CHEBI:77850 - toxaphene

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ChEBI Name toxaphene
ChEBI ID CHEBI:77850
Definition A highly complex mixture of several hundred polychlorinated compounds obtained by chlorination of camphene to an overall chlorine content of 67-69% by weight and having an overall empirical formula of C10H10Cl8 (including optical isomers, it could theoretically contain over 32,000 congeners). Toxaphene was used from the mid-1940s as an agricultural insecticide (mostly in the USA, particularly on corn and soybeans). Use increased with the phasing out of DDT in the 1970s (it became the most heavily manufactured pesticide in the US) but it is now banned due to concerns about toxicity and carcinogenicity. Total production since its first use is estimated at around 500,000 tons. In the environment, most of the components of toxaphene get metabolised, but from 10 to >100 resist biodegradation, depending on the medium and the specialisation of the enzyme system. Breathing, drinking or eating high levels of toxaphene can damage the lungs, kidneys, and nervous system.
Stars This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team.
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Roles Classification
Chemical Role(s): persistent organic pollutant
Any environmental contaminant that is resistant to environmental degradation through photolytic, biological or chemical processes. Such substances can have significant impact on health and the environment, as they persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in animal tissue and so biomagnify in food chains.
Biological Role(s): carcinogenic agent
A role played by a chemical compound which is known to induce a process of carcinogenesis by corrupting normal cellular pathways, leading to the acquistion of tumoral capabilities.
Application(s): insecticide
Strictly, a substance intended to kill members of the class Insecta. In common usage, any substance used for preventing, destroying, repelling or controlling insects.
acaricide
A substance used to destroy pests of the subclass Acari (mites and ticks).
agrochemical
An agrochemical is a substance that is used in agriculture or horticulture.
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ChEBI Ontology
Outgoing toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role acaricide (CHEBI:22153)
toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role agrochemical (CHEBI:33286)
toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role carcinogenic agent (CHEBI:50903)
toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role insecticide (CHEBI:24852)
toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) has role persistent organic pollutant (CHEBI:77853)
toxaphene (CHEBI:77850) is a mixture (CHEBI:60004)
Synonyms Sources
camphechlor ChemIDplus
Camphechlor KEGG COMPOUND
camphechlore ChemIDplus
chlorinated camphene ChemIDplus
chlorocamphene ChemIDplus
polychlorocamphene ChemIDplus
Toxaphen ChemIDplus
Manual Xrefs Databases
C15470 KEGG COMPOUND
Toxaphene Wikipedia
US2565471 Patent
View more database links
Registry Numbers Types Sources
8001-35-2 CAS Registry Number KEGG COMPOUND
8001-35-2 CAS Registry Number ChemIDplus
8188730 Reaxys Registry Number Reaxys
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Last Modified
05 April 2018