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Electron transport PDB id
1be3
Jmol
Contents
Protein chains
446 a.a. *
419 a.a. *
379 a.a. *
241 a.a. *
196 a.a. *
106 a.a. *
81 a.a. *
64 a.a. *
33 a.a. *
62 a.a. *
22 a.a. *
Ligands
HEM ×2
HEC
FES
* Residue conservation analysis
PDB id:
1be3
Name: Electron transport
Title: Cytochrome bc1 complex from bovine
Structure: Cytochrome bc1 complex. Chain: a. Synonym: ubiquinol cytochromE C oxidoreductase, complex iii. Cytochrome bc1 complex. Chain: b. Synonym: ubiquinol cytochromE C oxidoreductase, complex iii. Cytochrome bc1 complex.
Source: Bos taurus. Cattle. Organism_taxid: 9913. Organ: heart. Tissue: heart muscle. Organelle: mitochondrion. Cellular_location: mitochondrial inner membrane. Cellular_location: mitochondrial inner membrane
Biol. unit: 22mer (from PQS)
Resolution:
3.00Å     R-factor:   0.260     R-free:   0.320
Authors: S.Iwata,J.W.Lee,K.Okada,J.K.Lee,M.Iwata,S.Ramaswamy,B.K.Jap
Key ref:
S.Iwata et al. (1998). Complete structure of the 11-subunit bovine mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex. Science, 281, 64-71. PubMed id: 9651245 DOI: 10.1126/science.281.5373.64
Date:
19-May-98     Release date:   13-Jan-99    
PROCHECK
Go to PROCHECK summary
 Headers
 References

Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P31800  (QCR1_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 1, mitochondrial
Seq:
Struc: 		480 a.a.
446 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P23004  (QCR2_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 2, mitochondrial
Seq:
Struc: 		453 a.a.
419 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P00157  (CYB_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b
Seq:
Struc: 		379 a.a.
379 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P00125  (CY1_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome c1, heme protein, mitochondrial
Seq:
Struc: 		325 a.a.
241 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P13272  (UCRI_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial
Seq:
Struc: 		274 a.a.
196 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P00129  (QCR7_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 7
Seq:
Struc: 		111 a.a.
106 a.a.*
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P13271  (QCR8_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 8
Seq:
Struc: 		82 a.a.
81 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P00126  (QCR6_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 6, mitochondrial
Seq:
Struc: 		91 a.a.
64 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P13272  (UCRI_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial
Seq:
Struc: 		274 a.a.
33 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P00130  (QCR9_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 9
Seq:
Struc: 		64 a.a.
62 a.a.
Protein chain
Pfam   ArchSchema ?
P07552  (QCR10_BOVIN) -  Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit 10
Seq:
Struc: 		56 a.a.
22 a.a.*
Key:    PfamA domain  Secondary structure  CATH domain
* PDB and UniProt seqs differ at 3 residue positions (black crosses)

 Enzyme reactions 
   Enzyme class: Chains E, I: E.C.1.10.2.2  - Ubiquinol--cytochrome-c reductase.
[IntEnz]   [ExPASy]   [KEGG]   [BRENDA]
      Reaction: QH2 + 2 ferricytochrome c = Q + 2 ferrocytochrome c + 2 H+
QH(2)
 +
2 × ferricytochrome c
Bound ligand (Het Group name = HEM)
matches with 63.00% similarity 		= Q
 + 2 × ferrocytochrome c
 + 2 × H(+)
Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the KEGG ftp site
 Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation 
  GO annot!
  Cellular component     membrane   7 terms 
  Biological process     oxidation-reduction process   14 terms 
  Biochemical function     catalytic activity     11 terms  

 

 
    reference    
 
 
DOI no: 10.1126/science.281.5373.64 Science 281:64-71 (1998)
PubMed id: 9651245  
 
 
Complete structure of the 11-subunit bovine mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex.
S.Iwata, J.W.Lee, K.Okada, J.K.Lee, M.Iwata, B.Rasmussen, T.A.Link, S.Ramaswamy, B.K.Jap.
 
  ABSTRACT  
 
Mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex performs two functions: It is a respiratory multienzyme complex and it recognizes a mitochondrial targeting presequence. Refined crystal structures of the 11-subunit bc1 complex from bovine heart reveal full views of this bifunctional enzyme. The "Rieske" iron-sulfur protein subunit shows significant conformational changes in different crystal forms, suggesting a new electron transport mechanism of the enzyme. The mitochondrial targeting presequence of the "Rieske" protein (subunit 9) is lodged between the two "core" subunits at the matrix side of the complex. These "core" subunits are related to the matrix processing peptidase, and the structure unveils how mitochondrial targeting presequences are recognized.
 
  Selected figure(s)  
 
Figure 3.
Fig. 3. Interaction of the mitochondrial targeting presequence of the ISP (subunit 9 in bright red) with the two core subunits (core^ 1 in aqua blue and core 2 in green). (A) Position of subunit 9 between the core 1 and core 2 subunits viewed from the mitochondrial matrix side of the complex. The cleaved NH[2]-terminal arm of the^ ISP is shown in magenta. The -sheet of the NH[2]-terminal domain of core 2 is highlighted (yellowish green), and the two possible^ Zn2+-binding sites are marked by black arrowheads. (B) Stereoview of various interactions between the COOH-terminal -strand of^ subunit 9 and its binding site in the core 2 subunit. 		Figure 4.
Fig. 4. Structural comparison of the ISP in P6[5]22 and P6[5] crystal forms of bovine cytochrome bc[1]. Stereoview of the superimposed ISP functional domains at "c[1]" (red) and "Int" (blue) positional states using the base folds. The cluster-binding folds are shown in saturated^ colors, whereas the base folds are shown in pale colors. These^ structures are related by a hinge motion and the isomerization of Pro175 near the [2Fe-2S] center.
 
  The above figures are reprinted by permission from the AAAs: Science (1998, 281, 64-71) copyright 1998.  
  Figures were selected by the author.  

Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference

  PubMed id Reference
21278747 D.Ghezzi, P.Arzuffi, M.Zordan, C.Da Re, C.Lamperti, C.Benna, P.D'Adamo, D.Diodato, R.Costa, C.Mariotti, G.Uziel, C.Smiderle, and M.Zeviani (2011).
Mutations in TTC19 cause mitochondrial complex III deficiency and neurological impairment in humans and flies.
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21359406 I.Bertini, G.Cavallaro, and A.Rosato (2011).
Principles and patterns in the interaction between mono-heme cytochrome c and its partners in electron transfer processes.
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20305653 B.D.Freudenthal, L.Gakhar, S.Ramaswamy, and M.T.Washington (2010).
Structure of monoubiquitinated PCNA and implications for translesion synthesis and DNA polymerase exchange.
  Nat Struct Mol Biol, 17, 479-484.
PDB codes: 3l0w 3l0x 3l10
20025846 E.A.Berry, L.S.Huang, D.W.Lee, F.Daldal, K.Nagai, and N.Minagawa (2010).
Ascochlorin is a novel, specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1797, 360-370.
PDB code: 3h1l
19739941 G.Lenaz, and M.L.Genova (2010).
Structure and organization of mitochondrial respiratory complexes: a new understanding of an old subject.
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20345689 J.W.Ballard, and R.G.Melvin (2010).
Linking the mitochondrial genotype to the organismal phenotype.
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20496909 K.L.Hsueh, W.M.Westler, and J.L.Markley (2010).
NMR investigations of the Rieske protein from Thermus thermophilus support a coupled proton and electron transfer mechanism.
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19826804 K.McLuskey, A.W.Roszak, Y.Zhu, and N.W.Isaacs (2010).
Crystal structures of all-alpha type membrane proteins.
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Impact of the mitochondrial genetic background in complex III deficiency.
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20533897 P.R.Rich, and A.Maréchal (2010).
The mitochondrial respiratory chain.
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Structural basis for the disulfide relay system in the mitochondrial intermembrane space.
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Proteomic analysis of protein tyrosine nitration after ischemia reperfusion injury: mitochondria as the major target.
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19692591 D.Arnoult, F.Soares, I.Tattoli, C.Castanier, D.J.Philpott, and S.E.Girardin (2009).
An N-terminal addressing sequence targets NLRX1 to the mitochondrial matrix.
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19099453 D.R.Kolling, R.I.Samoilova, A.A.Shubin, A.R.Crofts, and S.A.Dikanov (2009).
Proton environment of reduced Rieske iron-sulfur cluster probed by two-dimensional ESEEM spectroscopy.
  J Phys Chem A, 113, 653-667.  
19348884 F.Millett, and B.Durham (2009).
Chapter 5 Use of ruthenium photooxidation techniques to study electron transfer in the cytochrome bc1 complex.
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19099403 G.Saab-Rincón, and B.Valderrama (2009).
Protein engineering of redox-active enzymes.
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Electron Flow through Proteins.
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19810688 J.L.Cape, D.Aidasani, D.M.Kramer, and M.K.Bowman (2009).
Substrate redox potential controls superoxide production kinetics in the cytochrome bc complex.
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19786549 L.Aguilera-Aguirre, A.Bacsi, A.Saavedra-Molina, A.Kurosky, S.Sur, and I.Boldogh (2009).
Mitochondrial dysfunction increases allergic airway inflammation.
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19523237 L.Azevedo, J.Carneiro, B.van Asch, A.Moleirinho, F.Pereira, and A.Amorim (2009).
Epistatic interactions modulate the evolution of mammalian mitochondrial respiratory complex components.
  BMC Genomics, 10, 266.  
20040113 M.Freigassner, H.Pichler, and A.Glieder (2009).
wTuning microbial hosts for membrane protein production.
  Microb Cell Fact, 8, 69.  
19061483 M.P.Murphy (2009).
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19719482 M.S.Albury, C.Elliott, and A.L.Moore (2009).
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19415898 M.Sarewicz, M.Dutka, W.Froncisz, and A.Osyczka (2009).
Magnetic interactions sense changes in distance between heme b(L) and the iron-sulfur cluster in cytochrome bc(1).
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19528227 O.Moiseeva, V.Bourdeau, A.Roux, X.Deschênes-Simard, and G.Ferbeyre (2009).
Mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to oncogene-induced senescence.
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19165831 P.Van Nieuwenhuyse, T.Van Leeuwen, J.Khajehali, B.Vanholme, and L.Tirry (2009).
Mutations in the mitochondrial cytochrome b of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) confer cross-resistance between bifenazate and acequinocyl.
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19236481 V.Zara, L.Conte, and B.L.Trumpower (2009).
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  FEBS J, 276, 1900-1914.  
  19727437 Z.Jiang, J.J.Michal, J.Chen, T.F.Daniels, T.Kunej, M.D.Garcia, C.T.Gaskins, J.R.Busboom, L.J.Alexander, R.W.Wright, and M.D.Macneil (2009).
Discovery of novel genetic networks associated with 19 economically important traits in beef cattle.
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18796602 A.P.Komarov, O.W.Rokhlin, C.A.Yu, and A.V.Gudkov (2008).
Functional genetic screening reveals the role of mitochondrial cytochrome b as a mediator of FAS-induced apoptosis.
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18501698 A.R.Crofts, J.T.Holland, D.Victoria, D.R.Kolling, S.A.Dikanov, R.Gilbreth, S.Lhee, R.Kuras, and M.G.Kuras (2008).
The Q-cycle reviewed: How well does a monomeric mechanism of the bc(1) complex account for the function of a dimeric complex?
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1777, 1001-1019.  
18701458 B.Gurung, L.Yu, and C.A.Yu (2008).
Stigmatellin induces reduction of iron-sulfur protein in the oxidized cytochrome bc1 complex.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 28087-28094.  
18953640 D.Xia, L.Esser, M.Elberry, F.Zhou, L.Yu, and C.A.Yu (2008).
The road to the crystal structure of the cytochrome bc (1) complex from the anoxigenic, photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
  J Bioenerg Biomembr, 40, 485-492.  
18418633 E.A.Berry, and F.A.Walker (2008).
Bis-histidine-coordinated hemes in four-helix bundles: how the geometry of the bundle controls the axial imidazole plane orientations in transmembrane cytochromes of mitochondrial complexes II and III and related proteins.
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18515061 E.J.Lesnefsky, and C.L.Hoppel (2008).
Cardiolipin as an oxidative target in cardiac mitochondria in the aged rat.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1777, 1020-1027.  
18719951 E.N.Brown, R.Friemann, A.Karlsson, J.V.Parales, M.M.Couture, L.D.Eltis, and S.Ramaswamy (2008).
Determining Rieske cluster reduction potentials.
  J Biol Inorg Chem, 13, 1301-1313.
PDB code: 2qpz
18022381 F.A.Rotsaert, M.G.Ding, and B.L.Trumpower (2008).
Differential efficacy of inhibition of mitochondrial and bacterial cytochrome bc1 complexes by center N inhibitors antimycin, ilicicolin H and funiculosin.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1777, 211-219.  
18513324 H.Sumimoto (2008).
Structure, regulation and evolution of Nox-family NADPH oxidases that produce reactive oxygen species.
  FEBS J, 275, 3249-3277.  
18258178 H.W.Ma, S.Yang, L.Yu, and C.A.Yu (2008).
Formation of engineered intersubunit disulfide bond in cytochrome bc1 complex disrupts electron transfer activity in the complex.
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18296637 J.I.Yeh, U.Chinte, and S.Du (2008).
Structure of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an essential monotopic membrane enzyme involved in respiration and metabolism.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 105, 3280-3285.
PDB codes: 2qcu 2r45 2r46 2r4e 2r4j
19009337 J.J.Wen, and N.J.Garg (2008).
Mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species is enhanced at the Q(o) site of the complex III in the myocardium of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice: beneficial effects of an antioxidant.
  J Bioenerg Biomembr, 40, 587-598.  
19006325 J.Janzon, Q.Yuan, F.Malatesta, P.Hellwig, B.Ludwig, B.Durham, and F.Millett (2008).
Probing the Paracoccus denitrificans cytochrome c(1)-cytochrome c(552) interaction by mutagenesis and fast kinetics.
  Biochemistry, 47, 12974-12984.  
18843528 M.Hüttemann, I.Lee, A.Pecinova, P.Pecina, K.Przyklenk, and J.W.Doan (2008).
Regulation of oxidative phosphorylation, the mitochondrial membrane potential, and their role in human disease.
  J Bioenerg Biomembr, 40, 445-456.  
18839290 N.V.Dudkina, S.Sunderhaus, E.J.Boekema, and H.P.Braun (2008).
The higher level of organization of the oxidative phosphorylation system: mitochondrial supercomplexes.
  J Bioenerg Biomembr, 40, 419-424.  
18516048 O.A.Ulanovskaya, J.Janjic, M.Suzuki, S.S.Sabharwal, P.T.Schumacker, S.J.Kron, and S.A.Kozmin (2008).
Synthesis enables identification of the cellular target of leucascandrolide A and neopeltolide.
  Nat Chem Biol, 4, 418-424.  
18439546 O.Barel, Z.Shorer, H.Flusser, R.Ofir, G.Narkis, G.Finer, H.Shalev, A.Nasasra, A.Saada, and O.S.Birk (2008).
Mitochondrial complex III deficiency associated with a homozygous mutation in UQCRQ.
  Am J Hum Genet, 82, 1211-1216.  
18996700 P.J.Crowley, E.A.Berry, T.Cromartie, F.Daldal, C.R.Godfrey, D.W.Lee, J.E.Phillips, A.Taylor, and R.Viner (2008).
The role of molecular modeling in the design of analogues of the fungicidal natural products crocacins A and D.
  Bioorg Med Chem, 16, 10345-10355.
PDB code: 3cwb
18454936 R.Covian, and B.L.Trumpower (2008).
The dimeric structure of the cytochrome bc(1) complex prevents center P inhibition by reverse reactions at center N.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1777, 1044-1052.  
18471987 R.Covian, and B.L.Trumpower (2008).
Regulatory interactions in the dimeric cytochrome bc(1) complex: the advantages of being a twin.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1777, 1079-1091.  
18713733 S.Yang, H.W.Ma, L.Yu, and C.A.Yu (2008).
On the mechanism of quinol oxidation at the QP site in the cytochrome bc1 complex: studied using mutants lacking cytochrome bL or bH.
  J Biol Chem, 283, 28767-28776.  
18852042 T.A.Theodossiou, A.Papakyriakou, and J.S.Hothersall (2008).
Molecular modeling and experimental evidence for hypericin as a substrate for mitochondrial complex III; mitochondrial photodamage as demonstrated using specific inhibitors.
  Free Radic Biol Med, 45, 1581-1590.  
18721136 T.Kleinschroth, O.Anderka, M.Ritter, A.Stocker, T.A.Link, B.Ludwig, and P.Hellwig (2008).
Characterization of mutations in crucial residues around the Q(o) binding site of the cytochrome bc complex from Paracoccus denitrificans.
  FEBS J, 275, 4773-4785.  
17028136 A.Aird, J.Wrachtrup, K.Schulten, and C.Tietz (2007).
Possible pathway for ubiquinone shuttling in Rhodospirillum rubrum revealed by molecular dynamics simulation.
  Biophys J, 92, 23-33.  
17200733 A.Y.Mulkidjanian (2007).
Proton translocation by the cytochrome bc1 complexes of phototrophic bacteria: introducing the activated Q-cycle.
  Photochem Photobiol Sci, 6, 19-34.  
17506638 D.C.Wallace (2007).
Why do we still have a maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA? Insights from evolutionary medicine.
  Annu Rev Biochem, 76, 781-821.  
17223530 D.J.Kolling, J.S.Brunzelle, S.Lhee, A.R.Crofts, and S.K.Nair (2007).
Atomic resolution structures of rieske iron-sulfur protein: role of hydrogen bonds in tuning the redox potential of iron-sulfur clusters.
  Structure, 15, 29-38.
PDB codes: 2nuk 2num 2nve 2nvf 2nvg 2nwf
17457691 D.Xia, L.Esser, L.Yu, and C.A.Yu (2007).
Structural basis for the mechanism of electron bifurcation at the quinol oxidation site of the cytochrome bc1 complex.
  Photosynth Res, 92, 17-34.  
17498743 E.Yamashita, H.Zhang, and W.A.Cramer (2007).
Structure of the cytochrome b6f complex: quinone analogue inhibitors as ligands of heme cn.
  J Mol Biol, 370, 39-52.
PDB codes: 2e74 2e75 2e76
17470780 J.L.Cape, M.K.Bowman, and D.M.Kramer (2007).
A semiquinone intermediate generated at the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex: importance for the Q-cycle and superoxide production.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 7887-7892.  
17312024 J.M.Herrmann, and R.Köhl (2007).
Catch me if you can! Oxidative protein trapping in the intermembrane space of mitochondria.
  J Cell Biol, 176, 559-563.  
17360398 J.Zhu, T.Egawa, S.R.Yeh, L.Yu, and C.A.Yu (2007).
Simultaneous reduction of iron-sulfur protein and cytochrome b(L) during ubiquinol oxidation in cytochrome bc(1) complex.
  Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 104, 4864-4869.  
16900298 K.Yoshimatsu, O.Araya, and T.Fujiwara (2007).
Haloarcula marismortui cytochrome b-561 is encoded by the narC gene in the dissimilatory nitrate reductase operon.
  Extremophiles, 11, 41-47.  
17573435 L.Giachini, F.Francia, G.Veronesi, D.W.Lee, F.Daldal, L.S.Huang, E.A.Berry, T.Cocco, S.Papa, F.Boscherini, and G.Venturoli (2007).
X-Ray absorption studies of Zn2+ binding sites in bacterial, avian, and bovine cytochrome bc1 complexes.
  Biophys J, 93, 2934-2951.  
18240421 M.Hüttemann, I.Lee, L.Samavati, H.Yu, and J.W.Doan (2007).
Regulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through cell signaling.
  Biochim Biophys Acta, 1773, 1701-1720.  
17825565 M.J.Baker, A.E.Frazier, J.M.Gulbis, and M.T.Ryan (2007).
Mitochondrial protein-import machinery: correlating structure with function.
  Trends Cell Biol, 17, 456-464.  
  17401203 M.Senda, S.Kishigami, S.Kimura, and T.Senda (2007).
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the reduced Rieske-type [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin derived from Pseudomonas sp. strain KKS102.
  Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun, 63, 311-314.  
17557793 N.Buzhynskyy, P.Sens, V.Prima, J.N.Sturgis, and S.Scheuring (2007).
Rows of ATP synthase dimers in native mitochondrial inner membranes.
  Biophys J, 93, 2870-2876.  
17562131 P.Kakkar, and B.K.Singh (2007).
Mitochondria: a hub of redox activities and cellular distress control.
  Mol Cell Biochem, 305, 235-253.  
17616531 S.A.Dikanov, J.T.Holland, B.Endeward, D.R.Kolling, R.I.Samoilova, T.F.Prisner, and A.R.Crofts (2007).
Hydrogen bonds between nitrogen donors and the semiquinone in the Qi-site of the bc1 complex.
  J Biol Chem, 282, 25831-25841.  
17516628 S.Devanathan, Z.Salamon, G.Tollin, J.C.Fitch, T.E.Meyer, E.A.Berry, and M.A.Cusanovich (2007).
Plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopic evidence for differential binding of oxidized and reduced Rhodobacter capsulatus cytochrome c2 to the cytochrome bc1 complex mediated by the conformation of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein.
  Biochemistry, 46, 7138-7145.  
17253777 S.Rajagukguk, S.Yang, C.A.Yu, L.Yu, B.Durham, and F.Millett (2007).
Effect of mutations in the cytochrome b ef loop on the electron-transfer reactions of the Rieske iron-sulfur protein in the cytochrome bc1 complex.
  Biochemistry, 46, 1791-1798.  
18198295 T.Kunej, Z.Wang, J.J.Michal, T.F.Daniels, N.S.Magnuson, and Z.Jiang (2007).
Functional UQCRC1 Polymorphisms Affect Promoter Activity and Body Lipid Accumulation.
  Obesity (Silver Spring), 15, 2896-2901.  
17399709 V.P.Shinkarev, and C.A.Wraight (2007).
Intermonomer electron transfer in the bc1 complex dimer is controlled by the energized state and by impaired electron transfer between low and high potential hemes.
  FEBS Lett, 581, 1535-1541.  
17680808 V.Zara, L.Conte, and B.L.Trumpower (2007).
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PDB codes: 2gmh 2gmj
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PDB codes: 1zoy 1zp0
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PDB codes: 1pp9 1ppj 2a06
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PDB code: 1q90
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Biosynthesis and biophysical analysis of domains of a yeast G protein-coupled receptor.
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PDB code: 1mgy
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Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by Drosophila mitochondria.
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PDB code: 1jni
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Crystal structure of the yeast cytochrome bc1 complex with its bound substrate cytochrome c.
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PDB code: 1kyo
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Long membrane helices and short loops predicted less accurately.
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Redox-coupled proton pumping activity in cytochrome b6f, as evidenced by the pH dependence of electron transfer in whole cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
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Heterologous expression and purification systems for structural proteomics of Mammalian membrane proteins.
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PDB code: 1gv4
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Golden mean to longevity: rareness of mitochondrial cytochrome b variants in centenarians but not in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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The alpha-helix and the organization and gating of channels.
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Absorption and CD spectroscopy and modeling of various LH2 complexes from purple bacteria.
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Proof of principle in a de novo designed protein maquette: an allosterically regulated, charge-activated conformational switch in a tetra-alpha-helix bundle.
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Structures and proton-pumping strategies of mitochondrial respiratory enzymes.
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