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InterPro: IPR001314 Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin
Protein matches
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UniProtKB Matches: 7615 proteins |
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Accession
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IPR001314 Peptidase_S1A |
Type
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Domain |
Signatures
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InterPro Relationships
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Parent
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IPR001254 Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap
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Found in
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IPR003966 Peptidase S1A, prothrombin/thrombin
IPR008292 Haptoglobin
IPR011163 Peptidase S1A, enteropeptidase
IPR011358 Peptidase S1A, plasmin
IPR011360 Complement B/C2
IPR012051 Peptidase S1A, prothrombin
IPR012224 Peptidase S1A, coagulation factor VII/IX/X/C/Z
IPR012267 Peptidase S1A, acrosin
IPR014394 Coagulation factor XII/hepatocyte growth factor activator
IPR017051 Suppressor of tumourigenicity 14
IPR017052 Atrial natriuteric peptide-converting enzyme
IPR017118 Matriptase-2
IPR017324 Transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS9
IPR017326 Polyserase-2
IPR017327 Transmembrane serine protease, TMPRSS13
IPR017329 Serine protease, transmembrane, TMPRSS11A
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Contains
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IPR018114 Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap, active site
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GO Term annotation
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Process
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GO:0006508 proteolysis
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Function
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GO:0004252 serine-type endopeptidase activity
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InterPro annotation
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Entry Details in BioMart
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Abstract
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In the MEROPS database peptidases and peptidase homologues are grouped into clans and families. Clans are groups of families for which there is evidence of common ancestry based on a common structural fold:
- Each clan is identified with two letters, the first representing the catalytic type of the families included in the clan (with the letter 'P' being used for a clan containing families of more than one of the catalytic types serine, threonine and cysteine). Some families cannot yet be assigned to clans, and when a formal assignment is required, such a family is described as belonging to clan A-, C-, M-, S-, T- or U-, according to the catalytic type. Some clans are divided into subclans because there is evidence of a very ancient divergence within the clan, for example MA(E), the gluzincins, and MA(M), the metzincins.
- Peptidase families are grouped by their catalytic type, the first character representing the catalytic type: A, aspartic; C, cysteine; G, glutamic acid; M, metallo; S, serine; T, threonine; and U, unknown. The serine, threonine and cysteine peptidases utilise the amino acid as a nucleophile and form an acyl intermediate - these peptidases can also readily act as transferases. In the case of aspartic, glutamic and metallopeptidases, the nucleophile is an activated water molecule.
In many instances the structural protein fold that characterises the clan or family may have lost its catalytic activity, yet retain its function in protein recognition and binding.
Proteolytic enzymes that exploit serine in their catalytic activity are ubiquitous, being found in viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes [1]. They include a wide range of peptidase activity, including exopeptidase, endopeptidase, oligopeptidase and omega-peptidase activity. Over 20 families (denoted S1 - S66) of serine protease have been identified, these being grouped into clans on the basis of structural similarity and other functional evidence [1]. Structures are known for members of the clans and the structures indicate that some appear to be totally unrelated, suggesting different evolutionary origins for the serine peptidases [1].
Not withstanding their different evolutionary origins, there are similarities in the reaction mechanisms of several peptidases. Chymotrypsin, subtilisin and carboxypeptidase C have a catalytic triad of serine, aspartate and histidine in common: serine acts as a nucleophile, aspartate as an electrophile, and histidine as a base [1]. The geometric orientations of the catalytic residues are similar between families, despite different protein folds [1]. The linear arrangements of the catalytic residues commonly reflect clan relationships. For example the catalytic triad in the chymotrypsin clan (PA) is ordered HDS, but is ordered DHS in the subtilisin clan (SB) and SDH in the carboxypeptidase clan (SC) [1, 2].
This group of serine peptidases and non-peptidase homologs belong to the MEROPS peptidase family S1, subfamily S1A (chymotrypsin subfamily, clan PA(S)). The type example being chymotrypsin A from Bos taurus (Bovine).
Members of the chymotrypsin family may occasionally function intracellularly
(for example, the intracellular digestion of bacteria in neutrophils), but
most function extracellularly, for example in roles such as food digestion,
fibrinolysis and complement activation [1].
The essential catalytic unit of the chymotrypsin family is around 220
amino acids in length, although the protein may be extended at the
N terminus with unrelated sequences, often containing modules. They are
rarely extended at the C terminus: exceptions include acrosin, complement
component C2, and coagulation factor X, which has a 16 residue extension
that is removed upon activation [1].
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Structural links
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Database links
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Interactions
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This domain has been experimentally proven to be involved in Protein:Protein interactions. Representative
data is shown with the following
example proteins:
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Example proteins
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O00187 Mannan-binding lectin serine protease 2
P00743 Coagulation factor X
P00756 Kallikrein 1-related peptidase b3
P00775 Trypsin
P04814 Trypsin alpha
More proteins
Example Proteins Key
| InterPro entry accession number/name and structure databases |
Colour code |
| IPR000294 |
Gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-rich (GLA) domain |
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| IPR001881 |
EGF-like calcium-binding |
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| IPR001254 |
Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap |
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| IPR002383 |
Coagulation factor, Gla domain |
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| IPR000859 |
CUB |
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| IPR006210 |
EGF-like |
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| IPR009003 |
Serine/cysteine peptidase, trypsin-like |
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| IPR016060 |
Complement control module |
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| IPR000152 |
EGF-type aspartate/asparagine hydroxylation site |
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| IPR000742 |
EGF-like, type 3 |
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| IPR018114 |
Peptidase S1/S6, chymotrypsin/Hap, active site |
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| IPR013032 |
EGF-like region, conserved site |
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| IPR000436 |
Sushi/SCR/CCP |
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| IPR012224 |
Peptidase S1A, coagulation factor VII/IX/X/C/Z |
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| IPR001314 |
Peptidase S1A, chymotrypsin |
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| IPR006209 |
EGF |
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| IPR018097 |
EGF-like calcium-binding, conserved site |
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PDB Chain |
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ModBase |
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CATH Domain |
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SWISS-MODEL |
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SCOP Domain |
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Additional Reading
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Bode W, Huber R.
Crystal structure analysis and refinement of two variants of trigonal trypsinogen: trigonal trypsin and PEG (polyethylene glycol) trypsinogen and their comparison with orthorhombic trypsin and trigonal trypsinogen.
FEBS Lett. 90 1978 265-9
[PubMed: 668890]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(78)80382-2
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Huang W, Yamamoto Y, Li Y, Dou D, Alliston KR, Hanzlik RP, Williams TD, Groutas WC.
X-ray snapshot of the mechanism of inactivation of human neutrophil elastase by 1,2,5-thiadiazolidin-3-one 1,1-dioxide derivatives.
J. Med. Chem. 51 2008 2003-8
[PubMed: 18318470]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm700966p
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Hink-Schauer C, Estebanez-Perpina E, Kurschus FC, Bode W, Jenne DE.
Crystal structure of the apoptosis-inducing human granzyme A dimer.
Nat. Struct. Biol. 10 2003 535-40
[PubMed: 12819770]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsb945
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Getun IV, Brown CK, Tulla-Puche J, Ohlendorf D, Woodward C, Barany G.
Partially folded bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor analogues attain fully native structures when co-crystallized with S195A rat trypsin.
J. Mol. Biol. 375 2008 812-23
[PubMed: 18054043]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2007.10.084
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Lee YK, Parks DJ, Lu T, Thieu TV, Markotan T, Pan W, McComsey DF, Milkiewicz KL, Crysler CS, Ninan N, Abad MC, Giardino EC, Maryanoff BE, Damiano BP, Player MR.
7-fluoroindazoles as potent and selective inhibitors of factor Xa.
J. Med. Chem. 51 2008 282-97
[PubMed: 18159923]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm701217r
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Kardos J, Harmat V, Pallo A, Barabas O, Szilagyi K, Graf L, Naray-Szabo G, Goto Y, Zavodszky P, Gal P.
Revisiting the mechanism of the autoactivation of the complement protease C1r in the C1 complex: structure of the active catalytic region of C1r.
Mol. Immunol. 45 2008 1752-60
[PubMed: 17996945]
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2007.09.031
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Lima LM, Becker CF, Giesel GM, Marques AF, Cargnelutti MT, de Oliveira Neto M, Monteiro RQ, Verli H, Polikarpov I.
Structural and thermodynamic analysis of thrombin:suramin interaction in solution and crystal phases.
Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1794 2009 873-81
[PubMed: 19332154]
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