Comment[ArrayExpressAccession]	E-GEOD-48116
MAGE-TAB Version	1.1						
Public Release Date	2014-04-25
Investigation Title	Neuropeptides:developmental signals in placode progenitor formation						
Comment[Submitted Name]	Neuropeptides:developmental signals in placode progenitor formation
Experiment Description	Few families of signaling factors have been implicated in the control of development. Here we identify the neuropeptides nociceptin and somatostatin, a neurotransmitter and neuroendocrine hormone, as a class of developmental signals in chick and zebrafish. We show that signals from the anterior mesendoderm are required for the formation of anterior placode progenitors with one of the signals being somatostatin. Somatostatin controls ectodermal expression of nociceptin and both peptides regulate Pax6 in lens and olfactory progenitors. Consequently, loss of somatostatin and nociceptin signaling leads to severe reduction of lens formation. Our findings not only uncover these neuropeptides as developmental signals, but also identify a long-sought-after mechanism that initiates Pax6 in placode progenitors and may explain the ancient evolutionary origin of neuropeptides, pre-dating a complex nervous system. We used progenitors for anterior and posterior sensory placodes dissected from chick embryos HH5-7; these were either processed immediately or cultured for 5 hrs to hybridise to Affymetrix chick array. We aimed to identify genes that are co regualted with Pax6, a key regulator of lens and olfactory progenitor cells. Pax6 is normally present in anterior, but not posterior placode precursors, but upregulated in both after 5 hrs culture.						
Term Source Name	ArrayExpress	EFO
Term Source File	http://www.ebi.ac.uk/arrayexpress/	http://www.ebi.ac.uk/efo/efo.owl					
Person Last Name	Chambers	Streit	Lleras-Forero	Tambalo	Christophorou	Chambers	Houart
Person First Name	David	Andrea	Laura	Monica	Nicolas	David	Corinne
Person Email	strq1531@kcl.ac.uk						
Person Affiliation	King's College Londonn						
Person Address	MRC CDN, King's College Londonn, Guy's Campus, London, London, United Kingdom						
Person Roles	submitter						
Protocol Name	P-GSE48116-1	P-GSE48116-5	P-GSE48116-6	P-GSE48116-2	P-GSE48116-3	P-GSE48116-4	P-GSE48116-7
Protocol Description	Probe set values were generated with Microarray Suite version 5.0 (MAS 5.0) using Affymetrix default analysis settings and a user defined scale factor of 1.0 ID_REF =  VALUE = MAS 5.0 Signal ABS_CALL = 	Nugen Ovation V2 and Biotin Module	Following fragmentation, 6 ug of cDNA were hybridized for 18 Hours at 45oC on GeneChip Gallus gallus Genome Array. GeneChips were washed and stained in the Affymetrix Fluidics Station 450. as per Nugen Inc Instructions for Nugen Ovation V2	Embryos were incubated until they had reached HH5-7 and harvested in Tyrode's saline. PPR tissue was dissected manually using fine insect pins and stored on ice until setting up in collagen cultures. Explants were embedded in rat tail collagen and cultured for 5 hours before being processed.	Embryos were incubated until they had reached HH5-7 and harvested in Tyrode's saline. PPR tissue was dissected manually using fine insect pins and stored on ice until processing.	Absolutely RNA Stratagene	Affymetrix Scanner 3000 7G
Protocol Type	normalization data transformation protocol	labelling protocol	hybridization protocol	sample treatment protocol	growth protocol	nucleic acid extraction protocol	array scanning protocol
Experimental Factor Name	ORGANISM PART						
Experimental Factor Type	organism part						
Publication Title	Neuropeptides: developmental signals in placode progenitor formation.						
Publication Author List	Lleras-Forero L, Tambalo M, Christophorou N, Chambers D, Houart C, Streit A						
PubMed ID	23906067						
Publication DOI	10.1016/j.devcel.2013.07.001						
Comment[SecondaryAccession]	GSE48116						
Comment[GEOReleaseDate]	2014-04-25						
Comment[ArrayExpressSubmissionDate]	2013-06-19						
Comment[GEOLastUpdateDate]	2014-04-25						
Comment[AEExperimentType]	transcription profiling by array						
Comment[AdditionalFile:Data1]	GSE48116_annotated_matrix.txt						
SDRF File	E-GEOD-48116.sdrf.txt