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* Residue conservation analysis
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Enzyme class 2:
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E.C.2.7.7.49
- RNA-directed Dna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate
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+
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DNA(n)
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=
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diphosphate
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+
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DNA(n+1)
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Enzyme class 3:
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E.C.2.7.7.7
- DNA-directed Dna polymerase.
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Reaction:
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate + DNA(n) = diphosphate + DNA(n+1)
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Deoxynucleoside triphosphate
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+
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DNA(n)
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=
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diphosphate
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+
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DNA(n+1)
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Enzyme class 4:
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E.C.3.1.26.4
- Ribonuclease H.
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Reaction:
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Endonucleolytic cleavage to 5'-phosphomonoester.
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Note, where more than one E.C. class is given (as above), each may
correspond to a different protein domain or, in the case of polyprotein
precursors, to a different mature protein.
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Molecule diagrams generated from .mol files obtained from the
KEGG ftp site
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Gene Ontology (GO) functional annotation
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Biological process
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DNA integration
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1 term
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Biochemical function
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nucleic acid binding
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2 terms
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DOI no:
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
95:4831-4836
(1998)
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PubMed id:
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Structure of the catalytic domain of avian sarcoma virus integrase with a bound HIV-1 integrase-targeted inhibitor.
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J.Lubkowski,
F.Yang,
J.Alexandratos,
A.Wlodawer,
H.Zhao,
T.R.Burke,
N.Neamati,
Y.Pommier,
G.Merkel,
A.M.Skalka.
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ABSTRACT
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The x-ray structures of an inhibitor complex of the catalytic core domain of
avian sarcoma virus integrase (ASV IN) were solved at 1.9- to 2.0-A resolution
at two pH values, with and without Mn2+ cations. This inhibitor (Y-3),
originally identified in a screen for inhibitors of the catalytic activity of
HIV type 1 integrase (HIV-1 IN), was found in the present study to be active
against ASV IN as well as HIV-1 IN. The Y-3 molecule is located in close
proximity to the enzyme active site, interacts with the flexible loop, alters
loop conformation, and affects the conformations of active site residues. As
crystallized, a Y-3 molecule stacks against its symmetry-related mate.
Preincubation of IN with metal cations does not prevent inhibition, and Y-3
binding does not prevent binding of divalent cations to IN. Three compounds
chemically related to Y-3 also were investigated, but no binding was observed in
the crystals. Our results identify the structural elements of the inhibitor that
likely determine its binding properties.
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Selected figure(s)
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Figure 3.
Fig. 3. An electron density (ED) map for the inhibitor
Y-3. The initial F[o]-F[c] ED map is contoured at the 2.5 level
(red); the final 2F[o]-F[c] ED map is contoured at the 1.1 level
(blue). The refined conformation of the Y-3 model is shown in
green. Prepared with BOBSCRIPT, a modification of MOLSCRIPT (36).
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Figure 5.
Fig. 5. Inhibitor binding site. Conformational
differences between the Y-3- ASV IN (core) complex [pH 5.6
(green)] and the unliganded enzyme, Protein Data Bank code 1ASV
(magenta). (A) Residues with altered conformation are labeled.
For Arg 158, one of two alternate conformations is shown. The
bound Y-3 molecule and its symmetry-related copy are both shown.
(B) Conformational changes in the flexible loop sections
(residues 141-146) with bound inhibitor molecules.
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Figures were
selected
by the author.
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Literature references that cite this PDB file's key reference
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PubMed id
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Reference
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I.V.Nesmelova,
and
P.B.Hackett
(2010).
DDE transposases: Structural similarity and diversity.
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Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 62,
1187-1195.
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J.Z.Hu,
L.Bai,
D.G.Chen,
Q.T.Xu,
and
W.M.Southerland
(2010).
Computational investigation of the anti-HIV activity of Chinese medicinal formula Three-Huang Powder.
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Interdiscip Sci, 2,
151-156.
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M.Métifiot,
K.Maddali,
A.Naumova,
X.Zhang,
C.Marchand,
and
Y.Pommier
(2010).
Biochemical and pharmacological analyses of HIV-1 integrase flexible loop mutants resistant to raltegravir.
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Biochemistry, 49,
3715-3722.
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M.Nadal,
P.J.Mas,
A.G.Blanco,
C.Arnan,
M.Solà,
D.J.Hart,
and
M.Coll
(2010).
Structure and inhibition of herpesvirus DNA packaging terminase nuclease domain.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 107,
16078-16083.
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PDB codes:
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Z.Hu,
D.Chen,
L.Dong,
and
W.M.Southerland
(2010).
Prediction of the interaction of HIV-1 integrase and its dicaffeoylquinic acid inhibitor through molecular modeling approach.
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Ethn Dis, 20,
S1.
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C.Marchand,
K.Maddali,
M.Métifiot,
and
Y.Pommier
(2009).
HIV-1 IN inhibitors: 2010 update and perspectives.
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Curr Top Med Chem, 9,
1016-1037.
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M.Jaskolski,
J.N.Alexandratos,
G.Bujacz,
and
A.Wlodawer
(2009).
Piecing together the structure of retroviral integrase, an important target in AIDS therapy.
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FEBS J, 276,
2926-2946.
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S.Sacquin-Mora,
E.Laforet,
and
R.Lavery
(2007).
Locating the active sites of enzymes using mechanical properties.
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Proteins, 67,
350-359.
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L.Q.Al-Mawsawi,
V.Fikkert,
R.Dayam,
M.Witvrouw,
T.R.Burke,
C.H.Borchers,
and
N.Neamati
(2006).
Discovery of a small-molecule HIV-1 integrase inhibitor-binding site.
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 103,
10080-10085.
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T.L.Diamond,
and
F.D.Bushman
(2006).
Role of metal ions in catalysis by HIV integrase analyzed using a quantitative PCR disintegration assay.
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Nucleic Acids Res, 34,
6116-6125.
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B.Ason,
D.J.Knauss,
A.M.Balke,
G.Merkel,
A.M.Skalka,
and
W.S.Reznikoff
(2005).
Targeting Tn5 transposase identifies human immunodeficiency virus type 1 inhibitors.
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Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 49,
2035-2043.
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J.Snásel,
Z.Krejcík,
V.Jencová,
I.Rosenberg,
T.Ruml,
J.Alexandratos,
A.Gustchina,
and
I.Pichová
(2005).
Integrase of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus.
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FEBS J, 272,
203-216.
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J.Wielens,
I.T.Crosby,
and
D.K.Chalmers
(2005).
A three-dimensional model of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration complex.
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J Comput Aided Mol Des, 19,
301-317.
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PDB code:
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L.W.Yang,
and
I.Bahar
(2005).
Coupling between catalytic site and collective dynamics: a requirement for mechanochemical activity of enzymes.
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Structure, 13,
893-904.
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Y.Pommier,
A.A.Johnson,
and
C.Marchand
(2005).
Integrase inhibitors to treat HIV/AIDS.
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Nat Rev Drug Discov, 4,
236-248.
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R.Daniel,
C.B.Myers,
J.Kulkosky,
K.Taganov,
J.G.Greger,
G.Merkel,
I.T.Weber,
R.W.Harrison,
and
A.M.Skalka
(2004).
Characterization of a naphthalene derivative inhibitor of retroviral integrases.
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AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses, 20,
135-144.
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J.Y.Wang,
H.Ling,
W.Yang,
and
R.Craigie
(2001).
Structure of a two-domain fragment of HIV-1 integrase: implications for domain organization in the intact protein.
|
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EMBO J, 20,
7333-7343.
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PDB code:
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V.Molteni,
J.Greenwald,
D.Rhodes,
Y.Hwang,
W.Kwiatkowski,
F.D.Bushman,
J.S.Siegel,
and
S.Choe
(2001).
Identification of a small-molecule binding site at the dimer interface of the HIV integrase catalytic domain.
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Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 57,
536-544.
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PDB codes:
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Y.Pommier,
C.Marchand,
and
N.Neamati
(2000).
Retroviral integrase inhibitors year 2000: update and perspectives.
|
| |
Antiviral Res, 47,
139-148.
|
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|
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|
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Y.Goldgur,
R.Craigie,
G.H.Cohen,
T.Fujiwara,
T.Yoshinaga,
T.Fujishita,
H.Sugimoto,
T.Endo,
H.Murai,
and
D.R.Davies
(1999).
Structure of the HIV-1 integrase catalytic domain complexed with an inhibitor: a platform for antiviral drug design.
|
| |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 96,
13040-13043.
|
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PDB code:
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|
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Y.Li,
Y.Yan,
J.Zugay-Murphy,
B.Xu,
J.L.Cole,
M.Witmer,
P.Felock,
A.Wolfe,
D.Hazuda,
M.K.Sardana,
Z.Chen,
L.C.Kuo,
and
V.V.Sardana
(1999).
Purification, solution properties and crystallization of SIV integrase containing a continuous core and C-terminal domain.
|
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Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr, 55,
1906-1910.
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The most recent references are shown first.
Citation data come partly from CiteXplore and partly
from an automated harvesting procedure. Note that this is likely to be
only a partial list as not all journals are covered by
either method. However, we are continually building up the citation data
so more and more references will be included with time.
Where a reference describes a PDB structure, the PDB
codes are
shown on the right.
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