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GO:0006412 translation

The cellular metabolic process by which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.

Term Information

ID	GO:0006412
Name	translation
Ontology	Biological Process
Definition	The cellular metabolic process by which a protein is formed, using the sequence of a mature mRNA molecule to specify the sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain. Translation is mediated by the ribosome, and begins with the formation of a ternary complex between aminoacylated initiator methionine tRNA, GTP, and initiation factor 2, which subsequently associates with the small subunit of the ribosome and an mRNA. Translation ends with the release of a polypeptide chain from the ribosome.
Comment

GO Slims

This term is present in the following GO Consortium-maintained GO slims:

	GO slim name	Count of all terms
	goslim_candida	91
	goslim_generic	127
	goslim_pir	469
	goslim_plant	102
	goslim_pombe	48
	goslim_yeast	93

Synonyms

Type	Synonym
exact	protein synthesis
exact	protein anabolism
exact	protein formation
exact	protein biosynthesis
exact	protein translation

Cross-references associated with this term:

Database	ID
INTERPRO	IPR002305
INTERPRO	IPR002306
INTERPRO	IPR002307
INTERPRO	IPR000924
INTERPRO	IPR003256
INTERPRO	IPR018150
INTERPRO	IPR018153
INTERPRO	IPR018162
INTERPRO	IPR012796
INTERPRO	IPR015944
INTERPRO	IPR009080
INTERPRO	IPR015807
INTERPRO	IPR019499
INTERPRO	IPR019754
INTERPRO	IPR000077
INTERPRO	IPR000110
INTERPRO	IPR000114
INTERPRO	IPR000037
INTERPRO	IPR000039
INTERPRO	IPR000054
INTERPRO	IPR001063
INTERPRO	IPR001021
INTERPRO	IPR002127
INTERPRO	IPR002132
INTERPRO	IPR001141
INTERPRO	IPR001147
INTERPRO	IPR007639
INTERPRO	IPR015011
INTERPRO	IPR004154
INTERPRO	IPR004115
INTERPRO	IPR005679
INTERPRO	IPR005680
INTERPRO	IPR005703
INTERPRO	IPR005704
INTERPRO	IPR005706
INTERPRO	IPR005707
INTERPRO	IPR005709
INTERPRO	IPR005710
INTERPRO	IPR005711
INTERPRO	IPR005712
INTERPRO	IPR005713
INTERPRO	IPR000206
INTERPRO	IPR004529
INTERPRO	IPR004530
Wikipedia	Translation_(genetics)
INTERPRO	IPR010729
INTERPRO	IPR001209
INTERPRO	IPR001210
INTERPRO	IPR007980
INTERPRO	IPR018156
INTERPRO	IPR001266
INTERPRO	IPR001196
INTERPRO	IPR001197
INTERPRO	IPR002904
INTERPRO	IPR004526
INTERPRO	IPR004527
INTERPRO	IPR015624
INTERPRO	IPR018160
INTERPRO	IPR018164
INTERPRO	IPR018171
INTERPRO	IPR011035
INTERPRO	IPR002300
INTERPRO	IPR002301
INTERPRO	IPR002302
INTERPRO	IPR002303
INTERPRO	IPR009008
INTERPRO	IPR002304
INTERPRO	IPR002358
INTERPRO	IPR004389
INTERPRO	IPR018254
INTERPRO	IPR018255
INTERPRO	IPR018256
INTERPRO	IPR018257
INTERPRO	IPR018258
INTERPRO	IPR018259
INTERPRO	IPR018260
INTERPRO	IPR012606
INTERPRO	IPR012607
INTERPRO	IPR000181
INTERPRO	IPR000196
INTERPRO	IPR005749
INTERPRO	IPR005755
INTERPRO	IPR005756
INTERPRO	IPR005716
INTERPRO	IPR005717
INTERPRO	IPR005721
INTERPRO	IPR005727
INTERPRO	IPR005729
INTERPRO	IPR005731
INTERPRO	IPR005732
INTERPRO	IPR005745
INTERPRO	IPR000244
INTERPRO	IPR002833
INTERPRO	IPR000218
INTERPRO	IPR015905
INTERPRO	IPR018027
INTERPRO	IPR018353
INTERPRO	IPR002222
INTERPRO	IPR002150
INTERPRO	IPR002171
INTERPRO	IPR000266
INTERPRO	IPR000271
INTERPRO	IPR000289
INTERPRO	IPR000307
INTERPRO	IPR002136
INTERPRO	IPR000231
INTERPRO	IPR000235
INTERPRO	IPR001377
INTERPRO	IPR001380
INTERPRO	IPR001383
INTERPRO	IPR001328
INTERPRO	IPR001351
INTERPRO	IPR008224
INTERPRO	IPR015804
INTERPRO	IPR015273
INTERPRO	IPR001278
INTERPRO	IPR001412
INTERPRO	IPR008925
INTERPRO	IPR013823
INTERPRO	IPR005484
INTERPRO	IPR005485
INTERPRO	IPR004500
INTERPRO	IPR018261
INTERPRO	IPR018262
INTERPRO	IPR018263
INTERPRO	IPR018264
INTERPRO	IPR004531
INTERPRO	IPR004532
INTERPRO	IPR000592
INTERPRO	IPR000597
INTERPRO	IPR018269
INTERPRO	IPR018271
INTERPRO	IPR018273
INTERPRO	IPR018275
INTERPRO	IPR018277
INTERPRO	IPR018278
INTERPRO	IPR018279
INTERPRO	IPR018280
INTERPRO	IPR018281
INTERPRO	IPR018282
INTERPRO	IPR018283
INTERPRO	IPR000702
INTERPRO	IPR018265
INTERPRO	IPR018266
INTERPRO	IPR018267
INTERPRO	IPR018268
INTERPRO	IPR000630
INTERPRO	IPR019979
INTERPRO	IPR019980
INTERPRO	IPR019981
INTERPRO	IPR020052
INTERPRO	IPR020055
INTERPRO	IPR020058
INTERPRO	IPR020059
INTERPRO	IPR020060
INTERPRO	IPR012947
INTERPRO	IPR018038
INTERPRO	IPR005822
INTERPRO	IPR005823
INTERPRO	IPR005825
INTERPRO	IPR005794
INTERPRO	IPR005812
INTERPRO	IPR005813
INTERPRO	IPR004405
INTERPRO	IPR004514
INTERPRO	IPR000439
INTERPRO	IPR000456
INTERPRO	IPR001569
INTERPRO	IPR001515
INTERPRO	IPR004493
INTERPRO	IPR004495
INTERPRO	IPR004412
INTERPRO	IPR004413
INTERPRO	IPR002583
INTERPRO	IPR011488
INTERPRO	IPR002675
INTERPRO	IPR002677
INTERPRO	IPR013155
INTERPRO	IPR018149
INTERPRO	IPR019970
INTERPRO	IPR016000
INTERPRO	IPR003789
INTERPRO	IPR016061
INTERPRO	IPR016082
INTERPRO	IPR015945
INTERPRO	IPR004414
INTERPRO	IPR018165
INTERPRO	IPR018130
INTERPRO	IPR018158
INTERPRO	IPR005568
INTERPRO	IPR006846
INTERPRO	IPR006924
INTERPRO	IPR007740
INTERPRO	IPR008932
INTERPRO	IPR010793
INTERPRO	IPR018157
INTERPRO	IPR019984
INTERPRO	IPR019985
INTERPRO	IPR002359
INTERPRO	IPR002363
INTERPRO	IPR011331
INTERPRO	IPR013522
INTERPRO	IPR020083
INTERPRO	IPR020040
INTERPRO	IPR019907
INTERPRO	IPR019906
INTERPRO	IPR020061
INTERPRO	IPR014401
INTERPRO	IPR004503
INTERPRO	IPR004188
INTERPRO	IPR005148
INTERPRO	IPR001780
INTERPRO	IPR008195
INTERPRO	IPR001848
INTERPRO	IPR001787
INTERPRO	IPR000589
INTERPRO	IPR000529
INTERPRO	IPR000530
INTERPRO	IPR000552
INTERPRO	IPR000554
INTERPRO	IPR004364
INTERPRO	IPR006195
INTERPRO	IPR000509
INTERPRO	IPR000517
INTERPRO	IPR000473
INTERPRO	IPR006519
INTERPRO	IPR015413
INTERPRO	IPR005872
INTERPRO	IPR005874
INTERPRO	IPR005878
INTERPRO	IPR005879
INTERPRO	IPR004499
INTERPRO	IPR012678
INTERPRO	IPR019928
INTERPRO	IPR019958
INTERPRO	IPR019961
INTERPRO	IPR019977
INTERPRO	IPR019978
INTERPRO	IPR014758
INTERPRO	IPR015324
INTERPRO	IPR015264
INTERPRO	IPR001705
INTERPRO	IPR001706
INTERPRO	IPR001648
INTERPRO	IPR001684
INTERPRO	IPR005996
INTERPRO	IPR005997
INTERPRO	IPR007836
INTERPRO	IPR002784
INTERPRO	IPR000851
INTERPRO	IPR002768
INTERPRO	IPR000754
INTERPRO	IPR019927
INTERPRO	IPR002308
INTERPRO	IPR002310
INTERPRO	IPR002311
INTERPRO	IPR002312
INTERPRO	IPR002313
INTERPRO	IPR002314
INTERPRO	IPR002315
INTERPRO	IPR002316
INTERPRO	IPR002317
INTERPRO	IPR002319
INTERPRO	IPR002320
INTERPRO	IPR004522
INTERPRO	IPR004523
INTERPRO	IPR004524
INTERPRO	IPR004525
INTERPRO	IPR006194
INTERPRO	IPR015866
INTERPRO	IPR004516
INTERPRO	IPR011321
INTERPRO	IPR015803
INTERPRO	IPR005998
INTERPRO	IPR006032
INTERPRO	IPR001857
INTERPRO	IPR001859
INTERPRO	IPR001865
INTERPRO	IPR002906
INTERPRO	IPR001854
INTERPRO	IPR005880
INTERPRO	IPR007638
INTERPRO	IPR015999
INTERPRO	IPR015998
INTERPRO	IPR002661
INTERPRO	IPR002670
INTERPRO	IPR002671
INTERPRO	IPR002672
INTERPRO	IPR002673
INTERPRO	IPR002674
INTERPRO	IPR001593
INTERPRO	IPR001892
INTERPRO	IPR017138
INTERPRO	IPR005147
INTERPRO	IPR000876
INTERPRO	IPR001971
INTERPRO	IPR001975
INTERPRO	IPR001976
INTERPRO	IPR001911
INTERPRO	IPR001931
INTERPRO	IPR016180
INTERPRO	IPR000948
INTERPRO	IPR000988
INTERPRO	IPR000892
INTERPRO	IPR000911
INTERPRO	IPR000915
INTERPRO	IPR015974
INTERPRO	IPR016094
INTERPRO	IPR016095
INTERPRO	IPR005146
INTERPRO	IPR017958
INTERPRO	IPR017959
INTERPRO	IPR015972
INTERPRO	IPR015973
INTERPRO	IPR017449
INTERPRO	IPR011332
INTERPRO	IPR005290
INTERPRO	IPR005324
INTERPRO	IPR015262
INTERPRO	IPR012094
INTERPRO	IPR012795
INTERPRO	IPR006075
INTERPRO	IPR006107
INTERPRO	IPR008282
INTERPRO	IPR013810
INTERPRO	IPR013025

This term can be used instead of these obsolete terms:

GO:0016147 protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, elongation	(replaced_by GO:0006412)
GO:0016148 protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, termination	(replaced_by GO:0006412)
GO:0016146 protein-synthesizing GTPase activity, initiation	(replaced_by GO:0006412)
GO:0008547 protein-synthesizing GTPase activity	(replaced_by GO:0006412)

Web service: term information

Use this URI template to access this data as a service:

GTerm?id=termID&format=format

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Ancestor Chart

Visual display of a section of the GO directed acyclic graph (DAG) for a single GO term. Terms in the GO are linked to parent (more general) terms and often to child (more specific) terms by one or more 'relationships'

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Chart

Ancestor Table

Alternative display of a section of the GO, providing a concise view of the relationships connecting GO terms

All GO terms displayed in this chart can be right-clicked to display term definitions and child (descendent) terms.

GO:0008150 biological_process

GO:0009987 cellular process

GO:0008152 metabolic process

GO:0043170 macromolecule metabolic process

GO:0044238 primary metabolic process

GO:0009058 biosynthetic process

GO:0043283 biopolymer metabolic process

GO:0010467 gene expression

GO:0044237 cellular metabolic process

GO:0009059 macromolecule biosynthetic process

GO:0019538 protein metabolic process

GO:0044249 cellular biosynthetic process

GO:0044260 cellular macromolecule metabolic process

GO:0043284 biopolymer biosynthetic process

GO:0034960 cellular biopolymer metabolic process

GO:0034645 cellular macromolecule biosynthetic process

GO:0044267 cellular protein metabolic process

GO:0034961 cellular biopolymer biosynthetic process

GO:0006412 translation

Relationship key

Code	Relationship
	part of
	is a
	regulates
	+ve regulates
	-ve regulates

Child Terms

All direct descendants (child terms) available for this GO term:

R	GO:0006417 regulation of translation
NR	GO:0017148 negative regulation of translation
PR	GO:0045727 positive regulation of translation
I	GO:0032543 mitochondrial translation
I	GO:0032544 plastid translation
P	GO:0006413 translational initiation
P	GO:0006414 translational elongation
P	GO:0006415 translational termination
P	GO:0006418 tRNA aminoacylation for protein translation

Relationship key

Code	Relationship
P	part of
I	is a

Protein Annotation

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Web service: annotation

Use this URI template to access this data as a service:

GAnnotation?format=tsv&limit=max-number-of-rows{&gz}{&q=advanced query}{&field=value{,value}}

Full details can be found on the QuickGO Web Services page.

Co-occurring Terms

Co-occurrence statistics

This display shows those GO terms which have been annotated to the same proteins as this term.

Terms may have been co-annotated either by electronic (IEA) or manual annotation methods. Users can decide which evidence code type should be used in the calculation of the co-occurence statistics.

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