson,
B.Demeler,
P.Taylor,
J.Trewhella,
and
T.Nakagawa
(2010).
The macromolecular architecture of extracellular domain of alphaNRXN1: domain organization, flexibility, and insights into trans-synaptic disposition.
|
| |
Structure, 18,
1044-1053.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
P.Leone,
D.Comoletti,
G.Ferracci,
S.Conrod,
S.U.Garcia,
P.Taylor,
Y.Bourne,
and
P.Marchot
(2010).
Structural insights into the exquisite selectivity of neurexin/neuroligin synaptic interactions.
|
| |
EMBO J, 29,
2461-2471.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
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|
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N.Giagtzoglou,
C.V.Ly,
and
H.J.Bellen
(2009).
Cell adhesion, the backbone of the synapse: "vertebrate" and "invertebrate" perspectives.
|
| |
Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol, 1,
a003079.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
C.Reissner,
M.Klose,
R.Fairless,
and
M.Missler
(2008).
Mutational analysis of the neurexin/neuroligin complex reveals essential and regulatory components.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105,
15124-15129.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
D.Comoletti,
A.Grishaev,
A.E.Whitten,
P.Taylor,
and
J.Trewhella
(2008).
Characterization of the solution structure of a neuroligin/beta-neurexin complex.
|
| |
Chem Biol Interact, 175,
150-155.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
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J.Koehnke,
X.Jin,
N.Trbovic,
P.S.Katsamba,
J.Brasch,
G.Ahlsen,
P.Scheiffele,
B.Honig,
A.G.Palmer,
and
L.Shapiro
(2008).
Crystal structures of beta-neurexin 1 and beta-neurexin 2 ectodomains and dynamics of splice insertion sequence 4.
|
| |
Structure, 16,
410-421.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
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|
|
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|
|
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K.C.Shen,
D.A.Kuczynska,
I.J.Wu,
B.H.Murray,
L.R.Sheckler,
and
G.Rudenko
(2008).
Regulation of neurexin 1beta tertiary structure and ligand binding through alternative splicing.
|
| |
Structure, 16,
422-431.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
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|
|
|
|
|
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R.W.Cho,
J.M.Park,
S.B.Wolff,
D.Xu,
C.Hopf,
J.A.Kim,
R.C.Reddy,
R.S.Petralia,
M.S.Perin,
D.J.Linden,
and
P.F.Worley
(2008).
mGluR1/5-dependent long-term depression requires the regulated ectodomain cleavage of neuronal pentraxin NPR by TACE.
|
| |
Neuron, 57,
858-871.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
S.Ravaud,
G.Stjepanovic,
K.Wild,
and
I.Sinning
(2008).
The crystal structure of the periplasmic domain of the Escherichia coli membrane protein insertase YidC contains a substrate binding cleft.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 283,
9350-9358.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
T.Wolfram,
J.P.Spatz,
and
R.W.Burgess
(2008).
Cell adhesion to agrin presented as a nanopatterned substrate is consistent with an interaction with the extracellular matrix and not transmembrane adhesion molecules.
|
| |
BMC Cell Biol, 9,
64.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
X.Chen,
H.Liu,
A.H.Shim,
P.J.Focia,
and
X.He
(2008).
Structural basis for synaptic adhesion mediated by neuroligin-neurexin interactions.
|
| |
Nat Struct Mol Biol, 15,
50-56.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
A.M.Craig,
and
Y.Kang
(2007).
Neurexin-neuroligin signaling in synapse development.
|
| |
Curr Opin Neurobiol, 17,
43-52.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
D.Araç,
A.A.Boucard,
E.Ozkan,
P.Strop,
E.Newell,
T.C.Südhof,
and
A.T.Brunger
(2007).
Structures of neuroligin-1 and the neuroligin-1/neurexin-1 beta complex reveal specific protein-protein and protein-Ca2+ interactions.
|
| |
Neuron, 56,
992.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
D.Comoletti,
A.Grishaev,
A.E.Whitten,
I.Tsigelny,
P.Taylor,
and
J.Trewhella
(2007).
Synaptic arrangement of the neuroligin/beta-neurexin complex revealed by X-ray and neutron scattering.
|
| |
Structure, 15,
693-705.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
I.P.Fabrichny,
P.Leone,
G.Sulzenbacher,
D.Comoletti,
M.T.Miller,
P.Taylor,
Y.Bourne,
and
P.Marchot
(2007).
Structural analysis of the synaptic protein neuroligin and its beta-neurexin complex: determinants for folding and cell adhesion.
|
| |
Neuron, 56,
979-991.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
L.Shapiro,
J.Love,
and
D.R.Colman
(2007).
Adhesion molecules in the nervous system: structural insights into function and diversity.
|
| |
Annu Rev Neurosci, 30,
451-474.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
M.B.Dalva,
A.C.McClelland,
and
M.S.Kayser
(2007).
Cell adhesion molecules: signalling functions at the synapse.
|
| |
Nat Rev Neurosci, 8,
206-220.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
V.M.Leppänen,
H.Tossavainen,
P.Permi,
L.Lehtiö,
G.Rönnholm,
A.Goldman,
I.Kilpelaïnen,
and
T.Pihlajamaa
(2007).
Crystal structure of the N-terminal NC4 domain of collagen IX, a zinc binding member of the laminin-neurexin-sex hormone binding globulin (LNS) domain family.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 282,
23219-23230.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
A.De Jaco,
D.Comoletti,
Z.Kovarik,
G.Gaietta,
Z.Radic,
O.Lockridge,
M.H.Ellisman,
and
P.Taylor
(2006).
A mutation linked with autism reveals a common mechanism of endoplasmic reticulum retention for the alpha,beta-hydrolase fold protein family.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 281,
9667-9676.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
A.M.Craig,
E.R.Graf,
and
M.W.Linhoff
(2006).
How to build a central synapse: clues from cell culture.
|
| |
Trends Neurosci, 29,
8.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
C.Dean,
and
T.Dresbach
(2006).
Neuroligins and neurexins: linking cell adhesion, synapse formation and cognitive function.
|
| |
Trends Neurosci, 29,
21-29.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
E.R.Graf,
Y.Kang,
A.M.Hauner,
and
A.M.Craig
(2006).
Structure function and splice site analysis of the synaptogenic activity of the neurexin-1 beta LNS domain.
|
| |
J Neurosci, 26,
4256-4265.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
L.R.Sheckler,
L.Henry,
S.Sugita,
T.C.Südhof,
and
G.Rudenko
(2006).
Crystal structure of the second LNS/LG domain from neurexin 1alpha: Ca2+ binding and the effects of alternative splicing.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 281,
22896-22905.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
N.Schröder,
A.Sekhar,
I.Geffers,
J.Müller,
O.Dittrich-Breiholz,
M.Kracht,
J.Wedemeyer,
and
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(2006).
Identification of mouse genes with highly specific expression patterns in differentiated intestinal epithelium.
|
| |
Gastroenterology, 130,
902-907.
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|
|
|
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P.Scotton,
D.Bleckmann,
M.Stebler,
F.Sciandra,
A.Brancaccio,
T.Meier,
J.Stetefeld,
and
M.A.Ruegg
(2006).
Activation of muscle-specific receptor tyrosine kinase and binding to dystroglycan are regulated by alternative mRNA splicing of agrin.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 281,
36835-36845.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
S.Kim,
A.Burette,
H.S.Chung,
S.K.Kwon,
J.Woo,
H.W.Lee,
K.Kim,
H.Kim,
R.J.Weinberg,
and
E.Kim
(2006).
NGL family PSD-95-interacting adhesion molecules regulate excitatory synapse formation.
|
| |
Nat Neurosci, 9,
1294-1301.
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|
|
|
 |
T.Nogi,
N.Yasui,
M.Hattori,
K.Iwasaki,
and
J.Takagi
(2006).
Structure of a signaling-competent reelin fragment revealed by X-ray crystallography and electron tomography.
|
| |
EMBO J, 25,
3675-3683.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
A.Chédotal,
G.Kerjan,
and
C.Moreau-Fauvarque
(2005).
The brain within the tumor: new roles for axon guidance molecules in cancers.
|
| |
Cell Death Differ, 12,
1044-1056.
|
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|
|
|
|
 |
A.Fallahi,
B.Kroll,
L.R.Warner,
R.J.Oxford,
K.M.Irwin,
L.M.Mercer,
S.E.Shadle,
and
J.T.Oxford
(2005).
Structural model of the amino propeptide of collagen XI alpha1 chain with similarity to the LNS domains.
|
| |
Protein Sci, 14,
1526-1537.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
C.L.Waites,
A.M.Craig,
and
C.C.Garner
(2005).
Mechanisms of vertebrate synaptogenesis.
|
| |
Annu Rev Neurosci, 28,
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|
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|
|
|
|
 |
J.Stetefeld,
and
M.A.Ruegg
(2005).
Structural and functional diversity generated by alternative mRNA splicing.
|
| |
Trends Biochem Sci, 30,
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|
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|
|
|
|
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K.Huse,
M.Platzer,
and
R.Backofen
(2005).
Non-EST based prediction of exon skipping and intron retention events using Pfam information.
|
| |
Nucleic Acids Res, 33,
5611-5621.
|
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|
|
|
|
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A.Helenius,
and
M.Aebi
(2004).
Roles of N-linked glycans in the endoplasmic reticulum.
|
| |
Annu Rev Biochem, 73,
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|
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|
|
|
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B.Davletov,
and
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(2004).
Sculpting a domain by splicing.
|
| |
Nat Struct Mol Biol, 11,
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|
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|
|
|
|
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E.R.Graf,
X.Zhang,
S.X.Jin,
M.W.Linhoff,
and
A.M.Craig
(2004).
Neurexins induce differentiation of GABA and glutamate postsynaptic specializations via neuroligins.
|
| |
Cell, 119,
1013-1026.
|
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|
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J.Stetefeld,
A.T.Alexandrescu,
M.W.Maciejewski,
M.Jenny,
K.Rathgeb-Szabo,
T.Schulthess,
R.Landwehr,
S.Frank,
M.A.Ruegg,
and
R.A.Kammerer
(2004).
Modulation of agrin function by alternative splicing and Ca2+ binding.
|
| |
Structure, 12,
503-515.
|
 |
|
PDB codes:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
J.Stegmüller,
H.Werner,
K.A.Nave,
and
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(2003).
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|
| |
J Biol Chem, 278,
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|
|
|
|
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(2003).
Differential regulation of cellular adhesion and migration by recombinant laminin-5 forms with partial deletion or mutation within the G3 domain of alpha3 chain.
|
| |
J Cell Biochem, 88,
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|
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|
|
|
|
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K.Svensson,
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R.F.Pettersson,
and
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(2002).
Crystal structure of the carbohydrate recognition domain of p58/ERGIC-53, a protein involved in glycoprotein export from the endoplasmic reticulum.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 277,
15979-15984.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
R.W.Burgess,
D.K.Dickman,
L.Nunez,
D.J.Glass,
and
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(2002).
Mapping sites responsible for interactions of agrin with neurons.
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| |
J Neurochem, 83,
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|
 |
|
|
|
|
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(2002).
Crystal structure of a C-terminal fragment of growth arrest-specific protein Gas6. Receptor tyrosine kinase activation by laminin G-like domains.
|
| |
J Biol Chem, 277,
44164-44170.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
V.Marillat,
O.Cases,
K.T.Nguyen-Ba-Charvet,
M.Tessier-Lavigne,
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(2002).
Spatiotemporal expression patterns of slit and robo genes in the rat brain.
|
| |
J Comp Neurol, 442,
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|
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|
|
|
|
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B.O.Villoutreix,
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D.Borgel,
S.Gandrille,
and
Y.A.Muller
(2001).
Three-dimensional model of the SHBG-like region of anticoagulant protein S: new structure-function insights.
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| |
Proteins, 43,
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|
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|
|
|
|
 |
G.Rudenko,
E.Hohenester,
and
Y.A.Muller
(2001).
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|
| |
Trends Biochem Sci, 26,
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|
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|
|
|
|
 |
J.D.Schrag,
J.J.Bergeron,
Y.Li,
S.Borisova,
M.Hahn,
D.Y.Thomas,
and
M.Cygler
(2001).
The Structure of calnexin, an ER chaperone involved in quality control of protein folding.
|
| |
Mol Cell, 8,
633-644.
|
 |
|
PDB code:
|
 |
|
|
|
|
|
 |
M.A.Bhat,
J.C.Rios,
Y.Lu,
G.P.Garcia-Fresco,
W.Ching,
M.St Martin,
J.Li,
S.Einheber,
M.Chesler,
J.Rosenbluth,
J.L.Salzer,
and
H.J.Bellen
(2001).
Axon-glia interactions and the domain organization of myelinated axons requires neurexin IV/Caspr/Paranodin.
|
| |
Neuron, 30,
369-383.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
S.Sugita,
F.Saito,
J.Tang,
J.Satz,
K.Campbell,
and
T.C.Südhof
(2001).
A stoichiometric complex of neurexins and dystroglycan in brain.
|
| |
J Cell Biol, 154,
435-445.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
T.C.Südhof
(2001).
alpha-Latrotoxin and its receptors: neurexins and CIRL/latrophilins.
|
| |
Annu Rev Neurosci, 24,
933-962.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
B.L.Patton
(2000).
Laminins of the neuromuscular system.
|
| |
Microsc Res Tech, 51,
247-261.
|
 |
|
|
|
|
 |
D.Tisi,
J.F.Talts,
R.Timpl,
and
E.Hohenester
(2000).
Structure of the C-terminal laminin G-like domain pair of the laminin alpha2 chain harbouring binding sites for alpha-dystroglycan and heparin.
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| |
EMBO J, 19,
1432-1440.
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PDB code:
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E.Peles,
and
J.L.Salzer
(2000).
Molecular domains of myelinated axons.
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| |
Curr Opin Neurobiol, 10,
558-565.
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I.Grishkovskaya,
G.V.Avvakumov,
G.Sklenar,
D.Dales,
G.L.Hammond,
and
Y.A.Muller
(2000).
Crystal structure of human sex hormone-binding globulin: steroid transport by a laminin G-like domain.
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| |
EMBO J, 19,
504-512.
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PDB code:
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K.Brose,
and
M.Tessier-Lavigne
(2000).
Slit proteins: key regulators of axon guidance, axonal branching, and cell migration.
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| |
Curr Opin Neurobiol, 10,
95.
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M.C.Deller,
and
E.Yvonne Jones
(2000).
Cell surface receptors.
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| |
Curr Opin Struct Biol, 10,
213-219.
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Q.Wu,
and
T.Maniatis
(2000).
Large exons encoding multiple ectodomains are a characteristic feature of protocadherin genes.
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| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 97,
3124-3129.
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T.D.Albright,
T.M.Jessell,
E.R.Kandel,
and
M.I.Posner
(2000).
Neural science: a century of progress and the mysteries that remain.
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| |
Cell, 100,
S1-55.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
code is
shown on the right.
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