All Genomes

Please note that 'Karyn's Genomes' pages are no longer being maintained. The pages will be retired from 2can during the first half of 2012. Ensembl Genomes has no relationship with this project

The following is a list of all Karyns genomes:

Archaea
Bacteria
Eukaryotes
Viruses

Archaea

There are two major classes of prokayotes: bacteria and archaea. Their DNA is usually circular DNA and NOT contained in a nucleus. Archaeans are single-celled organisms, resembling bacteria. They have some genes that are similar to those of bacteria and others that have a more similar to those found in eukaryotes. They also have some genes that are unlike any of those found in other organisms.

Learn more about archaea.

Archaea	Description
Aeropyrum pernix	was the first aerobic member of the Archaea to be sequenced
Archaeoglobus fulgidus	metabolises sulfur
Haloarcula marismortui	is a Halophilic microorganism that thrives in extreme saline environments such as the Dead Sea.
Halobacterium salinarum	are responsible for the bright pink or red appearance of the Dead Sea and other bodies of salt water
Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum	produces methane from CO2
Methanocaldococcus jannaschii	cannot tolerate oxygen and is one of the methane-producing microbes
Methanococcus maripaludis	converts organic waste material into methane and carbon dioxide
Methanopyrus kandleri	produces methane and grows optimally at temperatures near and above the boiling point of water
Methanosarcina acetivorans	is one of the most versatile methane-producing microbes
Methanosarcina barkeri	causes methane gas production in cattle and contains a "new" amino acid
Methanosarcina mazei	is one of the only organisms that ferment acetate, methylamines and methanol to methane, carbon dioxide and ammonia
Methanosphaera stadtmanae	generates methane only by reduction of methanol with H2
Nanoarchaeum equitans	has one of the smallest genomes of any sequenced microbe
Natronomonas pharaonis	is an extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon that is studied for Nitrogen metabolism
Picrophilus torridus	is one of the most thermoacidophilic organisms known
Pyrobaculum aerophilum	is useful for investigating the molecular basis of heat resistance
Pyrococcus abyssi	is a hyperthermophile
Pyrococcus furiosus	is also highly resistant to radiation and may possess an efficient system for repairing DNA
Pyrococcus horikoshii	is a hyperthermophile that grows optimally at 98C
Sulfolobus acidocaldarius	is a model for research on mechanisms of DNA replication
Sulfolobus solfataricus	is a model species for investigating DNA replication, the cell cycle, and RNA processing
Sulfolobus tokodaii	able to convert hydrogen sulfide to sulfate and may have industrial applications, such as wastewater treatment
Thermococcus kodakaraensis	is an hyperthermophilic archaeon with an optimum growth temperature of between 65 and 100 degrees celsius
Thermoplasma acidophilum	lives in a particularly harsh environment — hot and acidic — without the protection of a rigid cell wall
Thermoplasma volcanium	is able to live in the presence of oxygen as well as in environments lacking oxygen

Bacteria

There are two major classes of prokayotes: bacteria and archaea. Their DNA is usually circular DNA and NOT contained in a nucleus. Bacteria are single-celled and very versatlie. They can been found living at temperatures above boiling point and below freezing. Bacteria "eat" almost anything, from sugar and starch to sunlight, sulfur and iron...

Learn more about bacteria

Bacteria	Description
Acinetobacter	can cause hospital acquired infections
Agrobacterium tumefaciens	is the causative agent of Crown Gall disease (hairy root disease)
Aquifex aeolicus	is one of the most thermophilic (heat loving) bacteria known
Anabaena variabilis	fixes nitrogen and CO2 and produces hydrogen using solar energy
Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans	efficiently reduces metals such as ferric iron, Fe(III), and oxidized uranium, U(VI)
Anaplasma marginale	is the most prevalent worldwide tick-borne cattle pathogen
Aster yellows witches'-broom phytoplasma	causes plant malformation
Azoarcus	is capable of anaerobic mineralization of ethylbenzene to carbon dioxide
Bacillus anthracis	is a pathogenic bacteria that causes anthrax
Bacillus cereus	causes food poisoning
Bacillus clausii	grows under higly alkaline conditions
Bacillus halodurans	produces many industrially useful alkaliphilic enzymes
Bacillus licheniformis	causes food poisoning but also produces proteases for use in detergent
Bacillus subtilis	metabolises a wide variety of carbon sources and secretes large quantities of industrially important enzymes
Bacillus thuringiensis	is a pathogenic bacteria used for insect control
Bacteroides fragilis	is a human pathogen with the potential to severely limit the success of gastro-intestinal surgery
Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron	is a resident of the human gut that provides the body with nutrients by breaking down indigestible food remains
Bartonella henselae	is the etiological agent of the agent of cat scratch disease
Bartonella quintana	causes trench fever and angiomatosis in immunocompromised persons
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus	burrows into another microbe, killing it and using the remains to make offspring
Bifidobacterium longum	keeps the human digestive system running smoothly
Bordetella avium	causes an upper respiratory tract disease (bordetellosis) in avian species
Bordetella bronchiseptica	can cause whooping cough and other respiratory diseases
Bordetella parapertussis	causes respiratory disease in humans and sheep
Bordetella pertussis	causes whooping cough
Borrelia burgdorferi	is a spirochete which is the causative agent of Lyme disease
Borrelia garinii	causes Seronegative Lyme arthritis
Bradyrhizobium japonicum	is responsible for reducing the need for fertilisers in soya bean crops
Brucella abortus	causes Brucellosis (spontaneous abortion in cattle and undulant fever in humans)
Brucella melitensis	is the causative agent of Malta fever and a potential agent for biological warfare
Brucella suis	primarily infects pigs, most commonly causing abortions and stillbirths
Buchnera aphidicola	and aphids entered into a symbiotic relationship some 200 million years ago and have coevolved since
Burkholderia mallei	causes glanders and was used as a biological weapon in the American Civil War and both World Wars
Burkholderia pseudomallei	causes the infectious disease melioidosis
Burkholderia thailandensis	is used for comparative research
Campylobacter jejuni	a food-borne pathogen, that is the leading cause of food poisoning
Candidatus blochmannia floridanus	is the the primary endosymbiont of carpenter ants
Candidatus blochmannia pennsylvanicus	is an endosymbiont of Camponotus pennsylvanicus, (Carpenter Ant)
Candidatus Pelagibacter ubique	is an oceanic carbon recycling bacteria that has one of the smallest and simplest genomes sequenced to date
Candidatus Protochlamydia amoebophila	is an oceanic carbon recycling bacteria that has one of the smallest and simplest genomes sequenced to date
Carboxydothermus hydrogenoformans	is a potential biofuel and for studies into Anthrax sporulation
Caulobacter crescentus	is a model organism which is used in comparative analysis into the pathogenicity of other organisms
Chlamydophila caviae	causes eye infections in guinea pigs and is used to study the human pathogen that causes venereal disease, Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia muridarum	is the name allotted to two stocks of bacteria, one from a mouse and the other a hamster
Chlamydia trachomatis	causes the venereal disease chlamydia
Chlamydophila abortus	causes enzootic abortion and other chlamydial infections primarily in sheep
Chlamydophila pneumoniae	causes pneumonia and bronchitis in humans
Chlorobium chlorochromatii	can survive in the darkest places on earth
Chlorobium tepidum	has the capacity for generating energy from light
Chromobacterium violaceum	is a pathogenic bacteria that can also produce natural antibiotics, a resource for plastic and possibly gold extraction
Clostridium acetobutylicum	has the ability to convert starch into the organic solvents acetone and butanol
Clostridium perfringens	known as the "flesh eating" bacteria, is the most common cause of gas gangrene
Clostridium tetani	causes tetanus disease
Colwellia psychrerythraea	is a model organism for studying motility at low temperatures
Corynebacterium diphtheriae	causes diptheria
Corynebacterium efficiens	are used commercially to produce amino acids and other materials (MSG)
Corynebacterium glutamicum	is a natural producer of glutamic acid
Corynebacterium jeikeium	causes septicaemia and is highly antibiotic resistant
Coxiella burnetii	causes Q fever and is a potential bioweapon
Dechloromonas aromatica	oxidizes benzene in the absence of oxygen
Dehalococcoides ethenogenes	is the only bacterium known to reductively dechlorinate the groundwater pollutants, tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene
Dehalococcoides sp	are used for dechlorination of toxic compounds
Deinococcus radiodurans	is the most radiation-resistant organism known
Desulfotalea psychrophila	is a a sulphate-reducing bacterium isolated from permanently cold Arctic sediments
Desulfovibrio vulgaris	breaks down metals and can corrode machinery, it also breaks down pollutants and could potentially clean up environmental toxins
Ehrlichia canis	causes Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis (CME)
Ehrlichia chaffeensis	causes Ehrlichiosis
Ehrlichia ruminantium	is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen that infects cattle, causing heartwater or cowdriosis
Enterococcus faecalis	is an opportunistic bacterium that has become one of the most troublesome hospital pathogens. It has intrinsic resistance to many antibiotics and a remarkable capacity for developing resistance to others
Erwinia carotovora	is the causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato diseases
Erythrobacter litoralis	recycles carbon at deep sea level
Escherichia coli	one of the foremost causes of food poisoning, is probably one of the most studied organisms
Francisella tularensis	causes Tularemia (rabbit fever)
Frankia sp	is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium that lives in the soil and has a symbiotic relationship with many plants
Fusobacterium nucleatum	is found in the dental plaque of humans and is frequently associated with gum disease
Geobacillus kaustophilus	has an optimum growth temperature of 74°C
Geobacter sulfurreducens	breaks down metals and is being used to clean up uranium at toxic waste sites
Gloeobacter violaceus	carry out photosynthesis
Gluconobacter oxydans	has the ability to oxidize ethanol to acetic acid
Haemophilus ducreyi	causes the sexually transmitted disease chancroid
Haemophilus influenzae	was the first free-living organism to be sequenced
Helicobacter hepaticus	causes chronic hepatitis and liver failure in mice
Helicobacter pylori	is a leading cause of stomach ulcers and a risk factor for stomach cancer
Idiomarina Loihiensis	in the extreme environment of a deep-sea hydrothermal ecosystem
Lactobacillus acidophilus	produces lactic acid and is known as "the friendly bacteria"
Lactobacillus johnsonii	lives in our intestines and may protect against harmful microbes
Lactobacillus plantarum	is important to the dairy industry for lactic acid production
Lactococcus lactis	is important to the dairy industry for cheese, yoghurt and buttermilk production
Legionella pneumophila	causes Legionnaires’ disease
Leptospira interrogans	causes the disease Leptospirosis
Leifsonia xyli	causes ratoon stunting disease in sugarcane
Listeria innocua	is a nonpathogenic species of Listeria
Listeria monocytogenes	is the etiological agent of listeriosis
Mannheimia succiniciproducens	lives inside the stomachs of cows and helps them digest grasses
Mesoplasma florum	is one of the smallest self-replicating organisms known
Mesorhizobium loti	perform nitrogen-fixing symbioses with leguminous plants
Methylococcus capsulatus	is a methane-oxidising bacterium that has great potential in bioremediation
Mycobacterium avium	is the etiologic agent of Paratuberculosis, (Johne's disease)
Mycobacterium bovis	causes tuberculosis in animals and humans
Mycobacterium leprae	is the bacterium that causes leprosy
Mycobacterium tuberculosis	is the major cause of tuberculosis
Mycoplasma capricolum	causes caprine pneumonia
Mycoplasma gallisepticum	causes chronic respiratory disease in chickens and other fowl
Mycoplasma genitalium	was the first and smallest sequenced genome, it causes reproductive-tract infections
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae	is the agent of swine mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma mobile	are the smallest free-living organisms and represent a model system for studying minimal genomes
Mycoplasma mycoides	is the etiological agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)
Mycoplasma penetrans	is a human pathogen which infects the urogenital and respiratory tracts
Mycoplasma pneumoniae	causes tracheobronchitis and primary atypical pneumonia
Mycoplasma pulmonis	causes respiratory and genital infections in mice and rats
Mycoplasma synoviae	causes upper respiratory tract infections in chickens and turkeys
Neisseria gonorrhoeae	causes Gonorrhea
Neisseria meningitidis	causes bacterial meningitis
Neorickettsia sennetsu	causes Sennetsu Fever (Sennetsu ehrlichiosis)
Nitrosomonas europaea	generates its own energy by oxidising ammonia
Nocardia farcinica	causes Norcadiosis
Nostoc	can increase the nitrogen content of soil and provide a source of natural fertiliser
Oceanobacillus iheyensis	is an extremophile which tolerates extremely salty and alkaline environments
Onion yellows phytoplasma	causes a yellowing disease in onions
Parachlamydia	endosymbiont comparisons will allow new insights into the evolution of chlamydiae and their adaptation to different eukaryotic hosts
Pasteurella multocida	is a pathogenic bacteria causing many serious diseases in humans and animals
Photobacterium profundum	is an excellent model for studying adaptation to cold temperatures and high pressures
Photorhabdus luminescens	produces toxins that could potentially be used as insecticides
Pirellula	produce energy from oxidising amonia
Porphyromonas gingivalis	is one of the leading causes of periodontal disease
Prochlorococcus marinus	is among the most abundant organisms in the ocean and derives energy from sunlight
Propionibacterium acnes	causes the skin disorder "acne"
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	is a leading cause of opportunistic infection among persons with compromised immune systems
Pseudomonas fluorescens	is being researched as a biological control organism
Pseudomonas putida	has the potential to help clean up organic pollutants
Pseudomonas syringae	causes disease in a wide range of plants and crops, including bacterial speck on tomatoes
Psychrobacter arcticum	is capable of thriving at temperatures as low as 0°C
Ralstonia eutropha	metablosis heavy metals and is a model organism for studies into polymer production
Ralstonia solanacearum	causes southern wilt, a common and devastating plant disease
Rhodopseudomonas palustris	removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and produces hydrogen gas
Rickettsia conorii	causes Mediterranean spotted fever in humans
Rickettsia felis	causes a flea-borne form of typhus
Rickettsia prowazekii	causes typhus
Rickettsia typhi	is the causative agent of murine typhus
Salmonella enterica	causes typhoid fever
Salmonella paratyphi	is a cause of Enteric fever
Salmonella typhimurium	is a leading cause of human gastroenteritis and is used as a mouse model of human typhoid fever
Shewanella oneidensis	breaks down heavy metals
Shigella flexneri	is aleading cause of infant mortality in developing countries
Silicibacter pomeroyi	provides an insight into the earth's carbon and sulfur cycling system
Sinorhizobium meliloti	is a common soil bacterium that lives symbiotically on the roots of plants
Staphylococcus aureus	is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections
Staphylococcus epidermidis	can cause infections in wounds
Streptococcus pyogenes	is known as the flesh eating bacteria
Streptococcus agalactiae	is the pathogen most responsible for newborn infections
Streptococcus mutans	a dental pathogen, is the leading cause of tooth decay worldwide
Streptococcus pneumoniae	causes pneumonia, blood infections, and meningitis
Streptococcus thermophilus	is one of the most commercially important of all lactic acid bacteria
Streptomyces avermitilis	is one of the main producers of antibiotics
Streptomyces coelicolor	is used to produce most of the natural antibiotics in use today
Symbiobacterium thermophilum	thrives at high temperatures
Synechococcus	are the most abundant organisms on the planet
Synechocystis	are nitrogen fixing bacteria
Synechococcus elongatus	a model for photosynthetic and circadian rhythm studies
Syntrophus aciditrophicus	is a bioremediation tool for degrading benzoate
Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis	metabolises sugars as the principal source of energy
Thermobifida fusca	is able to biodegrade plant cell walls
Thermosynechococcus elongatus	is one of the model organisms used for investigating photosynthesis
Thermotoga maritima	metabolise many simple and complex carbohydrates and has potential as a renewable energy source
Thermus thermophilus	is a model organism for genetic manipulation
Thiobacillus denitrificans	oxidises inorganic sulfur compounds to denitrification
Treponema denticola	causes periodontal disease
Treponema pallidum	causes Syphilis
Tropheryma whipplei	causes Whipples disease and has one of the smallest bacterial genomes
Ureaplasma urealyticum	causes human urogenital tract infections
Vibrio cholerae	causes Cholera
Vibrio fischeri	causes luminescence in certain marine species
Vibrio parahaemolyticus	causes food-borne gastroenteritis
Vibrio vulnificus	causes potentially fatal food poisoning
Wigglesworthia glossinidia	lives in the gut of the tsetse fly, which transmits the parasite that causes African sleeping sickness
Wolbachia1	is unable to live outside another organism, and ensures its survival by manipulating the reproduction of its hosts, even to the point of determining their sex
Wolbachia2	can cause feminization of genetic males in the host species
Wolinella succinogenes	lives in the rumens of cows and is genetically related to two microbes that cause stomach disorders in humans, H. pylori and C. jejuni
Xanthomonas axonopodis	is a plant pathogen that causes citrus canker in citrus fruits
Xanthomonas campestris	is a plant pathogen that causes black rot in certain plants and weeds
Xanthomonas oryzae	causes bacterial leaf blight in rice
Xylella fastidiosa	causes economically important plant diseases including citrus variegated chlorosis disease
Yersinia pestis	causes bubonic plague
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis	is a human pathogen, commonly causing pseudoappendicitis
Zymomonas mobilis	is an ethanologenic microorganism of interest for the production of fuel ethanol

Eukaryotes

These are organisms whose cells have cytoskeletons for support and their DNA is contained in a nucleus, separated from the other contents of the cell. Examples include plants, animals, and fungi...

Learn more about eurkaryotes

Eukaryotes	Description
Anopheles gambiae	is the mosquito responsible for most cases of malaria in Africa
Arabidopsis thaliana	was the first plant to be sequenced and is considered the model species for investigating plant genetics and biology
Caenorhabditis elegans	is a transparent worm commonly used to investigate basic questions in biology, such as how cells develop
Candida glabrata	cause candidiasis
Canis familiaris	(dog) domesticated from wolves now provides insight into genetic variation
Cryptococcus neoformans	causes meningoencephalitis
Cryptosporidium parvum	causes cryptosporidiosis - the diarrheal disease "crypto"
Cyanidioschyon merolae	is a red alga that lives in acidic hot springs and carries out photosynthesis
Danio rerio	(zebrafish) is a species of small freshwater aquarium fish which is used as a model organism for the study of vertebrate developmental biology
Debaryomyces hansenii	tolerates high concentrations of salt and is related to yeasts that cause disease, including Candida albicans
Dictyostelium discoideum	is a model organism for the study of cellular development
Drosophila melanogaster	is a useful model system for studying genes associated with disease in humans
Drosophila pseudoobscura	is an important model of speciation in comparative genomics
Encephalitozoon cuniculi	is a parasite that causes diarrhea and respiratory symptoms such as bronchitis, pneumonia, or sinusitis
Eremothecium gossypii [Ashbya gossypii]	is a pathogen that attacks cotton and some citrus fruits but also produces vitamin B-2
Gallus gallus	has long been used by biologists to study how embryos develop
Guillardia theta	is a model organism for tracing the ancestry of plastid-bearing eukaryotes and has the most dense nucleomorph sequenced to date
Homo sapiens	the species to which all living human beings on this planet belong
Kluyveromyces lactis	is a yeast commonly used in genetics research and could potentially be used to produce pharmaceuticals or other compounds
Leishmania major	causes Leishmaniasis
Mus musculus	has a version of nearly every human gene making it a valuable tool for investigating human diseases
Oryza sativa	rice, the most important crop for human consumption, providing staple food for more than half of the world population
Paramecium tetraurelia	has two nuclei and is a model unicellular organism
Pan troglodytes	(chimpanzee) is the most closely related species to humans
Plasmodium falciparum	is the most dangerous human malaria parasite
Rattus norvegicus	the brown rat has versions of nearly every gene known to cause disease in humans, and they have been used for decades to develop and test new drugs
Saccharomyces cerevisae	is commonly known as baker's yeast and was the first eukaryote to have its genome fully sequenced
Schizosaccharomyces pombe	has at least 50 genes associated with human diseases, including cancers, cystic fibrosis, hereditary deafness, and diabetes
Spizellomyces punctatus	is a fungus used in comparative studies
Tetraodon nigroviridis	a fresh water pufferfish that is useful for comparative studies as it has a very compact genome
Trypanosoma brucei	causes trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness
Yarrowia lipolytica	is a “non-conventional” species of yeast, often used in genetic research because it differs from other well-studied species

Viruses

Viruses are sub-microscopic, obligate intracellular parasites. Virus particles are produced from the assembly of pre-formed components, and these particles (virions) do not 'grow' or undergo division. Viruses lack the genetic information which encodes apparatus necessary for the generation of metabolic energy or for protein synthesis (ribosomes). They depend on the host cells that they infect to reproduce.

Learn more about viruses

Viruses	Description
Acute bee paralysis virus	causes paralysis in bees (Apis mellifera)
African swine fever virus	is one of the three most dreaded epidemic diseases of pigs
Aichi virus	is a newly recognised virus that causes gastroenteritis in humans
Aleutian mink disease virus	causes Aleutian disease, a wasting disease in mink and ferrets
Andes virus	causes hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)
Artichoke mottled crinkle virus	is pathogenic to members of the Cynara (artichoke) family
Australian bat lyssavirus	causes disease in bats similar to rabies and is transmissible to humans
B19 virus	causes fifth disease
Banana bunchy top virus	is pathogenic to bananas and and economically destructive to the worldwide banana industry
Beak and feather disease virus	is pathogenic to Psittacine birds
Bean golden yellow mosaic virus	causes bean golden mosaic disease which is devastating to Central American bean crops
Bovine papillomavirus	causes epithelial tumours in cattle
Canine adenovirus	causes canine hepatitis and kennel cough
Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus	was the first mammalian papillomavirus to be discovered
Culex nigripalpus baculovirus	is being studied for possible mosquito control
Dengue virus	causes Dengue fever and Dengue hemorrhagic fever
Drosophila C virus	increases mortality rate, decreases developmental time, and increases daily fecundity in certain strains of Drosophila
Ectocarpus siliculosus virus	is used for research into viral replication
Encephalomyocarditis virus	type A, causes reproductive problems, type B causes heart failure in pigs
Faba bean necrotic yellows virus	is one of the most economically important disease-inducing agents in the Middle Eastern grain industry
Feline immunodeficiency virus	causes the feline equivalent of Human HIV
Human adenovirus	is a frequent cause of acute upper respiratory tract (URT) infections, i.e. "colds"
Human herpesvirus	causes a range of human disorders including cold sores, roseola, Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and genital warts
Human papillomavirus	can cause of cervical cancer, and is implicated in chronic urinary tract infections, i.e. vaginosis and vaginitis
Human poliovirus	causes Poliomyelitis (Polio)
Mumps virus	causes mumps.
Newcastle disease virus	causes Newcastle disease which is a contagious and fatal viral disease affecting most species of birds.
West Nile virus	can cause encephalitis